94 resultados para Laminin-511

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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A closed, trans-scale formulation of damage evolution based on the statistical microdamage mechanics is summarized in this paper. The dynamic function of damage bridges the mesoscopic and macroscopic evolution of damage. The spallation in an aluminium plate is studied with this formulation. It is found that the damage evolution is governed by several dimensionless parameters, i.e., imposed Deborah numbers De* and De, Mach number M and damage number S. In particular, the most critical mode of the macroscopic damage evolution, i.e., the damage localization, is deter-mined by Deborah number De+. Deborah number De* reflects the coupling and competition between the macroscopic loading and the microdamage growth. Therefore, our results reveal the multi-scale nature of spallation. In fact, the damage localization results from the nonlinearity of the microdamage growth. In addition, the dependence of the damage rate on imposed Deborah numbers De* and De, Mach number M and damage number S is discussed.

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本文在供给电弧能量一定的条件下,建立了等离子体电弧炉二维传热模型,其传热系数可以随温度而变化。经过一些函数变换并采用分离变量法,给出了气体热流势和等离子体电弧炉传热效率η的分析表达式。最后本文还给出了传热效率η关于电弧与熔炼物间无量纲距离r_0和另一个无量纲量l/Q(以下详细说明)的简单的线性关系,它提供了一个电弧设计原则。

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The two-dimensional accelerating theory about solar wind is applied to the study of theaccelerating process of jet beam in the radio galaxy. The flowing features are given with theanalytic method, and the basic flow is along the direction of the jet beam. The mechanism ofacceleration from subsonic to supersonic flow is discussed. At the same time, some fine struc-tures about the double sources in the radio galaxy are explained.

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磨损是材料和机械失效的主要原因之一。介绍了近年来材料磨损性能研究的进展,磨损的几种破坏机制以及相应的磨损理论模型,并介绍了MEMS中磨损研究的现状。

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纳米氧化锌(ZnO)是一种直接宽带隙半导体材料,室温下其禁带隙宽为本3.37 eV,激子束缚能为60 meV。纳米ZnO有明显的尺寸效应、表面和界面效应等,物理化学性能优越。在压电材料、铁电材料、平面显示、表面声波、传感器、场发射器件、激光、光催化等方面有着广泛的用途。近年来,对纳米ZnO材料的研究成为国内外的一个热点。 本论文研究了用化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备微/纳米ZnO材料。通过控制实验条件,合成了多种特殊结构和形貌的微/纳米ZnO材料,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电镜(HR-TEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、Raman光谱和光致发光(PL)等对材料的结构和光学性能进行了表征。采用CVD法,在温度为630 °C,氧气流量为15 sccm,氩气流量为300 sccm的条件下,制备了一种纳米带冠四足状ZnO(T-ZnO)。此结构ZnO材料的每根足顶端均有一规则的六方帽形结构,具有很大的比表面积。实验结果表明:合成的ZnO材料为纤维锌矿结构单晶,并且沿着(0001)方向生长;室温下的PL谱有两个激发峰,一个是在393 nm处相对较弱的近带紫外峰,另一个是在511 nm处强峰。而材料在600 °C下氧气中退火30 min后,511 nm附近的绿光激发辐射峰则基本消失了,这说明在511 nm处的绿光激发辐射峰可能是由于氧空位引起的。此外,通过改变实验条件,还得到了其他多种结构的微/纳米ZnO材料。 通过大量实验,找到了一种在低温下合成微/纳米ZnO材料的新方法,即水蒸气氧化法。用ZnI2作为锌源,水蒸气作为氧化剂,实验温度在300~500 °C范围内,大大低于通常CVD法的500~1500 °C。采用此法,用硅做基底,得到了一系列有趣的实验结果,大多数情况下ZnO纳米晶自组装成很规则的圆。而在瓷舟中收集到的纳米ZnO跟普通CVD法结果相似,可以得到锥状、棒状等结构的纳米晶,但其生长方式与硅基底上的有很大差别。此外,用水蒸气氧化法,还实现了ZnO纳米晶在碳纳米管(CNTs)上的直接生长,而且其PL性能增强,这可能是纳米ZnO和CNTs相互耦合的结果。在700 °C温度下,以锌粉和ZnI2作为锌源,用水蒸气作为氧化剂,在硅基底的正反面分别得到了纳米棒和纳米推子阵列。此外,还对水蒸气氧化法的化学反应机理进行了分析,实验结果证明:固态ZnI2在受热和一定真空度下先蒸发成ZnI2分子,ZnI2分子遇到水蒸气发生反应生成偶极ZnO分子,这些ZnO偶极分子在硅基底上通过静电力自组装成特殊的几何形状。 此外,还通过分子动力学模拟的方法,对材料的力学性能进行了研究,得到了ZnO的弹性常数和体弹性模量,模拟值跟其他研究人员的实验和模拟结果吻合得很好,并估出算了ZnO晶体的表面能和断裂韧性。 本论文还对制备材料的光催化性能进行了系统的研究,采用CVD法制备ZnO,对铬黑T(EBT)进行光催化降解实验。通过正交实验方法,得到了ZnO催化降解EBT的最佳工艺条件,即催化剂用量为5 g/L,光照强度为120 W,反应温度为20 °C,反应时间为120 min,EBT浓度为10 mg/L,溶液pH值为4。 在最佳实验条件下,20分钟内有95%的EBT被降解完,30分钟内则全部降解。因此,ZnO在EBT的降解中催化效率很高,在废水处理中具有潜在的应用前景。

