胜利油区化学驱油技术面临的矛盾及对策

在化学驱技术水平现状分析、化学驱资源评价和实施效果跟踪的基础上,深入分析了制约胜利油区化学驱发展的主要矛盾。在长期室内试验研究和矿场实践中总结出“P+N”聚合物驱加合增效理论,针对制约化学驱发展的主要矛盾,开展了耐温抗盐聚合物、有机复合交联体系、强化泡沫驱、二元驱等研究工作,为胜利油区化学驱油技术的发展提供了有力的技术支撑,拓宽了化学驱油技术的应用领域。

狗脊(Woodwardia japonica(L. f.)Sm)化学成分研究

从狗脊(Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm.)中分离得到六个化合物，经解析，分别鉴定为：山柰素-3-O-α-L-(4-O-乙酰基)鼠李糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(I)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(II)、狗脊蕨酸 (III)、β-谷甾醇 (IV)、胡萝卜甙 (V)，β-谷甾醇-3-O-α-L-(6-O-正十六酰基)葡萄糖甙(VI)。MS-MS检测并鉴定化合物一个：β-谷甾醇-3-O-α-L-(6-O-正十五酰基)葡萄糖甙(VII)。以上化合物均系首次从该植物中获得，化合物VI、VII为新化合物。另有六个化合物，未能分离得到化合物单体，经解析，可以确定其中五个化合物的结构物，分别为：山柰素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(VIII-I)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-(3,4-O-2乙酰基)鼠李糖甙(VIII-II)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(VIII-IV)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-(3-O-乙酰基)鼠李糖甙(VIII-V)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-(4-O-乙酰基)鼠李糖甙(VIII-VI)。

