7 resultados para PRP

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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采用改进的BP神经网络模型模拟水力旋流器的油水分离过程.根据水力旋流器的实际运行条件,确定旋流器模型设计中的优化神经网络结构,将遗传算法用于优化三层BP神经网络的初始权重,采用PRP共轭梯度法优化BP算法.结果表明,采用人工神经网络模型预测油水分离水力旋流器的分离性能是切实可行的,它能成功地模拟旋流器的分离过程,进而实现旋流器操作控制的优化.

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OsPRP1是水稻中特有的,编码一类富含脯氨酸蛋白(proline-rich protein, PRP)的基因家族,该家族有4个成员。在GenBank中,仅找到了一个结构相对接近的玉米PRP蛋白,但是对它的研究仅限于序列上的某些描述,而且在序列上,仍然与这4个OsPRP1蛋白有明显的差别。OsPRP1蛋白明显有别于前人(1999)所描述的4类PRP蛋白。它们是植物中一类新的小分子量的PRP蛋白,仅有一个保守结构域而属于DUF1210蛋白超家族的成员。 四个OsPRP1基因在基因组中紧密串联排列,而且编码区高度保守,基因结构也高度一致,证明它们来源于同一个祖先基因,是通过基因复制的方式产生的。PAML分析也证明它们在进化时间上的相互距离并不远。而在进化过程中由于执行生理功能上的某种重要性,在编码区表现出很的保守性,因而很难在RNA水平和蛋白水平上研究四个OsPRP1基因的表达差异。但是它们在表达调节区(如启动子区)显示出明显的差异。在克隆启动子的基础上,用GUS报告基因的策略,没有检测到它们在拟南芥中的表达活性,说明它们具有一定的种属特异性。而在水稻中,这四个基因的表达显示出了明显的时序和空间差异,既表现出在组织器官及其发育阶段上的特异性和变化,又在一定程度上表现出交叉,出现了功能上的分化和重叠。根据启动子区上的顺式元件,检测了这些基因对6种植物生长调节物质和3种非生物胁迫因子的应答反应,证明它们的表达调节也表现出显著的差异和分化。因此,四个基因的进化出现了功能退化、亚功能化和产生新功能等多种命运,比理论模型预期的要复杂得多,可能在执行生理功能和对环境反应上具有各自的生物学意义。 植物细胞壁是多种碳水化合物和蛋白质相互交织在一起的亲水性网络。在保护和支撑原生质、细胞通信、细胞分化、细胞对生物的和非生物胁迫的抗性等方面发挥着重要作用。目前已知的大多数植物PRP蛋白被描述成细胞壁结构性蛋白。OsPRP1基因家族编码的蛋白质都有一个N-端信号肽,暗示它们可能是一类分泌蛋白。我们用OsPRP1.1::GFP融合蛋白进行了亚细胞定位,证明了OsPRP1蛋白的确也是细胞壁相关蛋白。用原核表达体系表达了GST-融合蛋白,制备抗体,通过免疫印迹证明这些蛋白不溶于温和的提取缓冲溶液中,但可以被高盐和强碱溶液溶解,且分子量增加了三倍。证明在体内可能出现修饰、与细胞壁其它组分相交联的现象。 在这四个基因中,只有OsPRP1.2能够在水稻根中特异表达。根的原位杂交实验证明,OsPRP1在分化成熟程度低的细胞中大量表达,而在分化成熟程度高的细胞中几乎不表达。GUS染色的结果同样发现,基因在维管柱特别是中柱鞘附近的薄壁细胞的表达比别的细胞要强得多,而且在根的生长方向上表现出与发育相关的表达特征。说明OsPRP1基因可能参与了这些细胞的分化、发育过程。而基因表达的组织器官特异性的差异和对不同刺激因素的不同反应意味着它们可能参与了多种生理过程。为此构建了一个RNAi的表达载体,转化水稻,Southern杂交实验得到9个单位点插入的T2代独立株系,其中有6个株系与野生型对照相比,主根的早期伸长受到显著抑制,主根的一级侧根地数量减少,根尖分生区的细胞在轴向上的伸长受到了抑制。结合表达定位和原位杂交的结果,我们对它们在植物生长发育中的功能进行了深入探讨。

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养分回收是植物衰老时,养分从衰老组织向活的组织体转移的一种过程。该过程延长了养分在植物体内的滞留时间,提高了植物保持养分的能力,因此是植物适应养分贫瘠生境的策略之一。全球气候变化,包括降水格局改变和氮(N)沉降增加,改变了生态系统正常的生物地球化学循环,因此可能会对植物的养分回收特性产生影响。研究不同N、磷(P)、水梯度上,植物物种养分回收特性的响应格局,对于预测N沉降增加和降水格局改变对物种养分利用策略的潜在影响,具有一定的理论与实践意义。本研究以中国科学院植物研究所多伦恢复生态学实验站长期施N肥实验(0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64 g N m-2 yr-1等8个水平)为研究平台研究了克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)群落中优势植物养分回收随N素添加梯度的变化,同时结合三个盆栽控制实验(施N肥实验:0,0.5,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 g N m-2等10个水平;施P肥实验:梯度同施N肥实验;控水实验:3600,4000,4500,5143,6000,7200,9000,12000,18000,36000 mL pot-1等10个水平),主要探讨了羊草(Leymus chinensis)养分回收效率(从衰老组织中回收转移的养分百分数,RE)和养分回收度(以枯叶中养分浓度衡量,RP)以及其它叶片养分特性(绿叶养分浓度和比叶面积SLA)对环境因子改变的响应格局。