23 resultados para MAIDL-TOFMS

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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根据Jacoson-Stockmayer(J-S)环化理论,应用基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(MAIDL-TOFMS),对一系列芳香环状低聚物组分分布进行分析,研究了芳香环状低聚物的组分分布与单体结构的关系,结果表明,在芳香聚酯、聚膦酸酯及芳香聚醚环状低聚物系列中,Inc_n与Inn呈良好的线性关系,符合J-S理论分布,在环状聚酯及聚膦酸酯系列中,低聚物的组分分布受双酚单体的中心键角影响,单体的中心键角在100°~120°之间,其中心键角愈小,γ值愈大,而在聚醚系列中,在固定一种单体的前提下,环化物的组分分布受另一单体键角的影响与环状聚酯和聚膦酸酯相一致。

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蛋黄中含有大量磷脂,其中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)最为丰富。本研究采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)与基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)联用技术分析了蛋黄中磷脂粗提物。将从蛋黄中提取的多种磷脂通过HPLC预先分离,收集各组分后分别进行MALDI-TOF MS分析得到比较清晰的质谱图。通过质谱图解析确定了蛋黄中磷脂酰胆碱、神经鞘磷脂(SM)的脂肪酸组成。

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在用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)测定蛋白质分子量的过程中,一些盐和蛋白质变性剂经常大大抑制样品信号,产生一些难以解析的离子峰,因此测试前应尽可能去除样品中的添加剂。为此,本研究建立了MALDI—TOFMS测试中在线纯化蛋白质样品的新方法。采用硝酸纤维素膜作为固相载体,将标准蛋白质溶菌酶制成含6 mol/L盐酸胍变性剂、2%SDS表面活性剂的100 mmol/L Tris—HCL溶液进行质谱测定。结果表明:新方法简单、快速,可明显增强离子峰的强度,提高测定蛋白质分子量的灵敏度。

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青蒿素是从中药青蒿,学名黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)植物地上部分分离出的抗疟疾有效单体,为一种倍半萜内酯类化合物,其生物合成途径属于植物类异戊二烯代谢途径。青蒿素生物合成途径及其调控机制仍不完全清楚,本论文采用GC-MS 和GC×GC-TOFMS 方法对青蒿萜类代谢物谱进行检测,用多维统计学方法对检测结果进行整理和比较分析,研究青蒿素生物合成及其与青蒿中其他萜类代谢的关系,取得了以下结果: 一、通过GC×GC-TOFMS 方法对青蒿挥发油成分进行分析,共鉴定出303 种组分。其中挥发油中相对百分含量大于1%的10 种组分中有9 种为萜类化合物,含量接近总挥发油的50%。在相对百分含量大于0.1%的49 种成分中,有30 种萜类化合物。有27 种相对百分含量大于0.1%的成分首次在青蒿挥发油中报道,其中包括10 种萜类化合物。 二、利用GC-MS 方法分析了青蒿001 和SP18 两个青蒿素高产株系不同生长时期萜类代谢物谱,结果表明:青蒿中萜类化合物在不同时期合成和积累是动态变化的,萜类化合物的种类和数量在营养生长期随生长时间的延长而提高,在营养生长后期和现蕾前期达到最高水平,进入生殖生长后随生长时间的延长而迅速降低。通过多维统计PLS-DA(Partial Leasted Square Discriminant Analysis) 分析,确定001 中有17 个化合物的含量在不同生长时期有明显变化,其中15 个为萜类化合物。SP18 中有18 个化合物的含量在不同生长时期有明显变化,其中16 个为萜类化合物。青蒿素,青蒿酸,二氢青蒿酸,青蒿素B 都是含量变化明显的标记物。其中青蒿酸和二氢青蒿酸含量在营养生长后期达到最高水平,进入生殖生长后迅速下降,而青蒿素和青蒿素B 在整个检测时期含量变化相对较小,在营养生长时期含量已经较高,在现蕾前期含量稍有上升,进入现蕾期后有所下降,本研究确定现蕾前期为代谢物谱分析最佳取样时期,并为药材采收提供指导。 三、不同基因型青蒿代谢物谱研究表明,青蒿素高产株系SP18 和001 代谢物表现出一定的差异,通过多维统计PLS-DA 分析,共找出了22 种在两种基因型中差异明显的化合物,其中包括倍半萜化合物12 种,单萜化合物3 种,三萜化合物4 种。SP18 特征化合物为樟脑和两个未鉴定倍半萜化合物,而001 特征化合物是龙脑和β-法呢烯。另外两种基因型中青蒿素及相关前体化合物的积累模式差异明显,SP18 中二氢青蒿酸和青蒿素含量高,而青蒿酸和青蒿素B 含量极低;001 中二氢青蒿酸和青蒿素含量相对SP18 要低,但青蒿素B 和青蒿酸含量比SP18 要高。该结果表明在青蒿素高产株系中,青蒿素含量与二氢青蒿酸的含量呈正相关,结合Brown 等的活体标记研究结果分析,从二氢青蒿酸到青蒿素的转化可能是青蒿素合成的限速步骤。 四、利用GC×GC-TOFMS 方法对转基因青蒿萜类代谢物谱进行了分析,共对200 个左右化合物峰进行PLS-DA 和OSC-PLS (Orthogonal Signal Correction–Partial leasted Square)多维统计分析,结果表明:青蒿萜类代谢物谱在外源基因转入后发生显著变化,与对照株系相比均呈现显著差异。其中过量表达Amorpha-4,11-diene 合酶基因(ads)株系中青蒿素及相关化合物变化最明显,而过量表达FPP 合酶基因(fps)株系中青蒿素及相关化合物变化相对较小,在受到调控而成为差异标记物的化合物中,70%是倍半萜类化合物。 五、考察了外源茉莉酸甲酯对青蒿素生物合成的影响,结果表明:300 μM 外源茉莉酸甲酯能提高青蒿素含量,在处理后第8 天青蒿素含量提高38%。青蒿萜类代谢物谱研究表明,茉莉酸甲酯不仅可以诱导青蒿中青蒿素的合成,还能诱导很多化合物,特别是倍半萜和三萜类的合成。OSC-PLS 分析结果找出了9 个处理后含量明显提高的标记物,其中6 个倍半萜化合物,3 个三萜化合物。标记物鲨烯含量提高了67%,另一个未鉴定出结构的倍半萜提高了60%,这些化合物可能与青蒿素有着类似的调控机制,而外源喷洒茉莉酸甲酯可以作为提高青蒿素产量的有效途径之一。

