Reply to van Oven: Suggestions and caveats for naming mtDNA haplogroup

The authors thank all subjects for their participation and Mr. Wen-Zhi Wang for helpful assistance with the data analysis. This study was supported in part by grants (30725044) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

The Effects of Visual Object Size in The Depth Perception in KM Mouse

Whether mice perceive the depth of space dependent on the visual size of object targets was explored when visual cues such as perspective and partial occlusion in space were excluded. A mouse was placed on a platform the height of which is adjustable. The platform located inside a box in which all other walls were dark exception its bottom through that light was projected as a sole visual cue. The visual object cue was composed of 4x4 grids to allow a mouse estimating the distance of the platform relative to the grids. Three sizes of grids reduced in a proportion of 2/3 and seven distances with an equal interval between the platform and the grids at the bottom were applied in the experiments. The duration of a mouse staying on the platform at each height was recorded when the different sizes of the grids were presented randomly to test whether the Judgment of the mouse for the depth of the platform from the bottom was affected by the size information of the visual target. The results from all conditions of three object sizes show that time of mice staying on the platform became longer with the increase in height. In distance of 20 similar to 30 cm, the mice did not use the size information of a target to judge the depth, while mainly used the information of binocular disparity. In distance less than 20 cm or more than 30 cm, however, especially in much higher distance 50 cm, 60 cm and 70 cm, the mice were able to use the size information to do so in order to compensate the lack of binocular disparity information from both eyes. Because the mice have only 1/3 of the visual field that is binocular. This behavioral paradigm established in the current study is a useful model and can be applied to the experiments using transgenic mouse as an animal model to investigate the relationships between behaviors and gene functions.

The application of DBF neural networks for object recognition

On the basis of DBF nets proposed by Wang Shoujue, the model and properties of DBF neural network were discussed in this paper. When applied in pattern recognition, the algorithm and implement on hardware were presented respectively. We did experiments on recognition of omnidirectionally oriented rigid objects on the same level, using direction basis function neural networks, which acts by the method of covering the high dimensional geometrical distribution of the sample set in the feature space. Many animal and vehicle models (even with rather similar shapes) were recognized omnidirectionally thousands of times. For total 8800 tests, the correct recognition rate is 98.75%, the error rate and the rejection rate are 0.5% and 1.25% respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Object-recognition with oblique observation directions based on biomimetic pattern recognition

In this paper, we propose a new scheme for omnidirectional object-recognition in free space. The proposed scheme divides above problem into several onmidirectional object-recognition with different depression angles. An onmidirectional object-recognition system with oblique observation directions based on a new recognition theory-Biomimetic Pattern Recognition (BPR) is discussed in detail. Based on it, we can get the size of training samples in the onmidirectional object-recognition system in free space. Omnidirection ally cognitive tests were done on various kinds of animal models of rather similar shapes. For the total 8400 tests, the correct recognition rate is 99.89%. The rejection rate is 0.11% and on the condition of zero error rates. Experimental results are presented to show that the proposed approach outperforms three types of SVMs with either a three degree polynomial kernel or a radial basis function kernel.

Elliptic Object Detection Based on Shape Preserving and Active Contour

本文通过形状约束方程(组)与一般主动轮廓模型结合,将目标形状与主动轮廓模型融合到统一能量泛函模型中,提出了一种形状保持主动轮廓模型即曲线在演化过程中保持为某一类特定形状。模型通过参数化水平集函数的零水平集控制演化曲线形状,不仅达到了分割即目标的目的,而且能够给出特定目标的定量描述。根据形状保持主动轮廓模型,建立了一个用于椭圆状目标检测的统一能量泛函模型,导出了相应的Euler-Lagrange常微分方程并用水平集方法实现了椭圆状目标检测。此模型可以应用于眼底乳头分割,虹膜检测及相机标定。实验结果表明,此模型不仅能够准确的检测出给定图像中的椭圆状目标,而且有很强的抗噪、抗变形及遮挡性能。

Resolution deterioration in emission electron microscopy due to object roughness

In the present paper a general analytic expression has been obtained and confirmed by a computer simulation which links the surface roughness of an object under study in an emission electron microscope and it's resolution. A quantitative derivation was made for the model case when there is a step on the object surface. It was shown that the resolution is deteriorated asymmetrically relative to the step. The effect sets a practical limit to the ultimate lateral resolution obtainable in an emission electron microscope.