LLDPE接枝新型表面活性剂共聚物的制备及其结构、性能与应用的基础研究

合成三个系列的新型表面活性剂，制备了三个系列的聚乙烯接枝共聚物。第一系列的表面活性剂是将Tween8O、span80，聚氧乙烯肉桂醇醚，PEO（400），PEO（1000），PEO（2000）OCOC1’7H35和PEO（6000）-OCOC17H35引入双键而使其功能化，然后接枝到聚乙烯分子链上，表面活性剂的引入改变了聚乙烯的表面性能，使其亲水性增加。前三者为商品防雾滴剂，实验发现防雾滴剂的聚乙烯接枝共聚物膜的防雾滴性不如物理共混法制备的聚乙烯防雾滴膜的效果好。接枝聚乙烯共聚物LLDPE-g-PEO和LLDPE-g-PEO-sterate，由于结构差别，共聚物表面组成不同。前者随着支链长度的增加，支链柔性降低，共聚物表面氧的富集量趋于减少；而后者由于疏水基硬脂酸中碳链的存在，随着支链的增加，共聚物表面氧的富集量增加。LLDPE-g-PEO（400）和LLDPE-g-PEO（1000）的等温结晶速率都比空白聚乙烯的快。由于PEO与聚乙烯不相容，支链PEo在接枝共聚物中起异相成核剂的作用，使结晶速率加快。LLDPE-g-PEO（2000）-stearate的等温结晶速率与聚乙烯的接近，但比空白聚乙烯的略慢。这是由于支链末端硬脂酸碳链是柔性的疏水链，且与聚乙烯有较好的相容性，在本体聚乙烯非晶区中活动性较强，带动聚氧乙烯支链向相同的方向运动，使支链在聚乙烯中分散且伸展，对聚乙烯分子起惰性稀释剂的作用而导致结晶速率降低；但聚氧乙烯（2000）又具有结晶性，在本体聚乙烯中起异相成核剂的作用，使聚乙烯结晶速率加快，这两种作用消长的结果，使LLDPE-g-PEO（2000）-stearte接枝共聚物的结晶速率接近聚乙烯，但比聚乙烯的结晶速率略慢。LLDPE-g-PEO（6000）-stearate接枝共聚物的结晶速率比聚乙烯的快，这是由于聚氧乙烯（6000）的结晶性较强，活动性较强的硬脂酸基团很难使其伸展，其晶粒在本体聚乙烯中主要起异相成核剂的作用，导致其结晶速率比聚乙烯的快。为了弄清表面活性剂接枝到大分子链上的作用机理，特设计第二、第三系列的表面活性剂。第二系列的新型表面活性剂是I、II、III、IV和V，以及含有不饱和键的表面活性剂A-I、A-II和A-III。这些表面活性剂是以聚乙二醇、乙二醇、1，6-己二醇和1，10-癸二醇为主要的起始原料制得的。实验结果发现这些表面活性剂的表面张力随着疏水链长度的增加而增加。以A-I、A-II和A-II作为接枝单体，将其成功接枝到聚乙烯分子链上，从而改善了聚乙烯的表面性能。 由FTIR确定了其接枝率。由DSc对其等温结晶行为的研究发现：接枝链在本体聚合物中起异相成核剂的作用，加速了结晶过程，但没有改变聚乙烯晶格结构（WXA）。随着接枝链中的疏水链长度的增加，等温结晶速率加快。在低剪切速率时，空白聚乙烯具有牛顿流体的特性，而接枝聚乙烯表现出非牛顿流体行为。接枝聚合物在低剪切速率具有剪切变稠、高剪切速率时剪切变稀的现象。第三系列的新型表面活性剂是含氟和聚氧乙烯的特种表面活性剂：productIII（600-4600）。以FTIR和1HNMR表征其结构。以productIII（600-4600）为接枝单体，成功制得含氟接枝聚乙烯共聚物，亲水性表面活性剂的引入，同样改变了聚乙烯的表面性能。当PEO分子量较低时，含氟接枝聚乙烯共聚物的表面极性随着接枝链的分子量增加，极性增加，在ProductIII（1500）时，达到最大值，分子量继续增加，极性反而降低。这是由于支链结晶增加而影响分子链的迁移。含氟接枝聚乙烯共聚物的等温结晶速率比空白LLDPE的高，而且接枝共聚物的结晶速率随着支链分子量的增加而加快。这是由于含氟聚氧乙烯的接枝链在结晶体系中起成核剂的作用，使结晶过程加速。由于接枝率低，接枝链在接枝共聚物起异相成核剂的作用，虽然加速了结晶速率，但没有破坏聚乙烯晶格。

分光光度法测定钛和钒的价态

本论文“分光光度法则测定钛和钒的价态”包括互相独立的两部分工作：一、关于钛，经比较选用2－噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮作为Ti(III)的显色剂。在含二氯化锡的盐酸介质中，形成具有M:R = 1:3的稳定络合物，在685和485nm处有两个吸收峰，摩尔吸光系数分别为1.10 * 10~3和1.79 * 10~3。在685nm处测定Ti(III)有很高的选择性，百倍量的Ti(IV)和除氧化剂外的毫克量的多数常见离子无影响。0－300微克Ti(III)/10毫升范围内遵守比尔定律。应用本法测定了三氯化钛氧化剂和异丙橡胶中的Ti(III)和Ti(IV)。另外建立了新的配制和保存Ti(III)标准溶液的方法。二、关于钒、用磷钼杂多酸－罗丹明B作试剂，在存在聚乙烯醇的情况下，水相分光光度测定了三、四、五价钒。V（▽）与试剂形成四元络合物R_4[Mo_(11)V(▽)PO_(40)], V(IV)无显色反应，V(III)还原磷钼杂多酸成磷钼等，再与罗凡明B形成三元络合物R_5[Mo_(10)(VI)Mo_2(▽)PO_(40)]，过剩磷钼杂多酸由加入柠檬酸掩蔽。当V(IV)与V(▽)共存时，将其氧化成V(▽)，测合量后减去V(▽)而得V(IV)含量；当V(IV)与V(III)共存时，将其还原成V(III)，测合量后减去V(III)而得V(IV)含量。试剂最大吸收峰在555nm，两种络合物最大吸收峰都在586nm处，络合物的摩尔吸光系数分别为2.80 * 10~5和2.16 * 10~5。0-3.0微克V(▽)和0-4.0微克V(III)/25毫升遵守比尔定律。仅钛、锆、铌和钽及氧化、还原剂有影响。一个体系能高灵敏的测定三、四、五价钒，本工作还是首次。

