盐对菠菜叶绿体PSI光合电子传递及低温荧光发射光谱的影响

本文报告了以下几点研究所结果 1、NaCl， K2SO4等几种盐对菠菜叶绿体和PSI颗粒的甲基紫精光还原速率都有明显的促进作用。 2、以上几种盐都能改变叶绿体和PSI颗粒的低温荧光发射光谱中不同的荧光发射峰之间的比值。但是PSI颗粒低温荧光光谱的变化是和叶绿体低温荧光光谱的变化是不同的。 3、胰蛋白酶予处理并不能消除盐对叶绿体甲基紫精光还原反应的促进作用，相反地，却能提高盐的促进作用的灵敏度。 4、胰蛋白酶予处理也不能改变盐对叶绿体和PSI颗粒的低温荧光光谱的影响。 本文根据以上实验结果并结合前人的工作，对以上实验结果之间的内在联系进行了讨论，并试图说明盐在以上实验过程中的作用。

高等植物PSI ,PSII反应中心及天线系统色素蛋白复合体结构与功能的研究

一、实验证明了Cd H、Mg“在小麦类囊体膜上色素蛋白复合体的解聚和再聚合过程中，具有不同的作用。因此，二阶阳离子对激发能在光系统间的分配调节作用，可能不能仅仅用“静电现象”(Barber(1980))去解释。分析表明，在Ca2+作用下与PSII内周天线CP-47，GP-43多肽结合的L H C II和LHClb是来自间质膜区的PS I系统的。从PSI迁移到P S II的捕光色素蛋白，增加了PSII的捕光截面，从而促进了激发能有利于PsII分配。 二、Ca2*、Mg2+对小麦和菠菜类囊体膜光谱性质的影响有所差异。Ca2+对小麦类囊体膜光谱性质的影响还可以随着介质中Ca2+的消除而消除。同小麦类囊体膜相比，菠菜PSII以及LHCII更为集中在基粒区域，这可能是菠菜类囊体膜强Fv以及高F888／F735，F89H／F735比值的原因。因此，Ca2+，HgH对激发能在光系统间分配的调节作用是依赖于光系统间激发能及天线色素蛋白的分配状况的。 三、对菠菜叶中分离的PSII-RC: D1-D2-cyt b55g复合物进行的低温荧光发射光谱的研究表明，这一复合物可能具有F681和F684两种波长的低温荧光发射，但它们通常并不是同时存在，而是取决于Ca-670与Ca-680 Chla分子的相对含量的。PSII-RC内周无线GP-47，GP-43多肽的存在是D1-D2-cyt b559复合物低温荧光发射红移的原因;而D1一D2cyt b559复合物的不稳定性则与其低温荧光发射的蓝移现象有关。 从蕹菜叶中分离的Dl—D2-cyt b559复合物的F 381低温荧光发射也是由其相对含量较高的C．i-6 7 0 Chla分子的存在决定的。对蕹菜D 1一D 2-cyt b559复合物中的分析还表明，F 681的低温荧光发射直接来源于Di／D2复合物，而415nm处相对较强的吸收，则可能主要是与Pheo的存在有关的。 四、多肽分析与光谱分析的对照表明，CP-26内周天线多肽可能是PSII中F695低温荧光发射的真正来源。 五、实验分析了蔗糖密度离心分离的LHClI和PSI颗粒。结果排除了CP-27多肽（以及CP，一2 5，GP-47，CP -4 3多肽）具有F695低温荧光发射的可能，因此支持了CP-26多肽是PSII中F695低荧光发射来源的看法。对PsI颗粒的分析表明，P700的存在可能是与PSI-RC中较大的Sub-I亚基相联系的。 六、根据以上的研究结果，提出了PSI，PSII在类囊体膜上的结构模式，并对其内容进行了分析和讨论。

