中老年危机热线来电者的应激源与自杀危险性

Objective: Psychosocial crisis and psychiatric disorders are two stressors for suicide action. This study will explore the differences on demographic characteristics, severity of depression, and suicidality of middle-aged and elder crisis line callers under the influences of psychosocial crisis or psychiatric disorders or two simultaneously-mixed stressors, in order to develop effective intervention strategies for crisis line. Methods: Analysis data of 1,092 cases selected from national crisis line callers aged 45 and over who were assessed with “Suicide risk assessment” during the period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The sample were divided into three groups of psychosocial crisis, mental health problems, and mixed-stressors of three types of general callers (48.2%, 32.3%, 19.5%), callers with current suicide ideation (43.7%, 33.0%, 23.3%) and callers attempted suicide 2 weeks prior to the call (33.6%, 42.3%, 24.1%) respectively according to the operators’ judgments of the callers’ claimed difficult situations and classification system of crisis line database. X2 test and Tukey-type and Multinomial Logistic Regression multiple comparison methods are applied to analysis the differences of the three groups. Results: In agreement with previous studies, more females (71.3%, X2=13.45, P<0.001), especially females influenced by relationship stressors (76.8%, X2=25.12, P<0.001) made the call for crisis. Among general callers, the check-out rates of Major Depression Episode of mixed-stressor callers (78.5%, P<0.001) and problem callers (68.7%, P<0.05) were significantly higher than that of crisis callers (57.1%). The check-out rates of suicide ideation of mixed-stressor callers (71.4%) were significantly higher than that in crisis callers (53.8%, P<0.001) and problem callers (60.9%, P<0.05). The check-out rates of prior suicide attempts of mixed-stressor (16.6%, P<0.05) and problem callers (18.5%, P<0.01) were significantly higher than that of crisis callers (9.8%). More than half of the mixed-stressor callers (51.8%) reported over 50% degree of hopelessness, which was significantly higher than that of crisis callers (35.6%, P<0.01) and problem callers (38.2%, P<0.05). Fewer crisis callers sought medical help than problem and mixed-stressor callers among three types of callers (X2=241.35, 146.56, 50.87; P<0.001). Compare to non-compound crisis callers, the proportion of minor, severe depression and prior depression diagnosis (14.0% vs. 17.4%; 54.9% vs. 65.2%; 0 vs. 2.2%; X2=14.35，P<0.01), suicide ideation (51.1% vs. 64.0%, P<0.05) and prior suicide attempts (8.4% vs. 15.0%, P<0.05) in compound crisis callers were significantly higher. There were more compound crisis callers with over 50% hopelessness (51.9% vs. 31.0%，X2=11.96，P<0.01). Conclusion: As predicted, among middle-aged and elderly participants, mixed-stressor and compound crisis callers were higher in degree of severity of depression and suicidality. Intervention strategies should be developed addressing to specific stressor or stressors. The promotions of crisis callers’ medical help seeking behavior need to be emphasized.

Prefrontal white matter abnormalities in young adult with major depressive disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Prefrontal impairments have been hypothesized to be most strongly associated with the cognitive and emotional dysfunction in depression. Recently, white matter microstructural abnormalities in prefrontal lobe have been reported in elderly patients with ma

大车前（Plantago major L. "Giant Turkish."）体外优化再生体系的建立及Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因SeNHX1 和TtNHX1 的功能鉴定

大车前（Plantago major L. "Giant Turkish."）不仅有很高的药用价值，在生态学研究方面也是重要模式植物。大车前的组织培养工作，目前报道很少。对其组织培养体系的建立，为筛选大车前耐盐突变体和基因转化建立高效的体外再生系统和实验平台体系。通过愈伤组织诱导和直接不定芽再生途径， 建立了大车前（Plantago major L. "Giant Turkish."）的快速高效再生系统。叶片外植体在含有1.0 mg/L NAA的MS培养基中培养3周后，形成愈伤组织，愈伤组织在含4.0 mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基中成功再生，得到完整植株。种子外植体在含0.2 mg/L IAA和1.0 mg/L TDZ的MS培养基中培养4周后产生大量的丛生芽，对9株再生植株进行RAPD检测表明，部分植株在DNA水平上发生了变异。 植物抵御盐胁迫的一个重要机制是在液泡中积累Na+，从而使细胞质内Na+保持在较低水平，并且降低细胞渗透势。Na+运输到液泡是由液泡Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白完成的。本实验室已从盐生植物盐角草（Salicornia europaea）和番杏（Tetragonia tetragonioides）中分别克隆得到SeNHX1和TtNHX1基因。本文研究了SeNHX1和TtNHX1基因在酵母突变体里的作用。TtNHX1和SeNHX1蛋白在缺陷型酵母菌株里的表达能够提高这些菌株对NaCl、LiCl和潮霉素的抗性，提高到与野生型相当的抗性水平。说明TtNHX1和SeNHX1有着与酵母ScNHX1相似的细胞定位和作用机制，是ScNHX1的功能类似蛋白。

beta gamma-CAT, a non-lens beta gamma-crystallin and trefoil factor complex from amphibian skin secretions, caused endothelium-dependent myocardial depression in isolated rabbit hearts

Previous in vivo study demonstrated that beta gamma-CAT, a newly identified non-lens beta gamma-crystallin and trefoil factor complex from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions, possessed potent lethal toxicity on mammals resulted from hypotension and cardi