Micro- and macro-tribological study on a self-assembled dual-layer film

A novel self-assembled dual-layer film as apotential excellent lubricant for micromachines was successfully prepared on single-crystal silicon substrate by chemical adsorption of stearic acid (STA) molecules on self-assembled monolayer of 3-aminopropyltri

基于局域分析的疲劳短裂纹群体演化随机模型

采用局域裂纹数密度描述金属材料中不同局部区域的疲劳短裂纹群体损伤的发展情况。通过考虑在不同局域存在的材料性质的随机涨落及局部损伤对损伤总量发展的影响，建立了局域裂纹数密度演化随机方程。对方程数值求解从而模拟了材料的疲劳短裂纹损伤过程。结果显示出主裂纹出现的随机性，并讨论了裂纹总数与最大裂纹尺度在统计意义上的演化特征。

Tensile Tests Of Micro Anchors Anodically Bonded Between Pyrex Glass And Aluminum Thin Film Coated On Silicon Wafer

Micro anchor is a kind of typical structures in micro/nano electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), and it can be made by anodic bonding process, with thin films of metal or alloy as an intermediate layer. At the relative low temperature and voltage, specimens with actually sized micro anchor structures were anodically bonded using Pyrex 7740 glass and patterned crystalline silicon chips coated with aluminum thin film with a thickness comprised between 50 nm and 230 nm. To evaluate the bonding quality, tensile pulling tests have been finished with newly designed flexible fixtures for these specimens. The experimental results exhibit that the bonding tensile strength increases with the bonding temperature and voltage, but it decreases with the increase of the thickness of Al intermediate layer. This kind of thickness effect of the intermediate layer was not mentioned in the literature on anodic bonding. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

也谈力学──基础和前沿

也谈力学──基础和前沿谈庆明（中国科学院力学研究所北京１０００８０）最近一个时期常听见对力学的两种评价：一种是力学过时了，没什么好研究了；另一种是力学不解决问题，时髦的说法是不能转化为生产力。不论哪一种都是力学无用论，因此，力学要被排除在基础学科之外...

Analysis of a second-order polarization-independent filter made of a single ring resonator and a Sagnac interferometer

A novel second-order polarization-independent filter made of a single ring resonator and a Sagnac interferometer (SRRSI) is proposed, and its filtering characteristics are investigated. By using birefringence in waveguide, a single ring resonator can be used to synthesize a filter with second-order response. Analytical formulas are derived for characteristics of the SRRSI varied with waveguide parameters.. such as the coupling coefficient; and the critical condition of a second-order Butterworth filter is given. The influence of loss in the ring resonator is also analyzed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

中国早期观音座莲目的生殖器官及其系统学意义

本文对采自中国二叠纪、三叠纪地层的观音座莲目四个属的植物即：Cyathocarpus、星囊蕨属、朱氏蕨属和线囊蕨属的生殖器官进行了详细研究。探讨了这些植物在地质历史时期的演化方向，阐明了它们在整个观音座莲目系统演化中的意义。文章最后对整个观音座莲目植物（包括化石及现代类群）的系统演化运用分支分析进行了探讨。并结合新的证据对两侧对称性聚合囊的起源提出了新的假说。 在星囊蕨属的研究中共涉及五个种。研究的重点集中在聚合囊的对称性、着生方式、结构以及聚合囊的愈合程度等性状上。通过研究，文章对星囊蕨属的属征进行了修订。探讨了星囊蕨属自晚石炭世至晚侏罗世的演化趋势。但星囊蕨属不是一个自然属。对于矿化化石与压型／印痕化石关系的处理作者建议保持两套命名系统。研究还表明在压型／印痕化石中，聚合囊的着生方式是一个很难观察的特征。聚合囊的形状以及聚合囊中孢子囊的愈合程序等由于保存原因或植物不同发育时期的影响很容易发生改变。 朱氏蕨属的主要特征为生殖小羽片束羊齿型，聚合囊星囊蕨型，聚合囊在中脉的每一侧有2－3排。星囊蕨型聚合囊自晚石炭世出现至晚侏罗世灭绝存在两条演化路线。一条为星囊蕨型聚合囊自晚石炭世出现至晚侏罗世灭绝，聚合囊在中脉的每一侧始终保持一排。另一条为：星囊蕨型聚合囊在中脉每一侧的排数自二叠纪中期开始从一排增加到2－3排并伴随着生死叶形态的改变，即从栉羊齿型叶向束羊齿型叶的变化。这一演化路线最终灭绝于二叠经末期。 坚直线囊蕨的聚合囊呈两侧对称，无柄，聚合囊的基部陷入叶片组织，孢子囊在开裂前相互愈合，开裂后相互分离。研究表明本种的开裂方式是通过位于孢子囊腹面的的纵缝进行而不是通过顶端开孔。本属在演化上可能与现代合囊蕨属的起源有关，但线囊蕨属不是一个自然属。