维持性血液透析患者认知功能特点研究

Objective: To study the episodic memory, semantic memory, cognitive planning ability and inhibition ability in MHD patients. Method: Neuropsychological research methods such as Action memory of verb-object phrase, Trail Making Test (A and B), Verbal Fluency Test, Go-No/Go test and Stroop Color Naming Task were used to investigate Episodic Memory 、Semantic Memory、Executive Function of 40 MHD and 40 NC. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS), Social Support Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, and biochemical examination were applied and their relationships with cognitive function were analized. The mean age and education level of MHD group and NC group have no significant difference. Result: 1.Action memory of verb-object phrase differed significantly between MHD group and NC group. 2.Two tests of Verbal Fluency differed significantly between MHD group and NC group. 3.Trail Making Test A, Trail Making Test B, the baseline condition of Go-No/Go Test and Stroop Color Naming Test differed significantly between MHD group and NC group. 4.There is no significant difference between MHD group and NC group on the correct rate of No/Go Test and the baseline condition. Both groups showed Stroop Effect in Go-No/Go test, but MHD group performed significantly worse. 5.In Stroop Color Naming Task Test, NC group showed Stroop Effect, significant Repeated Distraction Promotion Effect and significant Negative Priming Effect,while MHD group showed only Stroop Effect and no Repeated Distraction Promotion Effect and no Negative Priming Effect. There is significant difference in Stroop Effect between MHD group and NC group. Conclusion: 1.Comparing with NC group, episodic memory, semantic memory, cognitive planning ability, and inhibition ability of MHD group were impaired significantly. 2.The pathological aging of Executive Function in MHD group showed: executive Function should be a unitary system. 3.Cognitive impairment is negatively correlated with serum creatinine, blood pressure and anxiety score in MHD patients; and is related with hemoglobin, hematocrit, social support and life satisfaction. Keyword: maintenance hemodialysis, episodic memory, semantic memory, cognitive planning, inhibition ability.

注意对驾驶场景客体-位置联系内隐学习的影响

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of attention resourse requirement and allocation on implicit memory and explicit memory for object-location associations in driving situation based on Adams theory on the function of implicit knowledge in the Situation Awareness(SA). This study adopted Musen’s implicit learning of object-location associations, sysmemtly manipulated the type and difficuty of the naming task. This research includes three studies and ten experiments. Their aim are separately to explore the influence of attention on implicit and explicit memory for object-loction assocaitons in simple stimulus and the driving situation. And it is needed to confirme the condition and the influencing factors of implicit memory for car-location association in different condition. It is also our aim to explore the feasibility of introduce of implicit learning methods in SA measurement. The results indicted that: ⑴ The influence of attention resourse allocation ,the difficulty of naming task , the deepness of processing on on implicit memory for object-location associations in driving situation are different . the dissociated results support the standpoint that there are two independent knowledge system; ⑵ The type of naming task more influenced the implicit and explicit memory for object-location associations than the difficulty of the naming task. The attention resourse requirement of the different type can not be compared; ⑶ The implicit memory seldom appears in the location naming task resulted from the defiency of processing on object-location association, and not as a results of the overtaxed; ⑷ The reaction time methods in the implicit learning could be used in SA measurement , it is a complementarity of the existing explicit SA measurement. These findings not only contribute to resolve ongoing debates about the process of cognition and mechanism of SA structure, but also have significant practical application in traffic safety.