Modified polyoxometalates: Hydrothermal syntheses and crystal structures of three novel reduced and capped Keggin derivatives decorated by transition metal complexes

Three novel polyoxometalate derivatives decorated by transition metal complexes have been hydrothermally synthesized. Compound 1 consists of [(PMo6Mo2V8O44)-Mo-VI-V-V-O-IV{CO (2,2'-bipy)(2)(H2O)}(4)](3+) polyoxocations and [(PMo4Mo4V8O44)-Mo-IV-V-V-O-IV{Co(2,2'-bipy)(2)(H2O)}(2)](3-) polyoxoanions, which are both built on mixed-metal tetracapped [PMo8V8O44] subunits covalently bonded to four or two {Co(2,2'-bpy)(2)(H2O)}(2+), clusters via terminal oxo groups of the capping V atoms. Compound 2 is built on [(PMo8V6O42)-V-VI-O-IV{Cu-I(phen)}(2)](5-) clusters constructed from mixed-metal bicapped [(PMo8V6O42)-V-VI-O-IV](7-) subunits covalently bonded to two {Cu(phen)}(+) fragments in the similar way to 1. The structure of 3 is composed of [(PMo9Mo3O40)-Mo-VI-O-V](6-) units capped by two divalent Ni atoms via four bridging oxo groups.

Hydrothermal syntheses and crystal structures of new cage-like mixed-valent polyoxovanadates

Three new cage-like mixed-valent polyoxovanadates [Ni(1,10'-phen)(3)](2)[V10O26] 1, [Zn(2,2'-biPY)(3)](3)[V15O36Cl](.)3H(2)O (2) and [Co(2,2'-biPY)(3)](3)[V15O36Cl](.)3H(2)O (3) have been hydrothermally synthesized for the first time and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, EPR spectra, TG analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The polyoxoanion of I exhibits an interesting empty ellipsoidal [V-2(IV) V-8(V) O-26](4-) 'host' shell, while the oxo vanadium clusters of 2 and 3 possess a spherical [V-8(IV) V-7(V) O36Cl](6-) cage with a Cl- ion encapsulated. The structure-directing role of organic templates (1,10'-phen and 2,2'-bipy) on the formation of the polyoxoanion structures is discussed.