同时,我们还调查了枯叶C:N比和C:P比等参数,研究环境因子改变对凋落物分解的影响。 1)连续4年施N肥显著降低了五个物种叶片N素回收度(NRP),对P素回收度(PRP)的影响在各物种间差异较大,但低N提高了多数物种的PRP;物种间,冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)RP(枯叶N和P浓度分别为14.3±2.0 mg g-1和0.68±0.09 mg g-1)最低,砂韭(Allium bidentatum)(N:5.2±0.2 mg g-1,P:0.12±0.01 mg g-1)最高。沿施N梯度,N素回收效率(NRE)的变化趋势在物种间差异较小但在方法间(叶干重水平,叶面积水平和单株水平)差异较大,而P素回收效率(PRE)的变化在物种间和方法间差别都较大。叶干重水平和叶面积水平上,NRE在四个物种中表现出显著降低的趋势,PRE只在糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)和星毛委陵菜(Potentilla acaulis)中显著降低,其它三个物种变化不显著。单株水平上,所有物种NRE(除了克氏针茅)和PRE均与施N量梯度无显著性关系。物种间,砂韭的RE最高(>80.0%),冷蒿和星毛委陵菜最低(<60.0%)。方法间,叶片水平上的RE均高于单株水平上。沿施N肥梯度,两个禾本科物种SLA无显著变化规律,而其它三个物种SLA表现出先增加后变化不大的趋势。物种间,最高和最低的SLA分别表现在冷蒿和克氏针茅。沿施N肥梯度,五个物种C:N比呈先显著降低后缓慢降低的趋势。物种间,最大和最小的C:N比分别出现在砂韭和冷蒿。 2)盆栽施N肥实验中,一定范围内,施N肥显著提高了羊草地上地下生物量、SLA和绿叶N浓度,显著降低了C:N比、NRP、NRE和PRE,但对绿叶P浓度、叶片PRP和C:P比无明显影响。平均枯叶N浓度和枯叶P浓度分别为16.2 mg g-1和1.01 mg g-1,平均NRE和PRE分别为46.1﹪和58.1﹪。10月时,地下生物量和养分积累均高于地上部分。 3)盆栽施P肥实验中,一定范围内,施P肥显著地提高了羊草地上地下生物量、SLA、绿叶N浓度和绿叶P浓度,显著降低了C:N比、C:P比、NRP、PRP和PRE,但对NRE无显著影响。平均枯叶N浓度和枯叶P浓度分别为9.9 mg g-1和7.43 mg g-1,平均NRE和PRE分别为58.2﹪,平均PRE为56.1﹪。10月时地下部分生物量和N库积累均高于地上部分,而P库在两个部分间差别不大。 4)盆栽控水实验中,一定范围内,供水量增加显著增加了羊草地上地下生物量、SLA、NRP、PRP、PRE、C:N比和C:P比,显著降低了绿叶N浓度,但对绿叶P浓度和NRE无显著性影响。平均枯叶N浓度和枯叶P浓度分别为10.4 mg g-1和0.32 mg g-1,平均NRE和PRE分别为54.4﹪和76.8﹪。10月时,地下部分生物量和养分积累均高于地上部分。 以上结果表明,N、P和水分因子的改变影响了植物生物量和养分分配、叶片养分特性、养分回收能力以及枯叶分解质量等,且不同梯度影响程度也不同。因此,未来全球变化包括N沉降增加和降水格局改变可能影响植物养分利用策略和凋落物分解特性,进而可能对植被-土壤系统养分循环产生影响。

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“分光光度法测定单一稀土元素的研究”论文包括三部分内容:一、用导数分光光度法测定单一稀土元素。研究了稀土离子-钛铁试剂水溶液体系的三阶及四阶导数吸收光谱。在0.05-0.3N的NaOH溶液中,Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm与钛铁试剂形成具有f-f跃迁吸收光谱的络合物。在350-810nm波长区间它们有各自的特征吸收峰。其高阶导数光谱不仅灵敏度增大了许多倍,且选择性也有较大的提高。如对钕的测定是特效的,而其它稀土之间虽然存在着程度不同的干扰,但用校正系数法均可方便地扣除这些干扰。本体系的常规吸收光谱的灵敏度是高氯酸体系的1.5-19.5倍,三阶导数(半峰)灵敏度是高氯酸盐的常规吸收光谱法的6-166倍,四阶导数则为其的22-401倍。如以峰-峰法测量四阶导数光谱,铒的导数摩尔吸光系数已达3.62 * 10~3。温度对导数光谱略有影响,但可以通过简单方法校正。本文拟定了用稀土-钛铁试剂的高阶导数光度法测定混合稀土中Pr、Nd、Sm、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm的方法,和文献报导的导数光度法相比,本法具有灵敏度高、分析的元素多,不用有机溶剂等优点,适合于各种混合稀土氧化物中Pr、Nd、Sm、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm的准确快速测定。