Dynamic SIF of interface crack between two dissimilar viscoelastic bodies under impact loading

In this paper, the transient dynamic stress intensity factor (SIF) is determined for an interface crack between two dissimilar half-infinite isotropic viscoelastic bodies under impact loading. An anti-plane step loading is assumed to act suddenly on the surface of interface crack of finite length. The stress field incurred near the crack tip is analyzed. The integral transformation method and singular integral equation approach are used to get the solution. By virtue of the integral transformation method, the viscoelastic mixed boundary problem is reduced to a set of dual integral equations of crack open displacement function in the transformation domain. The dual integral equations can be further transformed into the first kind of Cauchy-type singular integral equation (SIE) by introduction of crack dislocation density function. A piecewise continuous function approach is adopted to get the numerical solution of SIE. Finally, numerical inverse integral transformation is performed and the dynamic SIF in transformation domain is recovered to that in time domain. The dynamic SIF during a small time-interval is evaluated, and the effects of the viscoelastic material parameters on dynamic SIF are analyzed.

Characters of Surface Deformation and Surface Wave in Thermal Capillary Convection

In the field of fluid mechanics, free surface phenomena is one of the most important physical processes. In the present research work, the surface deformation and surface wave caused by temperature difference of sidewalls in a rectangular cavity have been investigated. The horizontal cross-section of the container is 52 mmx42 mm, and there is a silicon oil layer of height 3.5 mm in the experimental cavity. Temperature difference between the two side walls of the cavity is increased gradually, and the flow on the liquid layer will develop from stable convection to un-stable convection. An optical diagnostic system consisting of a modified Michelson interferometer and image processor has been developed for study of the surface deformation and surface wave of thermal capillary convection. The Fourier transformation method is used to interferometer fringe analysis. The quantitative results of surface deformation and surface wave have been calculated from a serial of the interference fringe patterns.The characters of surface deformation and surface wave have been obtained. They are related with temperature gradient and surface tension. Surface deformation is fluctuant with time, which shows the character of surface wave. The cycle period of the wave is 4.8 s, and the amplitudes are from 0 to 0.55 mu m. The phase of the wave near the cool side of the cavity is opposite and correlative to that near the hot side. The present experiment proves that the surface wave of thermal capillary convection exists on liquid free surface, and it is wrapped in surface deformation.

The scattering of general SH plane wave by interface crack between two dissimilar viscoelastic bodies

The scattering of general SH plane wave by an interface crack between two dissimilar viscoelastic bodies is studied and the dynamic stress,intensity factor at the crack-tip is computed. The scattering problem can be decomposed into two problems: one is the reflection and refraction problem of general SH plane waves at perfect interface (with no crack); another is the scattering problem due to the existence of crack. For the first problem, the viscoelastic wave equation, displacement and stress continuity conditions across the interface are used to obtain the shear stress distribution at the interface. For the second problem, the integral transformation method is used to reduce the scattering problem into dual integral equations. Then, the dual integral equations are transformed into the Cauchy singular integral equation of first kind by introduction of the crack dislocation density function. Finally, the singular integral equation is solved by Kurtz's piecewise continuous function method. As a consequence, the crack opening displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor are obtained. At the end of the paper, a numerical example is given. The effects of incident angle, incident frequency and viscoelastic material parameters are analyzed. It is found that there is a frequency region for viscoelastic material within which the viscoelastic effects cannot be ignored.

Generation of millimeter-wave in optical pulse carrier by using an apodized Moire fiber grating

A novel scheme is proposed to transform a Gaussian pulse to a millimeter-wave frequency modulation pulse by using an apodized Moire fiber Bragg grating in radio-over-fiber system. The relation between the input and output pulses is analyzed theoretically by Fourier transformation method and the requirements for the proposed fiber grating are presented. An apodized Moire fiber Bragg grating is designed and its characteristics are studied. It is shown that the proposed device is feasible, and the new scheme is believed to be an effective solution for the generation of millimeter-wave sub-carrier in future radio-over-fiber systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optical generaton of millimeter-wave pulses using a fiber Bragg grating in a fiber-optics system

A scheme is proposed to transform an optical pulse into a millimeter-wave frequency modulation pulse by using a weak fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in a fiber-optics system. The Fourier transformation method is used to obtain the required spectrum response function of the FBG for the Gaussian pulse, soliton pulse, and Lorenz shape pulse. On the condition of the first-order Born approximation of the weak fiber grating, the relation of the refractive index distribution and the spectrum response function of the FBG satisfies the Fourier transformation, and the corresponding refractive index distribution forms are obtained for single-frequency modulation and linear-frequency modulation millimeter-wave pulse generation. The performances of the designed fiber gratings are also studied by a numerical simulation method for a supershort pulse transmission. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

