A Research on New Method of Transportation Technics for Heavy Oil and Practice in Oil Field

介绍一种可应用于高粘度稠油管输的新工艺。即用自行研制的蒸汽引射器采用无界引射方式,将蒸汽直接注入到输油管道中,利用蒸汽释放的热量提高稠油温度降低粘度,从而达到降低稠油输送压降的目的,它比间接加热输送工艺所用的蒸汽量或耗煤量大大减少。方法在辽河油田输油管线上进行了工业现场试验,取得了很好的效果。

Experimental study and simulation principles of an oil-gas multiphase transportation system

Presented is an experimental study on the performance of an oil-gas multiphase transportation system, especially on the multiphase flow patterns, multiphase pumping and multiphase metering of the system. A dynamic simulation analysis is conducted to deduce simulation parameters of the system and similarity criteria under simplified conditions are obtained. The reliability and feasibility of two-phase flow experiment with oil and natural gas simulated by water and air are discussed by using the similarity criteria.

Partition Energy Absorption of Axially Crushed Aluminum Foam-Filled Hat Sections

The "interaction effect" between aluminum foam and metal column that takes place when foam-filled hat sections (top-hats and double-hats) are axially crushed was investigated in this paper. Based on experimental examination, numerical simulation and analytical models, a systemic approach was developed to partition the energy absorption quantitatively into the foam filler component and the hat section component, and the relative contribution of each component to the overall interaction effect was therefore evaluated. Careful observation of the collapse profile found that the crushed foam filler could be further divided into two main energy-dissipation regions: densified region and extremely densified region. The volume reduction and volumetric strain of each region were empirically estimated. An analytical model pertinent to the collapse profile was thereafter proposed to find the more precise relationship between the volume reduction and volumetric strain of the foam filler. Combined the superfolding element model for hat sections with the current model according to the coupled method, each component energy absorption was subsequently derived, and the influence of some controlling factors was discussed. According to the finite element analysis and the theoretical modeling, when filled with foam, energy absorption was found to be increased both in the hat section and the foam filler, whereas the latter contributes predominantly to the interaction effect. The formation of the extremely densified region in the foam filler accounts for this effect.

Shock wave diffraction by a square cavity filled with dusty gas

A simple two-dimensional square cavity model is used to study shock attenuating effects of dust suspension in air. The GRP scheme for compressible flows was extended to simulate the fluid dynamics of dilute dust suspensions, employing the conventional two-phase approximation. A planar shock of constant intensity propagated in pure air over Aat ground and diffracted into a square cavity filled with a dusty quiescent suspension. Shock intensities were M-s = 1.30 and M-s = 2.032, dust loading ratios were alpha = 1 and alpha = 5, and particle diameters were d = 1, 10 and 50 mum. It was found that the diffraction patterns in the cavity were decisively attenuated by the dust suspension, particularly for the higher loading ratio. The particle size has a pronounced effect on the flow and wave pattern developed inside the cavity. Wall pressure historics were recorded for each of the three cavity walls, showing a clear attenuating effect of the dust suspension.

Simulations of oil spread on a water surface

Numerical simulation of an oil slick spreading on still and wavy surfaces is described in this paper. The so-called sigma transformation is used to transform the time-varying physical domain into a fixed calculation domain for the water wave motions and, at the same time, the continuity equation is changed into an advection equation of wave elevation. This evolution equation is discretized by the forward time and central space scheme, and the momentum equations by the projection method. A damping zone is set up in front of the outlet boundary coupled with a Sommerfeld-Orlanski condition at that boundary to minimize the wave reflection. The equations for the oil slick are depth-averaged and coupled with the water motions when solving numerically. As examples, sinusoidal and solitary water waves, the oil spread on a smooth plane and on still and wavy water surfaces are calculated to examine the accuracy of simulating water waves by Navier-Stokes equations, the effect of damping zone on wave reflection and the precise structures of oil spread on waves.

Numerical Simulation of Particle Separation in An Oil-Sand Separator

The gathering systems of crude oil are greatly endangered by the fine sand and soil in oil. Up to now , how to separate sand from the viscid oil is still a technical problem for oil production home or abroad. Recently , Institute of Mechanics in Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a new type of oil-sand separator , which has been applied successfully in oil field in situ. In this paper, the numerical method of vortex-stream function is used to predict the liquid-solid separating course and the efficiency for this oil-sand separator. Results show that the viscosity and particle diameter have much influence on the particle motion. The calculating separating efficiency is compared with that of experiment and indicates that this method can be used to model the complex two-phase flow in the separator.