二、钸-钛铁试剂显色反应机理的探讨及混合稀土中钸和铕的测定。钛铁试剂与钸、铕有形成在可见光谱区域具有光谱吸收的络合物。铕的络合物在420nm处的摩尔吸光系数为75。本文着重对于钸和钛试剂的显色反应机理进行了探讨。通过各种实验证实只有四阶钸和钛铁试剂形成红色络合物(其最大吸收峰位于500nm,摩尔吸光系数为4128)。而三阶钸与钛铁试剂仅能形成无色络合物。但在碱性介质中, 空气或浓度中的氧可将三阶钸的络合物迅速氧化为四价钸的红色络合物。因此,不需要预先将三价钸氧化后再进行显色,可直接在形成三价钸的络合物后,再通过空气氧化来显色。从而提出了分光光度法准确快速测定混合稀土中百分之十到万分之几的钸的简便方法。此外,拟定了在微酸性溶液中分光光度法测定混合稀土中铕的分析方法,除大量的钸和镱外,其它稀土对铕的测定无干扰。三、计算光度分析法测定单一稀土元素的探讨。本工作采用三个显色体系(二甲酚橙、偶氮氯膦III、均三氯偶氮胂),达到了用计算光度分析法同时测定多个单一稀土元素的目的。比较了全主元高斯消长法、求病态方程组解的方法、抛物线拟合法,黄金分割法,BFS变R度法,布罗伊佥变R度法,梯度牛顿法、PRP其轭梯度法、FR共轭梯度法、包维尔算法、可变多面体方法,线性规划改进的单纯形法,可变误差多面体方法,网格法,复合形法等十七个计算方法的结果,着重探扩充了测定点数、波长位置、目标函数、约束条件、组分数目、组分含量范围及实验误差、一个体系和多个体系对结果的影响。获得了一些有指导意义的经验规律。其中以抛物线拟合、黄金分割、可变误差多面体等方法较为优越。合成样品五组分和八组分混合稀土氧化物分析获得较为满意的结果。

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A pattern recognition protein (PRP), lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) cDNA was cloned from the haemocyte of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis by the techniques of homology cloning and RACE. Analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the full-length cDNA of 1,275 bp has an open reading frame of 1,098 bp encoding a protein of 366 amino acids including a 17 amino acid signal peptide. Sequence comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of F. chinensis LGBP showed a high identity of 94%, 90%, 87%, 72% and 63% with Penaeus monodon BGBP, Litopenaeus stylirostris LGBP, Marsupenaeu japonicus BGBP, Homarus gammarus BGBP and Pacifastacus leniusculus LGBP, respectively. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is 39,857 Da with a deduced pI of 4.39. Two putative integrin binding motifs, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and a potential recognition motif for beta-1,3-linkage of polysaccharides were observed in LGBP sequence. RT-PCR analysis showed that LGBP gene expresses in haemocyte and hepatopancreas only, but not in other tissues. Capillary electrophoresis RT-PCR method was used to quantify the variation of mRNA transcription level during artificial infection with heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum and Staphylococcus aureusin. A significant enhancement of LGBP transcription was appeared at 6 h post-injection in response to bacterial infection. These results have provided useful information to understand the function of LGBP in shrimp.