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In this paper, the glass formation theory is applied to study the formation mechanism of the low leaching glassy slag during the process of plasma waste treatment. The research shows that SiO2 acts as network former to form a 3-dimensional Si-O tetrahedral network in which heavy metals are bonded or encapsulated, so the Si-O tetrahedron protect heavy metals against leaching from the vitrified slag or acid corrosion. For given chemical compositions of waste, the formation ability of the vitrified slag can be represented by the ratio of the whole oxygen ions to the whole network former ions in glass (O/Si) which is appropriate in the range of 2~3. A plasma arc reactor is used to conduct the vitrification experiments of two kinds of fly ashes with additives in which effects of various parameters including arc power, cooling speed, treatment temperature are studied. The chemical compositions of fly ashes are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The experimental results show that both cooling speed and O/Si have important influence on the formation of the vitrified slag, which is qualitatively in accordance with the predictions of the glass formation theory.

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研究了基于干涉测量激光介质热畸变的原理,利用CCD摄像机记录干涉条纹并通过计算机图像处理,来测量板条激光介质动态热畸变的方法。对采集得到的干涉条纹进行图像处理,提出了一种简单快速提取条纹中心的算法。通过分析、计算干涉条纹的移动,得到抽运过程中板条激光介质的动态热畸变情况,为动态补偿激光介质热效应提供了可能。实验采用了N31磷酸盐激光玻璃作样品,得到了加热过程中激光玻璃内部的温度分布,误差约为3%,验证了该测量方法的可行性。

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Dy3+ doped oxyfluoride silicate glass was prepared and its optical absorption, 1.3 mu m emission, and upconversion luminescence properties were studied. Furthermore, the Judd-Ofelt [Phys. Rev. 127, 750 (1962); J. Chem. Phys. 37, 511 (1962)] intensity parameters, oscillator strengths, spontaneous transition probability, fluorescence branching ratio and radiative lifetime were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory, while stimulated emission cross section of H-6(9/2)+F-6(11/2)-> H-6(15/2) transition was calculated by McCumber theory [Phys. Rev. A. 134, 299 (1964)]. According to the obtained Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Omega(2)=2.69x10(-20) cm(2), Omega(4)=1.64x10(-20) cm(2), and Omega(6)=1.64x10(-20) cm(2), the radiative lifetime was calculated to be 810 mu s for 1.3 mu m emission, whose full width at half maximum and sigma(e) were 115 nm and 2.21x10(-20)cm(2), respectively. In addition, near infrared to visible upconversion luminescence was observed and evaluated. The results suggest that Dy3+ doped oxyfluoride silicate glass can be used as potential host material for developing broadband optical amplifiers and laser applications.