Mechanics of a grip system of three-key-board hydraulic tongs developed for offshore oil pipe lines

This paper carries out the analysis of mechanics of a grip system of three-key-board hydraulic tongs developed for offshore oil pipe lines which has been successfully used in oil fields in China. The main improvement of this system is that a lever frame structure is used in the structural design, which reduces greatly the stresses of the major components of the oil pipe tongs. Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation based on thirteen basic equations developed Show that the teeth board of the tongs is not easy to slip as frequently happens to other systems and is of higher reliability.

The damage evaluation of rigid particle filled polymer

In this paper, the rigid particle filled polymer is studied in the hope to understand the real damage mechanisms. Two damage parameters were introduced and measured. One is the macro-damage of the materials calculated from the modulus measured, another is micro-damage describing the interfacial debonding or the percentage of the particle debonded from the matrix. The damage rate of the macro damage decreases, while the micro damage increases with the applied stress.

Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow Inside T-Junction

The oil/water two-phase flow inside T-junctions was numerically simulated with a 3-D two-fluid model, and the turbulence was described using the mixture k - epsilon model. Some experiments of oil/water flow inside a single T-junction were conducted in the laboratory. The results show that the separating performance of T-junction largely depends oil the inlet volumetric fraction and flow patterns. A reasonable agreement is reached between the numerical simulation and the experiments for both the oil fraction distribution and the separation efficiency.

Experimental Investigation On The Slip Between Oil And Water In Horizontal Pipes

This work is devoted to study of the slip phenomenon between phases in water-oil two-phase flow in horizontal pipes. The emphasis is placed on the effects of input fluids flow rates, pipe diameter and viscosities of oil phase on the slip. Experiments were conducted to measure the holdup in two horizontal pipes with 0.05 m diameter and 0.025 m diameter, respectively, using two different viscosities of white oil and tap water as liquid phases. Results showed that the ratios of in situ oil to water velocity at the pipe of small diameter are higher than those at the pipe of big diameter when having same input flow rates. At low input water flow rate, there is a large deviation on the holdup between two flow systems with different oil viscosities and the deviation becomes gradually smaller with further increased input water flow rate. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Experimental Investigation On The Holdup Distribution Of Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow In Horizontal Parallel Tubes

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the holdup distribution of oil and water two-phase flow in two parallel tubes with unequal tube diameter. Tests were performed using white oil (of viscosity 52 mPa s and density 860 kg/m(3)) and tap water as liquid phases at room temperature and atmospheric outlet pressure. Measurements were taken of water flow rates from 0.5 to 12.5 m(3)/h and input oil volume fractions from 3 to 94 %. Results showed that there were different flow pattern maps between the run and bypass tubes when oil-water two-phase flow is found in the parallel tubes. At low input fluid flow rates, a large deviation could be found on the average oil holdup between the bypass and the run tubes. However, with increased input oil fraction at constant water flow rate, the holdup at the bypass tube became close to that at the run tube. Furthermore, experimental data showed that there was no significant variation in flow pattern and holdup between the run and main tubes. In order to calculate the holdup in the form of segregated flow, the drift flux model has been used here.

A coupled model for multiphase fluid flow and sedimentation deformation in oil reservoir and its numerical simulation

A mathematical model for coupled multiphase fluid flow and sedimentation deformation is developed based on fluid-solid interaction mechanism. A finite difference-finite element numerical approach is presented. The results of an example show that the fluid-solid coupled effect has great influence on multiphase fluid flow and reservoir recovery performances, and the coupled model has practical significance for oilfield development.

Shock-induced two-phase flows in an aligned baffle system filled with suspended particles

This paper describes the shock propagation through a dilute gas-particle suspension in an aligned baffle system. Numerical solution to two-phase flows induced by a planar shock wave is given based on the two-continuum model with interphase coupling. The governing equations are numerically solved by using high-resolution schemes. The computational results show the shock reflection and diffraction patterns, and the shock-induced flow fields in the 4-baffle system filled with the dusty gas.

Distribution, stability, bifurcations and catastrophe of steady rotation of a symmetrical heavy gyroscope with viscous-liquid-filled cavity

The number, the angles of orientation and the stability in Rumyantsev Movchan's sense of oblique steady rotations of a symmetric heavy gyroscope with a cavity completely filled with a uniform viscous liquid, possessing a fixed point 0 on its symmetric axis. are given for various values of the parameters. By taking the square of the upright component of the angular momentum M2 as a control parameter, three types of bifurcation diagrams of the steady rotations, two types of jumps and two kinds of local catastrophes, one being the symmetric reduced cusp type and the other being of the symmetric reduced butterfly type, are obtained. By taking account of the M2-damping owing to the moment of unavoidable faint friction, two different modes for the gyroscope, initially in a stable quasi-steady upright rotation with a nutation angle theta(s) equal to zero, to topple over are found.