11 resultados para Magnolia
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
The essential oil in purple magnolia leaves was extracted by steam distillation approaches. The oil obtained was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. According to the analysis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, more than 40 peaks were separated and 32 compounds were identified. The identified constituents represent 95% of the peak area of the essential oil. The main compounds were germacrene-D, santolina triene, caryophyllene, 1,3,7-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl, and camphene, etc.
Resumo:
苏联植物学家A.L.塔赫他间在<有花植物(木兰植物)分类大纲>(Ta-khtaian,1980)中认为广义的木兰目是最原始的和最古老的类群,由它产生被子植物所有其它主要分枝。根据这个观点,作者试图以木兰科玉兰(Magnol iadenudata Desr.),花粉个体发育为主题,探讨它们的原始性状、特点及其在系统发育上的地位。 下面就其花粉个体发育顺序,扼要概括如下: 1.小孢子母细胞、减数分裂到四分体时期:细胞器发生重组,质体和线粒体发生脱分化与再分他的循环。在此期间,细胞中还有大量胞质小泡,高尔基体小泡参与胼胝质壁物质的形成,其他小泡与脂体物质的沉积有关。晚二分体时期,原外壁物质开始沉积,胞质小泡可能涉及原外壁的形成和未来萌发孔的位置。 2.游离小孢子时期:细胞器变得丰富而活跃,特别是粗糙内质网大量出现,它们与脂体的形成和运输有关。此时,外壁外层已形成,外壁内层和内壁开始发育。 3.两细胞花粉时期;质体出现极性分布,生殖细胞中不含质体。生殖细胞随着位置的推移,其形状和壁的结构、性质也发生变化,生殖细胞由凸透镜形变成球形以至梭形。同时,生殖细胞壁最初含纤维素和胼胝质物质,以后壁物质逐渐消失,当生殖细胞变为梭形时,在生殖细胞壁的双层膜间又出现亲锇物质沉积。有趣的是,在生殖细胞星球形时,营养细胞中的脂体紧挨并围绕生殖细胞,形成一层明显的脂体冠。 玉兰成熟花粉为远极单槽,营养细胞中造粉体里园球形,内部充满大量均匀小淀粉颗粒,生殖细胞形状特殊,在有丝分裂前两极具明显的细胞质延伸和突起。从花粉个体发育着,玉兰花粉壁带有若干裸子植物性状和原始特征。最重要的特点表现在:①外壁内层具片层状结构;②I柱:状层虽具稀疏小柱,但在孢壁分沁过程中,”在小柱之问还有大小不同的孢粉素颗粒;③在萌发孔处,外壁外层往往扩张、外折,形似穗花杉和香榧的残余气囊。玉兰花粉的内壁特殊,由内壁-l、内壁-2和内壁-3等三层形状和质地不同的结构组成。值得注意的是百合科的麝香百合内壁也呈明显不同的三层结构。 玉兰绒毡层为多层细胞,属分泌型。绒毡层细胞中细胞器很丰富,减数分裂期问达到高峰。细胞核明显地被质体和线粒体所包围。粗糙内质网常与膳体连在一起。四分体时期,原乌氏体排出,孢粉素在其上沉积。推测原乌氏体和孢粉素前体物质的形成与粗糙内质网活动和膳体形成有关,乌氏体有单个存在,也有以聚乌氏体或复合乌氏体形式出现。周绒毡层膜在二分体时期即开始形成,最初呈间断的薄膜小片,以后连续发育成膜。周绒毡层膜位于靠药壁细胞的绒毡层细胞四周及中层绒毡层细胞外切向面,而靠药室腔的绒毡层细胞则未见此膜。 总之,玉兰的生殖细胞特殊,附带脂体冠;后期呈梭形,两极具明显的胞质延伸和突起,不含质体。孢壁结构具明显原始性状,在某种意义上,一方面类似裸子植物,另一方面又有百合科的特点。绒毡层结构也有一些值得深入探讨的问题。
Resumo:
本论文由三章组成。 第一章是关于厚朴中具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性成分的研究。凹叶厚朴的乙醇提取物显示了较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。为了确定其活性成分,在活性测试的指导下,通过溶剂萃取、树脂吸附和反复硅胶柱层析等分离方法从凹叶厚朴乙醇提取物中分离得到6 个生物碱,并用质谱和核磁共振等波谱方法分别鉴定为:木兰箭毒碱,木兰花碱,鹅掌楸碱,蕃荔枝碱,罗默碱和Lysicamine。应用小肠α-葡萄糖苷酶模型测定了它们对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。其中,番荔枝碱和木兰箭毒碱对α-葡萄糖苷酶相对抑制活性最好,分别为60%和62%;其它四个生物碱成分对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性几乎相当,鹅掌楸碱为46%,罗默碱为51%,Lysicamine 为49%,木兰花碱为51%。 第二章报道了厚朴酚的衍生物及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。根据糖苷酶抑制剂的结构特点,设计合成了一系列厚朴酚的衍生物。厚朴酚经过Mannich 反应和环氧化及开环反应制备了一系列衍生物,经活性测试发现衍生物活性与取代基关系较大,其中5,5′-diallyl-3-((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)biphenyl-2,2′-diol 的抑制活性最高,为72%。 第三章综述了厚朴的化学成分及药理活性两个方面的研究进展。 The dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter is about the study on the constituents with α-glycosidase inhibitory activity from Magnolia officinalis. The EtOH extracts of M. officinalis Rehd. et Wils showed good inhibitory activity against α-Glucosidase. In order to determine the active compounds, bio-assay was used to guide the isolation. Six known alkaloids were isolated by solvent extraction and repeated silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were identified as liriodenine, anonaine, roemerine, lysicamine, magnoflorine and magnocurarine by spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory activity against α-Glucosidase of these alkaloids was measured with alvine screening model of α-glucosidase. Among them, lysicamine and liriodenine have the best inhibitory activity at 60% and 62%, respectively. The other four alkaloids have close inhibitory activity, from 46% to 51%. The second chapter is about the derivation of magnolol and the inhibitory a ctivity of the derivatives. Seven derivatives of magnolol were prepared by Manni-ch reaction, epoxidation followed by ring-opening reaction. Biological activity as say indicated the inhibitory activity was related to substituting groups. Among them, 5,5′-diallyl-3-((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)biphenyl-2,2′-diol had the highest activity at 72%. The third chapter is a review on the progress of M. officinalis including chemical constituents and pharmacological activity.
Resumo:
测定了蔷薇科植物美人梅、樱花和木兰科植物白玉兰、广玉兰不同组分的热值、养分和灰分含量,探讨4种植物不同发育阶段根系、枝干和叶等器官的热值分配特征及其影响因子.结果表明:4种植物不同组分干质量热值和去灰分热值在17.02~21.93 kJ.g-1和18.42~22.57 kJ.g-1之间;叶片和细根具有较高的干质量热值和去灰分热值,去灰分热值随着根系和茎干(枝)的发育呈减小趋势.美人梅和樱花的干质量热值和去灰分热值总体上高于白玉兰和广玉兰.细根干质量热值和去灰分热值与其养分和灰分含量呈极显著相关(P<0.01).随着根系的发育,干质量热值和去灰分热值与有机碳含量的相关性逐渐降低,不同器官干质量热值与全氮含量相关性最强.