花粉管通道遗传转化方法的新证据

将pBIN35S-mGFP4质粒转入受体菌DH5α中，扩繁后提取纯化质粒DNA，待棉花盛花期时，用花粉管通道转化方法将其注射到授粉24小时左右的子房中。在被检测的950个发育10～20天左右的幼胚中，发现七个幼胚在蓝光(460～490nm)激发下发出绿色荧光，而对照发出程度不同的红色荧光。将收获的“转化种子”浸泡萌发得到生长5～6天的黄化无菌苗，在200粒种子来源的无菌苗中，检出两棵转化植株。在紫外光照射灯下转化植株发出绿色荧光，其叶片和下胚轴横切面在蓝光激发下也与对照明显不同。PCR及Southern blotting结果均证实转化植株的真实性，从而为花粉管通道转化方法的可行性提供了直接可靠的细胞及分子生物学证据。 将GFPmut1质粒的gfp通过一端平接一端粘接后重组到pBI121的BamH1和Sal1限制性酶切位点从而代替GUS基因，然后将新的重组质粒用三亲交配法转入到LBA4404菌株中得到双元载体，用于棉花下胚轴切段的转化。结果表明，gfp象gus一样可作为报告基因用于农杆菌介导的棉花转化。在对筛选培养基上生长的“抗性愈伤”进一步进行报告基因检测时，只需手持紫外灯就可以检出GFP阳性愈伤，大大减少了工作量和试验费用。 另外，在进行农杆菌转化前的棉花卡那霉素敏感性实验中发现，卡那霉素对棉花下胚轴的愈伤组织形成和增殖均有明显的抑制作用，随其浓度的增加，愈伤组织形成的频率降低，增殖的倍数减小;当浓度增加到100mg/L时，愈伤组织严重褐化，其正常生长受到完全抑制;下胚轴形态学上端切段较下端更易受卡那霉素的影响。

弹性悬链线方程参数变换法及其工程应用

建立了弹性锚泊线模型,该模型根据微段垂向力学平衡关系,通过引进一个变换参数u(sinhu=dy/dx),得到了弹性悬链线的参数方程.结合工程实际,将该模型用于海洋工程中的锚泊线,给出锚泊线拉力公式,与求解算法.该算法简单有效,易于编程实现

Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen gene (HBsAg) in Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

A transformation model for Laminaria japonica was established from 1993 to 1998, on the basis of which the transgenic kelp with heterologous gene encoding hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was obtained by using the micro-particle bombardment transformation method. Results of quantitative ELISA showed that HBsAg in transgenic kelp was 0.529 mug/mg soluble proteins on average and the highest value was 2.497 mug/mg, implying that recombinant HBsAg had natural epitope. Further support for the integration of HBsAg gene into kelp genome was obtained by PCR-Southern and total DNA hybridization. Prospect of kelp bio-reactor producing high value materials such as edible HBV vaccine was discussed as well.

星球探测机器人视觉系统标定方法研究

本文介绍了星球探测机器人视觉系统的标定方法,首先介绍了一种新的从视觉坐标系到车体坐标系的变换方法,随后给出了像机的模型,在像机参数优化过程中将三维重投影误差作为评价函数,利用遗传算法完成寻优过程,以保证估计出的像机参数全局最优。真实环境实验结果表明:该方法具有较高的空间定位精度。

空间向量法求解坐标变换

介绍一种利用空间向量求解坐标变换关系的方法，简化了传统的坐标系之间坐标变换关系求解的复杂计算，减小了采样误差对计算结果的影响．为建立各物体之间的位姿关系描述提供了有效的数学计算手段

U-transformation-finite element method in 3-dimensional analysis of orthotropic laminates

For an orthotropic laminate, an equivalent system with doubly cyclic periodicity is introduced. Then a 3-dimensional finite element model for the equivalent system is transformed into the unitary space, where the large finite element matrix equation is decoupled into some small matrix equations. Such a decoupling very efficiently reduces the computational effort. For an orthotropic laminate with four clamped edges, no exact elasticity solution is available, and the deflection values predicted by different methods have a considerable difference each other for a small length-to-thickness ratio. The present predictions are the largest because the present method is a full 3-dimensional finite element analysis without superfluous constraints. Illustrative numerical examples are presented to observe the distributions of stresses through the thickness of the laminates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transformation field method for calculating the effective properties of isotropic graded composites having arbitrary shapes

A method of transformation field is developed to estimate the effective properties of graded composites whose inclusions have arbitrary shapes and gradient profiles by means of a periodic cell model. The boundary-value problem of graded composites having arbitrary inclusion shapes is solved by introducing the transformation field into the inclusion region. As an example, the effective dielectric response of isotropic graded composites having arbitrary shapes and gradient profiles is handled by the transformation field method (TFM). Moreover, TFM results are validated by the exact solutions of isotropic graded spherical inclusions having a power-law profile and good agreement is obtained in the dilute limit. Furthermore, it is found that the inclusion shapes and the parameters of the gradient profiles can have profound effect on the effective properties of composite systems at high concentration of inclusions.