高等植物PSI颗粒的分离提纯及其光破坏机理的初步探讨

从菠菜叶绿体中分离提纯PSI颗粒及其捕光天线色素蛋白复合物LHCI，对其光谱特性进行分析。对PSI颗粒中色素和蛋白的光破坏进程，并对外加组氨酸、Triton，以及温度对PSI颗粒光破坏的影响等进行了比较系统的研究，以探讨PSI光破坏的机理。其主要结果如下： 1. 对PSI颗粒和LHCI色素蛋白复合物的荧光光谱的研究，发现PSI中Chlb所吸收的光能主要传递给LHCI中的“长波组分”（吸收波长大于P700的Chla）。 2. 在PSI颗粒光破坏进程的研究中发现，Chla中吸收波长较长的组分首先发生光破坏;位于PSI颗粒外围的LHCI上的Chlb，也容易受到光破坏;Car先于Chlb发生光破坏。在光照处理过程中，PSI的天线色素蛋白复合物LHCI多肽降解程度大于反应中心多肽组分（PsaA，PsaB）的降解，其中LHCI-680首先由于光破坏而发生降解。PsaD也是容易受到光破坏而发生降解的一个多肽。另外，还发现在长时间光照后有蛋白聚合现象发生。 3. 在PSI颗粒中外加单线态氧的淬灭剂组氨酸，分析不同光强光照处理过程中组氨酸对PSI颗粒中色素和多肽光破坏的保护作用，发现外加组氨酸对强光照（2300μEm-2s-1）引起的叶绿素光吸收减少和CD信号减弱的有效抑制表现出一个明显的延迟期，但对强光诱导的荧光产量下降的效应却能立即表现出来;在强光照前期和弱光照（300μEm-2s-1）条件下，组氨酸不能抑制PSI颗粒的光吸收下降。另外，外加组氨酸除了对反应中心多肽有光保护作用以外，对PSI中其它多肽也有显著的保护作用。 4. 用不同浓度的Triton处理PSI颗粒，发现较低浓度的Triton可以增大叶绿素的光吸收和PSI颗粒的荧光产量，而不对PSI颗粒的多肽组成造成影响;当Triton浓度达到一定的程度时，虽然不会影响PSI颗粒的多肽组成，但是会使其光吸收减少，荧光产量下降;而当Triton浓度过高时，PSI颗粒的多肽会发生降解现象，同时其光吸收和荧光产量也迅速下降。Triton浓度较低时，PSI颗粒光破坏的程度随Triton浓度的增大而增大，当Triton浓度增大到一定的程度时，PSI颗粒的光破坏程度同Triton浓度不再呈明显的正相关。 5. 对PSI颗粒进行不同温度的热处理，其结果表明：温度较低（20 ℃～40 ℃）的热处理对PSI颗粒的多肽和叶绿素光吸收的影响程度很小，照光后不同温度热处理过的PSI颗粒光吸收减少和多肽降解的程度相近;温度较高（50 ℃～60 ℃）的热处理会对PSI颗粒的结构产生影响，使之稳定性减小，对光处理更敏感;温度更高（大于70 ℃）的热处理会破坏PSI颗粒的结构，引起多肽组分的降解。另外，不同的多肽对热处理的敏感性显著不同。 6. 低温（4 ℃）和常温（20 ℃）下PSI颗粒光破坏的比较发现，室温下PSI颗粒的光破坏程度明显大于低温下光破坏的程度，表明光处理过程中温度会影响到PSI颗粒光破坏的程度。 通过上述的研究结果，分析了PSI颗粒光破坏过程中色素和蛋白的变化及其外界因子的影响，对PSI颗粒光破坏的机制进行了初步的探讨。

Isolation of PSI from a siphonous marine green alga, Codium fragile

Three different forms of PS I complexes were isolated from a siphonous marine green alga, Codium fragile, by Triton X-100 sucrose gradient centrifugation. Zone III had a Chl a/b>20, and designated as PS I. core complex CC I because it created only CP I band in mild PAGE. Zone IV and V had absorption at 436 and 674 nm, 467 and 650 nm, and 540 nm, suggesting the presence of Chl a, Chl b, siphonaxanthin and siphonein, Chl a/b were 3.23 and 2.4, respectively. Both CP I and CP I a bands were observed when they were subjected to mild PAGE. Therefore, Zone IV and V were different forms of PS I complexes that consisted of CC I and different amount of light-harvesting complex LHC I. Zone III contained only 66 and 56 ku peptides in SDS-PAGE, while Zone IV and V had 4 different LHC I peptides of 25, 26, 26.2 and 27.5 ku in addition to 66, 56 ku peptides. Fluorescence emission spectra showed that efficient energy transfer were kept among pigments in isolated PS I complexes. Excitation energy absorbed by Chl b, siphonaxanthin and siphonein can be transferred to Chl a.