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本论文系统研究了长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中四种具有抗栓活性及可以作为基础理论研究的工具酶的分离纯化,并进行了扩大化试验,得到了可直接用于工业生产的分离工艺流程。并采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)等分析手段确认了这四种酶的纯度及分子量,共获得以下几种质谱纯和电泳纯的酶A_2,其分子量为14.0kDa;三种精氨酸酯酶(AEasel、 AEase2和AEase3),它们的分子量分别为29.9kDa、27.5kDa、和28.8kDa;L-氨基酸氧化酶,其分子量为92.8 kDa;以及纤溶酶,其分子量为23.3 kDa。并对几种酶的质谱行为进行了系统研究,考察了酶的浓度等因素对多聚体多电荷离子峰形成的影响,并给出了它们的形成机理。上述酶中,我们按其分子量的大小、亚基组成以及氨基酸残基数目与文献报道的已知的酶相比较,认为L-氨基酸氧化酶、磷脂酶A_2和精氨酸酯酶2(Aease2)和精氨酸酯酶3(AEase3)是酶的新的类型。系统研究了所获得的四种酶的金属离子的含量,指出了磷脂酶A_2和纤溶酶均为Ca~(2+)离子结合蛋白,Ca~(2+)离子是酶分子活性所必需的。精氨酸酯酶和L-氨基酸氧化酶则为含Zn~(2+)酶,每个酶分子中分别含有两个和四个Zn~(2+)离子,它们仅起到稳定蛇毒酶的高级结构的作用,去除后对活性影响不大,并考察了多种金属离子对酶的活性和荧光光谱的作用。本文系统研究了四种酶的荧光光谱,用同步荧光光谱法了解了酶分子中略氨酸和色氨酸残基的微环境;用荧光淬灭方法,研究了其淬灭作用及机理,并讨论了荧光基团所处的环境。另外,还系统表征了几种酶的物理化学性质、酶学性质,得到了许多有意义的结果。