上芒岗金矿床成矿作用过程研究

上芒岗金矿床位于三江褶皱系怒江大断裂西南段，龙陵～瑞丽大断裂(F_1)南东盘，上芒岗次级断裂(F_4)之中。赋矿地层为下二叠统沙子坡组(P_(1s))和中侏罗统勐嘎组(J_(2m))。矿石主要有两种类型，硅质矿石和粘土质矿石；前者主要由石英和少量黄铁矿所组成，金品位平均为2 * 10~(-6)；后者主要由伊利石、高岭石和黄铁矿所组成，金品位一般为2 * 10~(-6) ～ 4 * 10~(-6)。矿石中金星次显微状态，主要元素组合为Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Ba。矿床以强烈的黄铁粘土岩化为特征，热液蚀变作用过程即是金矿化作用过程。根据热液蚀变的矿物共生组合及其生成序次，将金矿化作用过程分为五个阶段：黄铁矿-石英阶段(I)；镁贝得-白云石阶段(II)；辉锑矿-石英阶段(IlI)：黄铁矿-高岭石-伊利石阶段(IV)；网脉状石英阶段(V)。其中黄铁矿-高岭石-伊利石阶段(IV)是金矿化的主成矿阶段。该矿床属于卡林型金矿床。由石英流体包裹体获得不同成矿阶段的温度为，成矿阶段I：210～170 ℃、成矿阶段III：190～160 ℃、成矿阶段V：173～144 ℃。伊利石-水氢同位素温度计测得成矿阶段IV的温度为165 ℃。石英流体包裹体液相成分以K~+、Na~+和Cl~- (F~-)为主，其次为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和HC0_3~-，由早到晚K~+、Na~+和Cl~-降低，而Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和HC0_3~-升高；气相组分以C0_2为主。石英流体包裹体成分富F，其含量高达8.03 * 10~(-3) mol／kg，正是由于成矿热液富含F，Al才可以与F形成络合物进入热液迁移，即Al成为活动组份，从而形成该矿床所独特的强烈粘土岩化蚀变。稀土元素特征方面，矿石和赋矿地层下二叠统沙子坡以及中侏罗统勐嘎组岩石的稀土配分曲线十分相似，均为右倾型，但是两者的稀土元素总量不同，前者的相对较高。矿石和蚀变岩具有相似的稀土元素配分曲线，但是矿石的稀土元素总量相对较高。与勐嘎组泥岩相比，粘土质蚀变岩和矿石更加富集轻稀土元素，并且更富Eu。这些特征表明，粘土质蚀变岩和矿石是由热液作用形成的，而不是风化作用的产物；矿石与赋矿地层在物质来源上有亲缘关系。不同矿段、不同阶段和不同类型矿石和蚀变岩的Au、Ag、As以及Sb的含量同步变化，这表明在整个成矿作用过程中，成矿流体来源统一，且在成矿体系起主导作用。不同类型的矿石及蚀变岩中Au与Al_20_3，和TFe的含量呈正相关，表明黄铁粘土岩化与成矿关系最为密切。矿石铅同位素~(208)Pb／~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb／~(204)Pb和~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb比值分别为39.12～39.54、15.85～15.95、19.75～20.33；沙子坡组(P_(1s))岩石铅同位素比值分别为:38.407～37.868、15.921～15.589、22.685～22.367;孟嘎组(J_(2m))岩石铅同位素比值分别为：39.499～39.222，15.821～15.772、19.207～18.709。在铅同位素组成相关图中矿石与地层铅的投影点分别集中成群分布。矿石铅与地层铅呈线性分布，而且矿石铅的集中区位于沙子坡组铅集中区和勐嘎组铅集中区之间。这些特征表明矿石铅系由沙子坡组铅和勐嘎组铅混合而成。成矿热液的δ~(18)O由早到晚逐渐升高，I、III、IV、V阶段流体的δ~(18)O值分别为-4.2‰，+0.59‰；+0.76‰，+1.98‰，表现出明显的漂移特征；而δD则表现出高度的一致性，变化范围为-82.5 ～ 79.48‰。由此认为成矿热液系大气降水起源。成矿热液氢、氧同位素组成的这种规律性变化还说明，成矿热液的演化具有继承性和连续性。应用CHILLERR软件包，对上芒岗金矿床的成矿作用过程进行化学反应途径数字模拟。所展示的成矿作用过程为：大气降水沿断裂带下渗，加热循环，获取成矿物质(但不排除有深源成矿物质加入的可能性)；形成起始成矿热液：T = 200℃ P = 228.8bar；pH = 4.4；fs_2 = 10~(-9.89); fo_2 = 10~(-41.28)；aAu(HS)_2~- = 10~(-9.64)，aAuCl_2~- = 10~(-17.86);富含F、Al和Au，贫As、Hg、Zn、Cu和Pb。成矿热液在构造作用的驱动下，上升进入上芒岗断裂上部含水构造破碎带，并与下渗雨水混合而淬冷，形成沿上芒岗断裂呈线状分布的早期硅化石英岩(成矿阶段I)，成矿热液与下渗雨水之比为16:l(成矿阶段I)；继而热液扩散进入下盘破碎带，与白云岩反应，形成矿体下盘的白云石化，水:岩比为193:l(成矿阶段II)。此后成矿热液上升充填裂隙空间，由于热传导而缓慢冷却，成矿体系的温度由189 ℃降为165 ℃，形成含辉锑矿的梳状石英脉(成矿阶段1II)。成矿热液继续上升进入上盘碎屑岩破碎带，停积于构造揉皱的泥质岩，并与之反应，形成上芒岗矿床金矿化的主体—粘占土质矿石，水:岩比为29:1(成矿阶段IV)。最后成矿残液逐渐冷却, 同时伴随C0_2的起泡，形成晚期石英网脉(成矿阶段V)，至此热液金矿化过程结束。由上述可见上芒岗金矿床的成矿作用过程经历了：(初始)成矿热液与下渗大气降水混合(I) → 成矿热液与沙子坡组白云岩反应(II) → 成矿热液缓慢冷却(III) → 成矿热液与勐嘎组泥质岩石反应(IV) → 成矿热液冷却沸腾(V)等5个演化阶段。模拟结果进一步证实了上芒岗金矿床的热液成因。上芒岗金矿床成作用过程化学反应途径数字模拟与地质事实高度吻合，与地球化学研究结果相互印证，再现了上芒岗金矿床的成矿作用过程。由矿床的地质地球化学特征及成矿作用过程化学反应途径模拟结果，归纳出上芒岗金矿床成矿作用过程模型。

