Strain Regularity and Stiffness Tensor of Reinforcers in Dense Particle Reinforced Composites

针对高体积份数、随机分布、等轴状颗粒增强复合材料 ,研究了材料的应变分布规律 ,给出了基体和增强体应变平均值与材料微观结构参数之间的定量关系。结果表明 ,除应变平均值外 ,应变涨落是影响刚度张量的另一个重要因素 ,研究了应变涨落与材料微观结构参数之间的关系 ,并推导出了复合材料的刚度张量。与实验结果和以往的理论比较 ,预测结果与实验结果吻合良好

Regularity of strain distribution in short-fiber/whisker reinforced composites

Based on studies on the strain distribution in short-fiber/whisker reinforced metal matrix composites, a deformation characteristic parameter, lambda is defined as a ratio of root-mean-square strain of the reinforcers identically oriented to the macro-linear strain along the same direction. Quantitative relation between lambda and microstructure parameters of composites is obtained. By using lambda, the stiffness moduli of composites with arbitrary reinforcer orientation density function and under arbitrary loading condition are derived. The upper-bound and lower-bound of the present prediction are the same as those from the equal-strain theory and equal-stress theory, respectively. The present theory provides a physical explanation and theoretical base for the present commonly-used empirical formulae. Compared with the microscopic mechanical theories, the present theory is competent for stiffness modulus prediction of practical engineering composites in accuracy and simplicity.

Correlation between Discharging Property and Coatings Microstructure during Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

The voltage-current properties during plasma electrolytic discharge were determined by measuring the current density and cell voltage as functions of processing time and then by mathematical transformation. Correlation between discharge I-V property and the coatings microstructure on aluminum alloy during plasma electrolfic oxidation was determined by comparing the voltage-current properties at different process stages with SEM results of the corresponding coatings. The results show that the uniform passive film corresponds to a I-V property with one critical voltage, and a compound of porous layer and shred ceramic particles corresponds to a I-Vproperty with two critical voltages. The growth regularity of PEO cermet coatings was also studied.

On a Degenerate Parabolic Problem in Holder Spaces

In this paper, we study some degenerate parabolic equation with Cauchy-Dirichlet boundary conditions. This problem is considered in little Holder spaces. The optimal regularity of the solution v is obtained and is specified in terms of those of the second member when some conditions upon the Holder exponent with respect to the degeneracy are satisfied. The proofs mainly use the sum theory of linear operators with or without density of domains and the results of smoothness obtained in the study of some abstract linear differential equations of elliptic type.

Statistical analysis of synthetic earthquake catalogs generated by models with various levels of fault zone disorder

The stress release model, a stochastic version of the elastic rebound theory, is applied to the large events from four synthetic earthquake catalogs generated by models with various levels of disorder in distribution of fault zone strength (Ben-Zion, 1996) They include models with uniform properties (U), a Parkfield-type asperity (A), fractal brittle properties (F), and multi-size-scale heterogeneities (M). The results show that the degree of regularity or predictability in the assumed fault properties, based on both the Akaike information criterion and simulations, follows the order U, F, A, and M, which is in good agreement with that obtained by pattern recognition techniques applied to the full set of synthetic data. Data simulated from the best fitting stress release models reproduce, both visually and in distributional terms, the main features of the original catalogs. The differences in character and the quality of prediction between the four cases are shown to be dependent on two main aspects: the parameter controlling the sensitivity to departures from the mean stress level and the frequency-magnitude distribution, which differs substantially between the four cases. In particular, it is shown that the predictability of the data is strongly affected by the form of frequency-magnitude distribution, being greatly reduced if a pure Gutenburg-Richter form is assumed to hold out to high magnitudes.

The degree of predictability of earthquakes in several regions of China: statistical analysis of historical data

The stress release model, a stochastic version of the elastic-rebound theory, is applied to the historical earthquake data from three strong earthquake-prone regions of China, including North China, Southwest China, and the Taiwan seismic regions. The results show that the seismicity along a plate boundary (Taiwan) is more active than in intraplate regions (North and Southwest China). The degree of predictability or regularity of seismic events in these seismic regions, based on both the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and fitted sensitivity parameters, follows the order Taiwan, Southwest China, and North China, which is further identified by numerical simulations. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

钢基铝镀层转化为陶瓷层的演变规律研究

热浸镀铝钢经等离子体电解氧化（Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation,PEO）处理后,表面铝镀层转化为陶瓷层.实验对阳极电压变化、陶瓷层生长规律、涂层截面形貌和成分等进行了研究.结果表明：在PEO初期,热浸铝试件的阳极电压变化趋势与纯铝试件相同,在PEO后期电压有下降趋势.铝镀层消耗和陶瓷层厚度增长近似为线性变化.当铝镀层完全陶瓷化后,FeAl层参与PEO反应,但陶瓷层生长速率变慢,在界面处出现大量裂纹;陶瓷层主要成分为Al、Si、O元素,相结构主要为γ-Al_2O_3与莫来石相,在PEO后期出现α-Al_2O_3相.复合陶瓷层硬度呈区域性分布,陶瓷层最高硬度可达HV1800.