管藻目绿藻 PSI 和 PSII 结构特异性研究

测定了管藻目绿藻刺松藻和假根羽藻的叶状体、叶绿体及类囊体膜的吸收光谱和低温荧光光谱，并同软丝藻等5种非管藻目绿藻和菠菜进行了比较。证实绿藻普遍缺少作为高等植物 PSI 标志的 730nm 的低温长波荧光，其长波发射峰在 710 ～ 715nm 以及 695nm 荧光也不明显。采用和的 PAGE 法从刺松藻、假根羽藻、软丝藻和菠菜中分别得到 11 种、11 种、7 种和 9 种色素蛋白复合物，并测定了各复合物的分子量、Chl a/b、叶绿素的分布、多肽组成和结构关系，以及吸收光谱、低温荧光发射和激发光谱等各种光谱特性。刺松藻和假根羽藻的 CPIa_(1-2) 复合物的荧光发射主峰分别在 698、690 和 685nm，软丝藻 CPIa 在 715nm，菠菜 CPIa_(1-2) 分别在 729 和 722nm。两种管藻目绿藻的 LHCI 与 CII 的结合程度较菠菜和软丝藻更紧密，其 CPI 复合物中仍含有一定量的，710 ～ 715nm 荧光呈隐现状态。用二次 PAGE 法将刺松藻和假根羽藻的 CPIa 和 CIP 再分离，得到 PSI 的捕光复合 LHCI，为管藻黄素-Chl a/b-蛋白复合物， Chl a/b=1.2，含有 27.5、26.2、26 和 24.5kDa 四种多肽，77K 荧光峰在 682 ～ 683nm。LHCI 没有发射高等植物 730nm 荧光的相应组分是管藻目绿藻缺少 730nm 荧光的主要原因。核心复合物 CCI 含有 67 和 56kDa 两种多肽，与软丝藻和菠菜相似，但 3 种藻类核心复合物的 77K 荧光峰在 715nm，而菠菜在 720nm。刺松藻和假根羽藻有 LHCI 存在时，715nm 荧光峰不明显，随着 LHCI 的解离，荧光逐渐显现。刺松藻 PSI 中与 CCI 结合最紧密的是 LHCI 的 27.5 和 24.5kDa 多肽，两个 26 kDa 多肽的结合较为松散。用差速离心法对刺松藻、假根羽藻、软丝藻及菠菜的 PSI 颗粒进行了初步的分离。PSI 粗提物的 77K 长波荧光发射峰分别在 710、712、713 和 730nm，与 PAGE 法得到的结果相符。刺松藻和假根羽藻的 PSII 核心复合物 CPa 与菠菜相同，都含有两个 33kDa 核心多肽及 40 ～ 47 kDa 的内天线蛋白。从两种管藻目绿藻中首次分离到 6 种 LHCII 捕光复合物，其中 LHCP_(1-3)，四种都是管藻黄素- Chl a/b-蛋白复合物， Chl a/b=0.7 ～ 0.9。刺松藻和假根羽藻中含量最高、最稳定的捕光复合物是分子量最大的 LHCP_1 由 34.4、31.5、29.5、28.1 和 26.5kDa 多肽构成，其中 34.4 和 31.5kDa 多肽在菠菜和软丝藻中没有对应组分。LHCP_1 再分离结果表明，分子量较小的捕光复合物都是 LHCP_1 的组成部分，但分子量最小的 Fca_1 和 Fca_2 与其它复合物的关系尚不确定。31.5 和 29.5 kDa 多肽是 LHCP_1 的核心，34.4、28.1 和 26.5kDa 多肽位于外侧；整个 LHCP_1 以 28.1 和 26.5kDa 多肽与 CCII 紧密结合，构成 PSII。根据刺松藻和假根羽藻光系统结构及其特异性的研究结果，提出了一个管藻目绿藻 PSI 和 PSII 色素蛋白复合物结构关系模型，并与高等植物的模型做了比较。讨论了光合作用两个光系统结构和特性的进化过程，指出 730nm 低温荧光峰不能作为管藻目乃至非管藻目绿藻 PSI 的表征。管藻目绿藻同杂色藻类在这方面有相似性。

微碳深冲钢板的非｛111｝织构特征及其对r,△r值的影响

From St15 micro-carbon deep drawing steel sheets, two sets of samples with (r) over bar variant and Deltar constant, and (r) over bar constant and Deltar variant, were selected to carry out texture measurement and ODF analysis. A description of the texture characteristics and an investigation on the effect of the main textures on the (r) over bar and Deltar values were given. The results show that in the tested steel sheets no desired gamma < 111 > parallel to ND orientation line appears but gamma' orientation line located at <(<Psi>)over bar>=0-90 degrees, theta =19 degrees and phi =45 degrees, and L orientation line located around gamma < 111 > parallel to ND orientation line which spirally rotates from Psi =0 degrees, theta =54.7 degrees and phi =62.7 degrees to Psi =90 degrees, theta =40 degrees and phi =45 degrees occur. Among them, the L orientation line has a main influence on the (r) over bar value and the stronger the texture density, the higher the (r) over bar value is, but is somewhat detrimental to the Deltar value; at the same time, the gamma' orientation line has a major effect on the Deltar value in an opposite way, but is somewhat deteriorative to the (r) over bar value. A strong L orientation line superposed by a relatively strong gamma' orientation line may produce fine (r) over bar and Deltar values.