Revised ab initio natural band offsets of all group IV, II-VI, and III-V semiconductors

Using an all-electron band structure approach, we have systematically calculated the natural band offsets between all group IV, III-V, and II-VI semiconductor compounds, taking into account the deformation potential of the core states. This revised approach removes assumptions regarding the reference level volume deformation and offers a more reliable prediction of the "natural" unstrained offsets. Comparison is made to experimental work, where a noticeable improvement is found compared to previous methodologies.

Hydrothermal synthesis, structure characterization of a new mixed Mo/V metal-oxygen cluster compound: [Co(phen)(3)](2)[HPMo4V (Mo4V6IV)-V-VI M2O44]center dot 4H(2)O, (M=0.78Mo(V)+0.22V(IV))

A new polyoxometalate [Co(phen)(3)](2)[HPMo4V Mo-4(VI) V-6(IV) M2O44]center dot 4H(2)O (M = 0.78Mo(V)+ 0.22V(IV)) 1 was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectrum, ESR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound is in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar with a = 12.0953(7) angstrom, b = 14.0182(6) angstrom, c = 14.6468(7) angstrom, V=2402.55(18) angstrom(3), alpha = 105.134(2), beta = 91.841(3), gamma = 91.401(2), Z = 1, and R-1 (wR(2)) = 0.0617 (0.1701). The compound was prepared from tetra-capped pseudo-Kepin with phosphorus-centered polyoxoanions [PMo8V6M2O44](5-) , [Co(phen)(3)](2+) cations and linked through hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interaction into three-dimensional supramolecular framework. Astudy of the magnetic properties of 1 demonstrates that it exhibits antiferromagnetic coupling interactions.

A novel 2D arsenic vanadate network grafted with a transition metal complex: [Cu(phen)][(VV4As2O19)-V-IV-As-V]center dot 0.5H(2)O

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid compound [Cu(phen)](2)[(VV4As2O19)-V-IV-As-V-O-V].0.5H(2)O 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized. Its structure, determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, exhibits an unusual two-dimensional arsenic vanadate layered network grafted with the [Cu(phen)](2+) complex. The chelating phen ligands project perpendicularly beyond the inorganic layer. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility studies indicate that both ferro- and antiferro-magnetic interactions exist in 1.