Laser Guiding in the Randomicity of Discrete Surface Strengthening by Arc Discharge

Several discharge areas by laser-guided discharge (LGD) were compared with those by common arc discharge. The randomicity of discharge areas by common arc discharge was controlled by laser guiding on two scales: large scale (the spacing of the discharge areas) and small scale (the inside of the discharge area). The position of the discharge area overlapped completely with a laser focus; therefore, the distribution and surface shape of the discharge areas were controlled. The stochastic movement of anode spot in the discharge area was controlled by laser guiding. As such, the repetitive melting and solidifying of microstructures in the discharge area was constrained. The tempered microstruc- tures in the discharge area were voided, the utilization efficiency of input energy was improved, and the strengthened depth of the discharge areas was increased. The regularity of cross-sectional shape of the discharge area was also improved. The hardness of microstructures in both discharge areas is greater than that of the base material. The highest level of hardness of microstructures in both discharge areas measures above 1000 HV. In summary, the hardness ofmicrostructures in the discharge area by LGD is larger and more discrete than that by common arc discharge.

线性共蒸法制备非均匀膜的误差特性模拟分析

对双源线性共蒸法制备的非均匀薄膜折射率分布与光学特性的关系作了探讨，并与均匀介质膜的光学特性作了对比；从折射率正变和负变两个方面．讨论了混合介质膜折射率不同变化规律对光学性能带来的影响；讨论了厚度误差和折射率极值误差对非均匀膜光学性能的影响。结果发现：折射率变化规律误差主要对非均匀膜的应用波段范围产生影响，而膜层厚度误差和折射率极值误差超过一定值时，将对薄膜光学特性产生重要影响。

Irregular morphine administration affects the retention but not acquisition of conditioned place preference in rats

Drug addiction is increasingly viewed as the expression of abnormal associative learning following repeated exposures to the drugs of abuse Previous I studies have demonstrated that the patterns of repetition such as frequency and spacing are important to many kinds of learning and memory retention We hypothesized that drug repetition pattern might affect the reward-related learning although the total doses of the drug were the same. In the present study, we tested morphine-induced place preference following either regular or irregular pattern of morphine pairing in rats Regular morphine group received morphine administration daily at a regular time with the same dose Irregular morphine groups received morphine administration either at the same time but irregular doses, irregular time but same dose, or irregular time and irregular doses. We found that rats, who received irregular morphine pairing, exhibited similar acquisition of peace preference but different preference retentions compared with regular morphine-treated rats after the same total dose of morphine Rats, who received morphine administration at the same time but irregular doses and at irregular time and irregular doses, showed rapid disruption of place preference than the regular morphine group. Rats, who received morphine at irregular time but the same dose, showed similar retention of place preference to regular morphine group Our results suggest that the pattern of drug pairing plays an important role in the retention of reward-related memory This study may provide new evidence to broaden our understanding of the development and maintenance of drug craving (C) 2009 Elsevier B V. All rights reserved

可满足性问题研究

数理逻辑是计算机科学的基础，而逻辑公式的可满足性问题是计算机科学和人工智能领域中的一个著名而又重要的问题。它在计算机科学和人工智能研究中有广泛的应用。本文将重点介绍实际可用的判定算法及其相关技术。 本文的研究分两大方向，分别是命题逻辑的可满足性问题研究和一阶逻辑的可满足性问题研究。命题逻辑的可满足性问题（Satisfiability Problem）是一个历史悠久的问题，一般简称为 SAT问题。SAT 问题的求解算法有两大类，分别是确定性算法和非确定性算法。本文只研究确定性算法的相关内容，尤其是如何进行剪枝。我们充分调研了SAT求解算法和求解工具的相关知识，在此基础上，提出了local Lemma 这个剪枝技术，该技术可以更加充分地挖掘剪枝信息，达到进行更多剪枝的目的。 在一阶逻辑的可满足性问题研究方面，本文采取直接搜索可行的一阶逻辑模型的方法研究有限论域上的一阶逻辑的可满足性问题。该方法本质上就是深度优先的回溯搜索。因此，我们的研究重点就是如何找到问题的更高效的一阶逻辑的表示以及如何采用启发式的方式进行剪枝。在这个问题上，我的主要工作有两个：一个是模型搜索中适用于谓词的同构消去技术，包括Row by Row策略和Ramsey Number 策略两个技术；另一个是 DASH（Decision Assignment Scheme Heuristic），用来在生成有限模型的时候边搜索边消除同构子空间。DASH 能用近乎零代价保证输出的模型都是互不同构的。这两个技术都是基于有限论域中的元素的固有对称性，换言之，就是需要有限论域中的元素是两两可交换的。 在已有的成果的基础上，我们又尝试使用它们去求解一些数学中的实际问题，如拟群拉丁方，有限射影平面，正交拉丁方（组）等。我们给出了在这几个方面的一些尝试和初步结果，包括一个重要的定理和若干效率提高了几个数量级的改进。 值得一提的是，和马菲菲共同提出的横截矩阵（Transversal Matrix）概念是一个新颖的成果，使得正交拉丁方的表示和求解取得了明显的改进。在这个概念的基础上，进一步给出了几个定理，进行了理论上的拓展。实验数据表明，我们的求解途径和技术能有效解决拉丁方相关的问题。