The Heterogeneous Growth of P(3MeTh)--An Ellipsometric Study

Successive thicker P(3MeTh) layers are analysed by ex situ conventional and imaging ellipsometry. Thin films display a smooth surface, are compact and homogeneous while for a growth charge above 20 mC cm(-2) the polymer structure modifies to a still uniform but less dense layer. A two-layer model is used and a mathematical procedure is developed to obtain, simultaneously, from the experimental ellipsometric parameters, Delta and Psi, the thickness and the complex refractive index of P(3MeTh) films grown up to 80 mC cm(-2). Thicker polymer layers are disordered and present a high degree of surface roughness. 

On the Formation of Periodic Segmentation Cracks in a Coating Plated on a Substrate with Periodic Subsurface Inclusions

The mechanism of the formation of periodic segmentation cracks of a coating plated on a substrate with periodic subsurface inclusions (PSI) is investigated. The internal stress in coating and subsequently the strain energy release rate (SERR) of the segmentation cracks are computed with finite element method (FEM). And the effect of the geometrical parameters of the PSI is studied. The results indicate that the ratio of the width of the inclusion to the period of the repeated structure has an optimum value, at which the maximum internal tensile stress and SERR arise. On the other hand, the ratio of the max-thickness of the inclusion to the thickness of the coating has a threshold value, above which the further increase of this ratio should seldom influence the internal stress or the SERR.

On the tensile behaviors of a hard chromium coating plated on a steel substrate with periodic subsurface inclusions

The tensile behaviors of a hard chromium coating plated on a steel substrate with periodic laser pre-quenched regions have been investigated by experimental and theoretic analysis. In the experiment, three specimens are adopted to study the differences between homogeneous and periodic inhomogeneous substrates as well as between periodic inhomogeneous substrate of relatively softer and stiffer materials. The unique characteristics have been observed in the specimen of periodic inhomogeneous substrate under quasi-static tension loading. With the periodic laser pre-quenched regions being treated as periodic subsurface inclusions (PSI), the unique stress/strain pattern of the specimen is obtained by analytical modeling and FEM analysis, and the mechanisms accounting for the experimental results is preliminarily illustrated.

Quantum and variational monte-carlo interaction potentials for li2 (x1-sigma-g+)

Optimized trial functions are used in quantum Monte Carlo and variational Monte Carlo calculations of the Li₂(X ¹Σ⁺_g) potential curve. The trial functions used are a product of a Slater determinant of molecular orbitals multiplied by correlation functions of electron—nuclear and electron—electron separation. The parameters of the determinant and correlation functions are optimized simultaneously by reducing the deviations of the local energy E_L (E_L  &Psi;⁻¹_TH&Psi;_T, where &Psi;_T denotes a trial function) over a fixed sample. At the equilibrium separation, the variational Monte Carlo and quantum Monte Carlo methods recover 68% and 98% of the correlation energy, respectively. At other points on the curves, these methods yield similar accuracies.

Magnetostatic configuration of a confined magnetic-flux tube

In this paper an isolated magnetic flux tube confined in stratified atmosphere is studied for slender and axisymmetric model. The functions of the pressure, density, and temperature are expanded as a Taylor series of magnetic surface function psi. Several models of an isolated magnetic flux tube confined in a stratified atmosphere are constructed, and the external pressure of the stratified atmosphere decreases reasonably with increasing height. The distribution of thermal dynamic quantities and the magnetic pressure in the flux tube are also obtained.

An automatic imaging spectroscopic ellipsometer for characterization of nano-film pattern on solid substrate

In order to characterize the physical and spatial properties of nano-film pattern on solid substrates, an automatic imaging spectroscopic ellipsometer (ISE) based on a polarizer - compensator - specimen - analyzer configuration in the visible region is presented. It can provide the spectroscopic ellipsometric parameters psi (x, y, lambda) and Delta (x, y, lambda) of a large area specimen with a lateral resolution in the order of some microns. A SiO2 stepped layers pattern is used to demonstrate the function of the ISE which shows potential application in thin film devices' such as high-throughput bio-chips.