The synthesis and crystal structure of vanadium complexes: [(VO2)-O-IV(phen)(2)]center dot 6H(2)O and [2,2 '-(bipy)(2)(VO2)-O-V](H2BO3)center dot 3H(2)O

The organic-inorganic hybrid materials vanadium oxide [(VO2)-O-IV(phen)(2)](.)6H(2)O (1) and [(2,2'-bipy)(2)(VO2)-O-V](H2BO3)(.)3H(2)O (2) have been conventional and hydrothermal synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, respectively. Although the method and the ligand had been used in the syntheses of the compounds (1) and (2) are different, they almost possess similar structure. They all exhibit the distorted octahedral [VO2N4] unit with organonitrogen donors of the phen and 2,2'-bipy ligands, respectively, which coordinated directly to the vanadium oxide framework. And they are both non-mixed-valence complexes. But the compound (1) is isolated, and the compound (2) consists of a cation of [(2,2'-bipy)(2)(VO2)-O-V](+) and an anion of (H2BO3)(-). So the valence of vanadium of (1) and (2) are tetravalence and pentavalence, respectively. Meanwhile it is noteworthy that pi-pi stacking interaction between adjacent phen and 2,2'-bipy groups in compounds I and 2 also play a significant role in stabilization of the structure. Thus, the structure Of [(VO2)-O-IV(phen)(2)](.)6H(2)O and [(2,2'-bipy)(2)(VO2)-O-V](H2BO3)(.)3H(2)O are both further extended into interesting three-dimensional supramolecular.

[H2N (C2H4)(2)NH2](4) (H3O) [(PMo2Mo6V4O40)-Mo-V-V-VI-O-IV ((VO)-O-IV)(2)] center dot H2O: A new highly reduced, bicapped pseudo-Keggin vanadylpoly-molybdophosphate

A new vandylpolymolybdophosphate, [H2N(C2H4)(2)NH2](4)-(H3O)[(PMo2Mo6V4O40)-Mo-V-V-VI-O-IV((VO)-O-IV)(2)].H2O, was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis, XPS, ESR spectra, mid singe crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound contains an unusual highly reduced pseudo-Keggin type polyoxoanion with nine negative charges and exhibits an interesting phosphorus-centered alternate layer arrangement of molybdenum and vanadium oxides.

A highly reduced polyoxoanion with phosphorus-centered alternate layers of Mo/V oxides, [(PMo2Mo6V4O40)-Mo-V-V-VI-O-IV((VO)-O-IV)(2)](9-)

An unusual polyoxometalate [H2N(C2H4)(2)NH2](4)(H3O)[(PMO2Mo6V4O40)-Mo-V-V-VI-O-IV((VO)-O-IV)(2)].H2O is hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-VIS, elemental analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectrum, ESR, TG and Single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 15-227(5), b = 19.491(4), c = 18.737(3) Angstrom, V = 5123(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, and R-1 (wR(2)) = 0.0726(0.1416). The compound contains an unusual highly reduced pseudo-Keggin type polyoxoanion and exhibits an interesting phosphorus-centered alternate arrangement of layers of molybdenum and vanadium oxides.

Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of an unusual compound: [Cu(en)(2)](4)[(SiMo8V4O40)-O-V((VO)-O-IV)(2)][MoO4](2)center dot 5H(2)O

A novel compound [Cu(en)(2)](4)[(SiMo8V4O40)-O-v(V-IV O)(2)] [MoO4](2) . 5H(2)O has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Black crystals crystallize in the tetragonal. system, space group 14/m, a = b = 14.019(2) Angstrom, c = 20.341(4) Angstrom, V = 3997.9(11) Angstrom(3), Z = 2, lambda(MoKalpha) = 0.71073 Angstrom (R(F) = 0.0443 for 1819 reflections). Data were collected on a Siemens P4 four-circle diffractometer at 293 K in the range of 1.76 < theta < 24.98degrees using the omega-scan technique. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by the full-matrix least squares on F-2 method using the SHELXL-97 software. X-ray crystallographic study showed that the title compound contained a bicapped alpha-Keggin fragment [SiMo8 (V4O40)-O-v((VO)-O-IV)(2)](4-) polyoxoanion.