内含子在生物信息学研究和基因工程中的应用

内含子在真核生物基因组中广泛存在。已有的研究虽揭示出内含子对基因的表达有着重要的调节作用,并参与了基因的进化,但内含子的功能还远没有弄清楚,对其本身的起源与演化问题也还存在很大争论。尽管如此,目前内含子在生物信息学研究和基因工程中的应用已蓬勃展开。本文就人们目前对内含子的基因组分析、分子进化与分子系统分析研究以及内含子在转基因工程中的应用作一概述。

Se对小麦的生态毒理效应及临界指标研究

采用土壤添加Se的盆栽试验方法,研究了Se对小麦的生态毒理效应及监界指标。结果表明,低浓度Se(<8mg·kg-1)对小麦根和地上生物量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/b有促进作用,并整体提高了作物抗氧化酶系统,使MDA下降,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性相应提高。而高浓度Se(>16mg·kg-1)对小麦根和地上生物量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/b有明显的抑制作用,对抗氧化酶系统产生胁迫效应,使GSH-Px明显上升,MDA上升,SOD、CAT酶活性明显下降,对POD活性影响不明显。各项生理指标与土壤Se处理浓

Comparison between visual and passive acoustic detection of finless porpoises in the Yangtze river, China

Recently, sonar signals and other sounds produced by cetaceans have been used for acoustic detection of individuals and groups in the wild. However, the detection probability ascertained by concomitant visual survey has not been demonstrated extensively. The finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) have narrow band and high-frequency sonar signals, which are distinctive from background noises. Underwater sound monitoring with hydrophones (B&K8103) placed along the sides of a research vessel, concurrent with visual observations was conducted in the Yangtze River from Wuhan to Poyang Lake in 1998 in China. The peak to peak detection threshold was set at 133 dB re 1 mu Pa. With this threshold level, porpoises could be detected reliably within 300 m of the hydrophone. In a total of 774-km cruise, 588 finless porpoises were sighted by visual observation and 44 864 ultrasonic pulses were recorded by the acoustical observation system. The acoustic monitoring system could detect the presence of the finless porpoises 82% of the time. A false alarm in the system occurred with a frequency of 0.9%. The high-frequency acoustical observation is suggested as an effective method for field surveys of small cetaceans, which produce high-frequency sonar signals. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America.

Fabrication and characterization of GaN-based LEDs grown on nanopatterned sapphire substrates

Sapphire substrates were nanopatterned by dry (inductively coupled plasma, ICP) etching to improve the performance of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). GaN-based LEDs on nanopatterned sapphire substrates (NPSS) were fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The characteristics of LEDs fabricated on NPSS prepared by dry etching were studied. The light output power and wall-plug efficiency of the LEDs fabricated on NPSS were greater than those of the conventional LEDs fabricated on common planar sapphire substrates when the injection currents were the same. The LEDs on NPSS and common planar sapphire substrates have similar I-V characteristics.

Growth and characterization of GaInNAs by molecular beam epitaxy using a nitrogen irradiation method

We propose an innovative technique, making use of the In segregation effect, referred as the N irradiation method, to enhance In-N bonding and extend the emission wavelength of GaInNAs quantum wells (QWs). After the formation of a complete In floating layer, the growth is interrupted and N irradiation is initiated. The majority of N atoms are forced to bond with In atoms and their incorporation is regulated independently by the N exposure time and the As pressure. The effect of the N exposure time and As pressure on the N incorporation and the optical quality of GaInNAs QWs were investigated. Anomalous photoluminescence (PL) wavelength red shifts after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) were observed in the N-irradiated samples, whereas a normal GaInNAs sample revealed a blue shift. This method provides an alternative way to extend the emission wavelength of GaInNAs QWs with decent optical quality. We demonstrate light emission at 1546 nm from an 11-nm-thick QW, using this method and the PL intensity is similar to that of a 7-nm-thick GaInNAs QW grown at a reduced rate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.