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芳香环状低聚物的合成是二十世纪八十年代末发展起来的研究领域,其特有的环状结构和可进行可控的开环聚合决定了芳香环状低聚物具有广阔的应用前景。本文从研究单体结构与成环反应的关系出发,开拓了一种合成芳香环状聚醚酮的新方法—改进的Friedel-Crafte反应法,采用该方法成功地合成了一系列新型结构的大环化合物,并首次利用流变仪对开环聚合过程中的流变行为进行了较为系统的观测。根据acoson-Stockmayer环化理论,应用基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(MAIDL-TOF MS),对一系列芳香环状低聚物组分分布进行分析,研究了芳香环状低聚物的产率、组分分布与单体结构的关系。结果表明:芳香聚醋、聚麟酸醋及芳香聚醚环状低聚物系列中,InCn与1nn呈良好的线性关系,符合J-S理论分布。环状齐聚物的产率与组分分布受单体的中心键角影响,单体的中心键角在100°~120°范围内,其中心键角愈小,γ值愈大。γ值愈大,反应产物中小环化合物的含量越高,而小环化合物的含量的增加是高产率地合成环状齐聚物的前提之一。在此理论的指导下,通过对单体结构的模拟,高选择性地合成了一种新型结构的芳香环状聚硫醋二聚体,对其结构进行了精确的表征,在不同溶剂中得到了该环状二聚体的单晶,单晶X闪ray衍射表明该二聚体为环张力极小的大环化合物。基于上述理论,以有利于成环的邻苯二酞氯为酞基化试剂,对Friedel-Crafts酞基化反应在合成芳香环状齐聚物中的应用进行了系统研究,开拓了一种合成芳香环状预聚体的新方法—改进的Friedel-Crafts酞基化反应法。发现反应体系中Lewis碱的存在有利于选择性地形成环状产物。并进一步确定反应最佳条件为: Lewis碱和催化剂Alcl3与富电单体的摩尔比分别为1.2和3.4; 1,2-二氯乙烷为本反应的最佳溶剂;等当量的反应单体要求缓慢滴加到形成“假高稀”的溶剂体系中;Lewis碱NMP,DMF等都适用于本反应体系。在此优化条件下,以邻苯二酞氯和间苯二酞氯为酞基化试剂,室温下,合成了一系列芳香环状聚醚酮酮、聚醚酮、聚醚矾酮等新型结构的环状齐聚物,利用MALDI-TOF-MS,NMR,GPC,FTIR,DSC,元素分析等手段对环状结构进行了精确的表征;DSC分析表明含邻苯二拨基结构的环状齐聚物为无定型材料;部分产物的产率高达90%。在阴离子引发剂联苯双酚钾存在下,制备的环状齐聚物成功进行了熔融开环聚合,得到了相应结构的高分子量的线性开环聚合产物。其中,含邻苯二拨基结构的环状聚醚酮酮、环状聚醚酮矾的开环聚合产物的比浓粘度分别达到0.42dL/g,0.36 dL/g(0.5%的DMF溶液,25士0.1℃);四种含间苯二锁基结构的环状齐聚物的开环聚合产物的Tg与常规亲电沉淀反应合成的线性高聚物的Tg相同。含侧甲基的开环聚合产物的Tg比对应的开环聚合的产物的Tg高约5℃。研究结果表明用亲电缩聚方法制备芳香环状聚醚酮与亲核缩聚法相比较,具有成本低廉、反应条件温和丫产率高、易于大规模制备等优势,开拓了一种制备环状化合物的方法。自从美国G.E.公司利用环状聚碳酸酷的开环聚合制备线性聚碳酸醋以来,对芳香环状低聚物的开环聚合过程的研究仅局限在由GPC监测反应某一时刻的产物的分子量,而缺乏对与应用更为接近的开环聚合中的粘度的变化的研究。本文以界面缩聚反应高产率地合成芳香环状双酚A聚酷二聚体为对象,研究了流变仪在开环聚合中的应用。利用流变仪对环状二聚体开环聚合过程进行了较为系统的观测,研究了不同条件下的开环聚合中的流变行为,结果表明,开环聚合存在引发期,而且在引发期,熔融体的粘度低于10Pa·S,超过引发期,粘度呈指数级增长。引发期的长短可以通过引发剂的种类、浓度、开环聚合的温度等条件进行有效地控制。芳香环状聚酷二聚体与环状聚碳酸醋的开环共聚合的流变行为的研究结果表明:开环共聚合可以降低开环聚合的温度,调整引发期,是提高聚合产物的分子量的有效途径。用流变仪对以改进的Friedel-Crafts反应合成的芳香环酮齐聚物的开环聚合中的流变行为进行了监控。在330℃,剪切速率为0.05S-l下,熔融的环状齐聚物的粘度为2.0Pa·S。通过对开环聚合的反应条件的控制,同样实现了开环聚合的可控,通过改变其开环聚合的引发期的长短及粘度的变化规律,可、适应不。条一定为加工设计与成型加工提供理论指导和模型设计,必将进一步推进开环聚合工 艺向应用方向的发展。