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用提拉法生长了掺铬、钕的钆镓石榴石(Cr^4+,Nd^3+:GGG)自调Q激光品体。报道了室温下的吸收光谱和荧光光谱特性。分析了Cr离子浓度对光谱性质的影响。比较了Cr^4+:GGG,Nd^3+:GGG和(Cr^4+,Nd^3+):GGG晶体吸收光谱的关系。测量了(Cr^4+,Nd^3+):GGG晶体和Nd^3+:GGG晶体的荧光寿命,它们分别是33μs和250μs。实验表明,(Cr^4+,Nd^3+):GGG晶体是一种非常有潜力的自调Q激光晶体,可以实现大功率激光器的小型化和全固态化。

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用电子束热蒸发方法镀制了Al2O3材料的单层膜,对它们在空气中进行了250~400℃的高温退火。对样品的透射率光谱曲线进行了测量,计算了样品的消光系数、折射率和截止波长。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)测量分析了薄膜的微观结构,采用表面轮廓仪测量了样品的表面均方根粗糙度。结果发现随着退火温度的提高光学损耗下降,薄膜结构在退火温度为400℃时仍然为无定形态,样品的表面粗糙度随退火温度的升高而增加。引起光学损耗下降起主导作用的是吸收而不是散射,吸收损耗的下降主要是由于退火使材料吸收空气中的氧而进一步氧化,从而使薄膜

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本论文主要包括以下两部分内容: 一、真菌诱导子对青蒿发根生长和青蒿素生物合成的影响 用3种真菌诱导子[大丽花轮枝孢(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)、葡枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuill)和束状刺盘孢(Colleto trichumdematium (Pers.) Grove)]分别处理青蒿(Ar temisia annuaL.)的发根,这3种真菌诱导子均能促进发根中青蒿素的合成,其中以大丽花轮枝孢的诱导效果最好;对细胞生长均没有明显影响。经大丽花轮枝孢处理的发根中青蒿素含量达1. 12 mg/gDW,比对照(0. 77 mg/g DW)提高45%。诱导子的作用效果与诱导子浓度、诱导子作用时间及发根的生长状态有关。对大丽花轮枝孢来说,诱导子作用的最适浓度为每毫升培养基含糖0.4 mg;发根在指数生长末期对诱导作用最敏感:在加入诱导子4d后收获发根,发根中的青蒿素含量最高。 二、早花基因FPF1、co对青蒿开花时间的影响及开花与青蒿素生物合成的相关性 1.将来源于拟南芥的早花基因Flowering Promoting Factorl (FPFl)插入到植物表达载体pBI121中,构建CaMV 35S启动子控制下含FPFl基因的植物表达载体pBI121FPF/,用含有pBI121FPF/质粒的根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)LBA4404感染青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)叶片并诱导丛生芽,经卡那霉素筛选,获得转基因抗性植株。PCR、 PCR-Southem blot及Southern blot检测表明,外源基因FPFI已整合到青蒿基因组中:RT-PCR及RT-PCR Southern blot分析表明,外源基因在转录水平上已有表达。在短日照条件下,FPF1转基因植株的开花时间较对照提前20天左右,但提早开花的转基因植株与未开花的对照其青蒿素含量无明显差异,即提早开花并不能使开花植株的青蒿素含量有所提高,开花与青蒿素合成之间可能没有直接的关系。 2.将拟南芥的早花基因CONSTANS (CO)置于CaMV 35S启动子之下,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)LBA4404介导转入青蒿(Artemisia annuaL.),使之在青蒿中表达,并得到了抗性植株。PCR、PCR-Southem blot及Southemblot检测表明,外源基因co已整合到青蒿基因组中;RT-PCR及RT-PCR Southemblot分析表明,外源基因在转录水平上已有表达。在短日照条件下,co转基因植株的开花时间较对照提前2周左右,但提早开花的转基因植株的青蒿素含量与未丌花的对照无明显差异,即植株开花前青蒿素含量的提高并不是由于开花本身引起的,再次证明,开花与青蒿素合成之间可能没有直接的关系。