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Lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) play a crucial role in the innate immune response of invertebrates as a pattern recognition protein (PRP). The scallop LGBP gene was obtained from Chlamys farreri challenged by Vibrio anguillarum by randomly sequencing cDNA clones from a whole body cDNA library, and by fully sequencing a clone with homology to known LGBP genes. The scallop LGBP consisted of 1876 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly(A) tail, encoding a polypeptide of 440 amino acids with the estimated molecular mass of 47.16 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.095. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high similarity to that of invertebrate recognition proteins from blue shrimp, black tiger shrimp, mosquito, freshwater crayfish, earthworms, and sea urchins, with conserved features including a potential polysaccharide-binding motif, a glucanase motif, and N-glycosylation sites. The temporal expression of LGBP genes in healthy and V. anguillarum-challenged C farreri scallop, measured by real-time semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), showed that expression was up-regulated initially, followed by recovery as the stimulation cleared. Results indicated that scallop LGBP was a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein that could play a critical role in scallop-pathogen interaction. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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C-type lectin is a family of Ca2+ dependent carbohydrate-recognition proteins which play crucial roles in the innate immunity of invertebrates by mediating the recognition of host cells to pathogens and clearing microinvaders as a pattern recognition protein (PRP). The cDNA of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri C-type lectin (designated CFLec-1) was cloned by expressed sequence tag (EST) and RACE techniques. The full-length cDNA of CFLec-1 was 1785 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 66 bp and an unusually long 3' UTR of 1040 bp with seven polyadenylation signal sequences AATAAA and a poly(A) tail. The CFLec-1 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 221 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 15 amino acid residues and a mature protein of 206 amino acids. Analysis of the protein domain features indicated a typical long-form carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of 130 residues in the CFLec-1 deduced amino acid sequence. The expression pattern of CFLec-1 transcripts in healthy and bacterial challenged scallops was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. mRNA transcripts of CFLec-1 could be mainly detected in the tissues of haemocytes, gill, gonad and mantle of unchallenged scallops, whereas the expression of CFLec-1 transcripts was increased in all the tested tissues after heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The temporal expression of CFLec-1 mRNA in haemolymph challenged by Micrococcus luteus and V anguillarum was both up-regulated and reached the maximum level at 8 and 16 It post stimulation, respectively, and then dropped back to the original level. In order to investigate its immune functions, CFLec- I was recombined and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS as a fusion protein with thioredoxin. The recombinant CFLec-1 agglutinated bacteria E. coli JM109 in vitro, and the agglutination was Ca2+ dependent which could be inhibited by EDTA. But it did not agglutinate M. luteus, Candida lipolytica and animal erythrocytes including rabbit, rat, mouse, chicken, human group A, human group B, human group O. Meanwhile, the recombinant CFLec-1 could inhibit the growth of both E. coli JM 109 and M. luteus, but no inhibition activity against V anguillarum. These result indicated that CFLec-1 was a constitutive and inducible PRP which was involved in the reorganization and clearance of invaders in scallop. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.