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Porous silicon powder and silica gel particles have been applied as inorganic matrices for the analysis of small molecules in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). In contrast to conventional MALDI-TOFMS, the signal interference of low-molecular analytes by the matrix has been eliminated. Almost no fragmentations of the analytes were observed. Effects of various factors, such as the particle and pore size, the suspending solution, and sample preparation procedures, on the intensity of mass spectra have been investigated. The pore structure of the inorganic matrix and penetration of the analytes into the pores must be optimized for effective desorption and ionization of the analytes. Matrices (DHB and HCCA) were covalently bound to silica gel for improvement of spectrum intensity. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)结合源后分解(PSD)技术对甲氧基封端的聚乙二醇-b-聚己内酯(MPEG-b-PCL)两嵌段共聚物进行了结构分析.根据得到的MALDI-TOFMS谱图和PSD碎片信息清晰地确定了嵌段共聚物的嵌段长度和嵌段分布.结果表明,采用MALDI-TOFMS结合PSD技术研究这类嵌段共聚物链结构非常有效.这为更好地认识和应用这类嵌段共聚物提供了重要的依据,同时也建立了分析这类嵌段共聚物的方法.

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Oxidized carbon nanotubes are tested as the matrix for analysis of the melamine by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Traditional MALDI matrix are not suit for analysis of the low molecular compounds due to the interference associated to the matrix clusters. Oxidized carbon nanotubes can transfer energy to the analyte under the laser irradiation, which makes analyte well ionized or desorbed. Moreover, the interference of the intrinsic matrix ions can be eliminated. Melamine as the a toxic additive which had been added in the milk powder, then it is necessary to establish a new method for detection of the melamine rapid and sensitive.

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A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF—MS) technique was used for analysis of moleculear weight of cytochrome C.The effects of three kinds of matrix,such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(DHB),a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(a-CHC) and sinapinic acid(SA),were used to compared and a suitable a-CHC was found.Experimental data showed that this method was properable to analysis of the congeneric biochemical samples.

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In this paper,active components of velvet antler polypeptide were extracted and separated.The molecular weight and purity of velvet antler polypeptide were determined by MALDI-TOFMS.The different influence factors such as matrix,sample concentration and laser energy were studied.This method is convenient and suitable for the identification of congener biochemical samples.

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meso-Tetra (alpha, alpha, alpha, alpha-O-phenylacetyl benzene) porphyrin was used as a complete antigen to elicit monoclonal antibody 1F2 through the immunization and cell fusion techniques. McAb 1F2 obtained was demonstrated very pure by HPLC and MALDI/TOFMS. The retention time of McAb 1F2 was 2. 63 min. The subtype of McAb 1F2 was IgG2a. The relative molecular weight was 156 678. 8. When the McAb 1F2-porphyrin was formed, the maximal absorption of the porphyrin soret region had a redshift from 408 to 416 nm and hyperchromical effect, showing that the antigen-antibody combination was rigid and intense, and the abzyme constancy was high. But compared with HRP, the activity of the abzyme was only 4. 687 5 U/mg and 1. 899 % of that of HRP. Its K-m was 20. 29 mmol/L, k(cat) 396. 82 min(-1), k(cat)/K-m. 1. 955 7 X 10(4) L . mol(-1) . min(-1).

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Combination of affinity extraction procedures with mass spectrometric analyses is termed affinity-directed mass spectrometry, a technique that has gained broad interest in immunology and is extended here with several improvements from methods used in previous studies. A monoclonal antibody was immobilized on a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, allowing the corresponding antigen to be selectively captured from a complex solution for analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). This method was also used to rapidly determine the approximate binding region responsible for the antibody/antigen interaction. The tryptic fragments of antigen protein in buffer were applied to the antibody immobilized on NC film and allowed to interact. The NC film was then washed to remove salts and other unbound components, and subjected to analysis by MALDI-TOFMS. Using interferon-alpha (2a) and anti-interferon-alpha (2a) monoclonal antibody IgG as a model system, we successfully extracted the antigen protein and determined the approximate binding region for the antigen/antibody interaction (i.e., the tryptic fragment responsible). Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Rabies virus was used as the antigen to immunize laying chickens. Anti-rabies virus immunoglobulin Y(IgY) was isolated from yolks of the eggs laid by these chickens using a two-step salt precipitation and one-step gel filtration protocol. The purified IgY was reduced with dithiothreitol, and heavy chains (HC) and light chains (LC) were obtained. In addition, the purified IgY was digested with pepsin and the fragment with specific antigen binding properties (Fab) was produced. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), the average molecular weights of IgY, HC, LC, and Fab were determined as 167 250, 65 105, 18 660, and 45,359 Da, respectively. IgY has two structural differences compared with mammalian IgGs. First, the molecular weight of the heavy chain of IgY is larger than that of its mammalian counterpart, while the molecular weight of the light chain of IgY is smaller. Second, upon pepsin digestion, anti-rabies virus IgY is degraded into Feb, in contrast to mammalian IgG, which has been reported to be degraded into F(ab')(2) under the same conditions. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.