7 resultados para History . Theoretical thought . Collaborative research . Concepts
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
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PUMA560
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We present a theoretical and experimental research about applying a very-small-aperture laser (VSAL) to detect sub-wavelength data. Near-field distribution of a VSAL, which is essential for the application of such near-field devices, will be affected by the sample or fiber posited in the near-field region of the aperture. When the device is applied to detect the sub-wavelength data, the real resolution depends on the near-field spot size, the divergent angle of the beam and the distance from the aperture to the sample. Experimental results, including the near-field detection of the spot and detection of the sub-wavelength data by using the VSAL, are presented in this paper. We realize the two dimensional scanning about the sub-wavelength data (with the width 600 nm) by employing a VSAL with a 300 nm x 300 nm aperture.
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COD 11810h1111.2358.365.6 %97 %COD59.268.6 %2pH3pH7.88.1pHpH4CODCOD0.06560.0724 1/h0.04910.0664 1/h 2100223.8 mg/L171.4 mg/L48%41.5%1.331 3 41.10ABR 1CODCOD2 Piggery wastewater, which is characterized by high concentration of CODammonium and suspend substance, has become a most important source of non-point source pollution and also severely threats drinking water security in rural area. How to discharge piggery wastewater with the ammonium concentration meeting standard by economical and effective method? This is the most urgent problem in piggery wastewater treatment. As a new biological nitrogen removal technology, Anammox process has been paid more and more attention by researchers all over the world. Anammox has advantages of no need of organic carbon addition, low oxygen consumption and energy consumption. Plenty of investigations have been carried out to the mechanism, physiological and biochemical characteristic of bacteria about Anammox. Most of researches focused on synthetic wastewater, there is rare report about its application in piggery wastewater. In this paperexperimental studies were performed to investigate Sharon process in treatment of piggery wastewaterthe start up process of Annammox using synthetic wastewater were studied, the feasibility of applying Sharon-Anammox process in the nitrogen removal of piggery wastewater was evaluated. 1. Sharon process of piggery wastewater was firstly investigated to analyze the effects of water quality and main running parameters, which meet the NH4+-N to NO2--N ratio requirement of successive Anammox. Results showed: (1)During Sharon Processafter 810 hours reaction the NH4+-N to NO2--N ratio in effluent reached 1:1.01:1.23, when the removal percentage of NH4+-N was 58.365.6 %, a semi-nitration rate of above 97 % was achieved during the process; meanwhile 59.268.6 % of the COD was also removed. (2)The aeration rateoxygen had obvious effect on the hydraulic retention time() which met the NH4+-N to NO2--N ratio requirement of Anammox. As aeration rate increased, the hydraulic retention time() was shortened. (3) The pH corresponding to was between 7.8 and 8.1, thus it needed no artificial adjustment. (4) The reduction of ammonia and COD followed the first-order reaction kinetics. The velocity constants of ammonia and COD were 0.06560.0724 1/h and 0.04910.0664 1/h, respectively. 2. The startup of Anammox process using the artificial wastewater was performed simultaneously with Sharon. The aim was to investigate the running parameters of Anammox and make foundation for the combination stage. By using the mixture of denitrifying sludge and anaerobic sludge in tank of the breeding factory, sludge of Anammox activity was cultivated in UASB after 100 days. The removal percentage of NH4+-N and NO2-N were up to 48% and 41.5%, respectively, when the NH4+-N and NO2-N influent concentration were 223.8 mg/L and 171.4 mg/L, respectively, the NH4+-N and NO2-N removal rate was 1.33:1. 3. After investigation of Sharon and startup of Anammox, effluent of Sharon process was added into the synthetic wastewater to combine Sharon and Anammox step by step. It took some time after the addition of Sharon effluent that Anammox reaction continued and the removal rate kept increasing. It indicated that nitrifying bacteria were carried by the Sharon effluent cumulated in the outer layer of Anammox. This enhanced transfer resistance of Anammox reaction and the increasing removal rate was restrained. 4. In the bio-contact oxidation pond of practical project, Sharon process were carried out successfully and organic compounds were removed effectively. An average NO2-N/ NH4+-N rate of 1:1.0 was achieved in the effluent, which met the requirement of successive Anammox. Under condition of suitable influent concentration and temperature, there was evidence that Anammox could start up in ABR. The variety of wastewater and temperature had great affects on Anammox activity in practical engineering. Innovation of this paper: (1) The Sharon process for treating piggery wastewater was discussed in details. Technological parameters that met requirement of Anammox were obtained. The dynamic models of COD and ammonium removal in the process were educed. (2) Sharon-Ananmmox for treatment of piggery wastewater was investigated, and the primary influencing factors was studied. This paper could be a theoretical consult for research of Anammox utility.
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DGDG-1.21.2MeV/40mADG-2.52.5MeV/40mA DG300mADGPLCDG-1.21.2MeV/40mA1.2MeV/50mADG-2.51.6MeV/30mA2.0MeV/40mA DGDG
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<img src="http://www.jiaodapress.com.cn/uploadfile/bookIMG/9787313054074.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="130" height="205" align="left" /> 30 5050
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Broad bandwidth group match conditions are reported for a noncollinear type I optical parametric process. The theoretical calculations corresponding to two special situations in practice were made, respectively, which are in accordance with the published experimental results. Furthermore, we provide a method to not only achieve maximal parametric bandwidth output but also match the group velocities between three waves. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.