SAT和DSOLS问题的研究

约束可满足性问题（Constraint Satisfaction Problem,CSP）是在人工智能领域被广泛研究的一类问题。对CSP问题的研究有两种重要的思路：一种思路是用统一的模型来表示CSP，然后用针对这个统一模型的通用工具进行求解；另外一种思路是针对不同的CSP问题开发专门工具，设计不同的算法和数据结构来求解。 本文研究了两个CSP问题：SAT(SATisfiability problem)和DSOLS(DoublySelf-Orthogonal Latin Squares)。CSP可以方便的转换为SAT来求解，因此对SAT的研究对很多问题具有重大意义。本文介绍了当前流行的SAT solver的一些技术，也提出一种新的搜索空间裁剪策略Local Lemma。DSOLS是一种具有特定性质的拉丁方，本文对它的研究不仅仅因为它的应用意义。更重要的是它作为一个特定的CSP问题，可以用来比较通用工具和专门工具的优劣。本文尝试了把DSOLS转化为SAT求解，也试过用一般CSP的思路来求解，最后提出了一种针对性的高效算法并开发了一个专门工具DSOLver，用这个工具证明了一个开放问题：DSOLS(10)不存在。

Fabrication of Silicon-Based Template-Assisted Nanoelectrode Arrays and Ohmic Contact Properties Investigation

A convenient fabrication technology for large-area, highly-ordered nanoelectrode arrays on silicon substrate has been described here, using porous anodic alumina (PAA) as a template. The ultrathin PAA membranes were anodic oxidized utilizing a two-step anodization method, from Al film evaporated on substrate. The purposes for the use of two-step anodization were, first, improving the regularity of the porous structures, and second reducing the thickness of the membranes to 100 similar to 200 nm we desired. Then the nanoelectrode arrays were obtained by electroless depositing Ni-W alloy into the through pores of PAA membranes, making the alloy isolated by the insulating pore walls and contacting with the silicon substrates at the bottoms of pores. The Ni-W alloy was also electroless deposited at the back surface of silicon to form back electrode. Then ohmic contact properties between silicon and Ni-W alloy were investigated after rapid thermal annealing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed the structure characteristics, and the influence factors of fabrication effect were discussed. The current voltage (I-V) curves revealed the contact properties. After annealing in N-2 at 700 degrees C, good linear property was shown with contact resistance of 33 Omega, which confirmed ohmic contacts between silicon and electrodes. These results presented significant application potential of this technology in nanosize current-injection devices in optoelectronics, microelectronics and bio-medical fields.

长白山阔叶红松林林地土壤CO2排放规律与机理

土壤CO2释放通量总量与潜力作为陆地土壤碳循环过程研究的重要组分，一直是国际统碳循环研究的前沿领域。鉴于温带森林对全球气候变化的敏感性，以阔叶红松林为代表的土壤CO2 放通量过程与机制的研究，能够为正确评估我国温带森林土壤碳库动态和潜力提供科学依据。本文利用静态箱／气相色谱技术，连续测定了长白山阔叶红松林及其附近的次生林土壤CO2释放通量并进行比较研究，结果表明：（1）长白山阔叶红松林土壤CO2释放通量具有明显的季节动态，与温度的变化趋势大致相同，在生长季节中表现出8月份＞7月份＞9月份＞5月份＞4月份。（2）土壤温度是控制CO2释放的关键驱动因子；土壤含水量变化对CO2 释放亦有一定的影响。（3）不同土壤类型的土壤COZ释放通量强度不同，其中阔叶红松林年C排放量为7253.72 kg/hm2，白桦林排放量为6581.28 kg／hm2，山杨白桦混交林和山杨林排放量分别是6301.64 kg／hm2和4941.77 kg/hm2。（4）凋落物对林地CO2释放有显著的影响，贡献率约占-12％-38％；根系的贡献约为7.26％-57.6％。