A novel short neurotoxin, cobrotoxin c, from monocellate cobra (Naja kaouthia) venom: isolation and purification, primary and secondary structure determination, and tertiary structure modeling

A novel short neurotoxin, cobrotoxin c (CBT C) was isolated from the venom of monocellate cobra (Naja kaouthia) using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and FPLC. Its primary structure was determined by Edman degradation. CBT C is composed of 61 amino acid residues. It differs from cobrotoxin b (CBT B) by only two amino acid substitutions, Thr/Ala11 and Arg/Thr56, which are not located on the functionally important regions by sequence similarity. However, the LD50 is 0.08 mg/g to mice, i.e. approximately five-fold higher than for CBT B. Strikingly, a structure-function relationship analysis suggests the existence of a functionally important domain on the outside of Loop III of CBT C. The functionally important basic residues on the outside of Loop III might have a pairwise interaction with alpha subunit, instead of gamma or delta subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

河南小秦岭大湖金－钼矿床地球化学及其矿床成因

秦岭造山带是华北与扬子两大古板块的接合带，在空间上，自北而南，秦岭造山带可分为华北板块南缘（华熊地块）、北秦岭造山带、南秦岭造山带和扬子板块北缘等4个构造单元。小秦岭金矿田位于华熊地块北缘，是国内外学者共识的造山型金矿田，河南灵宝大湖金－钼矿床位于小秦岭金矿田，属断控脉状矿床。大湖金－钼矿床最先正是以金矿床进行勘查的，其黄金储量28t，平均品位8.7g/t。随着开采深度的加大，部分含金石英脉向深部转变为辉钼矿－石英脉，目前探明钼资源量已达中型规模。 本论文主要从区域地质背景、矿床地质特征、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、流体包裹体地球化学、矿床年代学及成矿机理等角度对大湖金－钼矿床进行了较为系统的研究，主要获得如下认识： 成矿过程经历3个阶段：早阶段为黄铁矿-石英脉，遭受变形、破碎，应形成于挤压或压剪过程；中阶段为细粒的辉钼矿-黄铁矿-石英网脉，贯入到早阶段黄铁矿或石英矿物的裂隙（可呈共轭状），应形成于剪切环境；晚阶段石英-碳酸盐细脉具梳状构造，充填于张性或张扭性裂隙。 大湖金-钼矿床的金属硫化物ISr=0.70470-0.71312，平均0.70854；(143Nd/144Nd)i=0.51143-0.51215，平均0.51162；(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.033-17.285，(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.358-15.438，(208Pb/204Pb)i = 37.307-37.582。其围岩太华群样品平均值ISr＝0.72294，(143Nd/144Nd)i=0.51107，(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.127-18.392，(207Pb/204Pb)i =15.416-15.604，(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.498-37.814，它们的平均值分别是17.547，15.470，37.616。通过金属硫化物及围岩太华群的对比，可以看出，成矿物质具有太华群和深部地幔混合的特征。 通过对不同阶段的含矿石英脉中的流体包裹体特征研究表明，早阶段只发育CO2-H2O型流体包裹体；中阶段流体包裹体类型复杂，有纯CO2型、CO2-H2O型、H2O-NaCl型和含子晶包裹体，指示流体沸腾作用强烈；而晚阶段只发育水溶液包裹体。早、中、晚3个阶段的流体包裹体均一温度分别集中在400-500℃、290-470℃、220-260℃；估计的早、中阶段流体的最低捕获压力分别为138-331MPa和78-237MPa，对应于成矿深度分别为13.8-11.0km和7.8-8.0km。早、中阶段的压力反应出静岩压力到静水压力的转变。成矿温度和压力明显高于浅部含金石英脉的成矿温度120-310℃，成矿压力100-150MPa。与野外观察到的“上金下钼”的空间关系一致。 大湖金－钼矿床辉钼矿－石英脉Re-Os同位素模式年龄较集中，介于215.4±5.4－255.6±9.6Ma，Re-0s等时线年龄为218±41Ma(MSWD=38，2σ误差)，表明大湖金－钼矿的辉矿化形成于印支期。 三叠纪末，随着古秦岭洋的逐渐封闭，处在弧后转换带的深部岩石在挤压作用下发生变质脱水而形成初始成矿流体，成矿流体沿断裂带（韧性剪切带）向上迁移而引起大湖钼矿床成矿系统的发育。随着区域构造环境由挤压转为伸展，区域的变质脱水更强，形成大量成矿流体，变质流体上侵为浅层流体循环提供了的热能，而浅层构造也因减压扩容而为流体循环提供了通道，这无疑有利于浅层流体循环和混入成矿系统。同时，增温和减压也有利于成矿流体发生沸腾。因此，充足的流体、热以及强烈的流体沸腾等，势必导致发生最为强烈的成矿物质快速沉淀作用。随着挤压作用的减弱，伸展作用的增强，区域热异常消失，地壳深部组分发生亏损，流体以浅源大气降水占主导，成矿作用迅速衰竭，形成石英-碳酸盐网脉，对成矿作用贡献减弱。总之，通过对大湖金钼矿床研究表明，大湖金钼矿床形成于由挤压转向伸展的构造背景，这与矿床地质的特征一致。

风光互补发电系统的优化设计（I）CAD设计方法

给出了一整套利用CAD进行风光互补发电系统优化设计的方法。为了精确确定系统每小时的运行状态，采用了更精确地表征组件特性及评估实际获得的风光资源的数学模型。为了寻找出以最小设备投资成本满足用户用电要求的系统配置，首先在风力发电机容量固定不变的前提下，计算了与该容量风力发电机匹配的不同容量的PV方阵和蓄电池所组成的风／光／蓄组合的全年功率供给亏欠率LPSP，根据总的设备投资成本最小化的原则筛选出一组与该容量风力发电机对应的满足用户给定系统供电可靠性即LPSP值的风／光／蓄组合；然后通过改变风力发电机的容量，优选出多个与不同容量风力发电机对应的既能满足用户用电要求同时总的设备购置成本又是最低的风／光／蓄组合，比较它们的成本最终唯一确定出以最小投资成本满足用户用电要求的优化的系统配置。

Preparation and properties of a selenium-containing catalytic antibody as type I deiodinase mimic

Conversion of thyroxine (T-4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine is an essential first step in controlling thyroid hormone action. Type I deiodinase (DI) can catalyze the conversion to produce the bulk of serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. Acting as a mimic of DI, a selenium-containing catalytic antibody (Se-4C5) prepared by converting the serine residues of monoclonal antibody 4C5 raised against T4 into selenocysteines, can catalyze the deiodination of T4 with dithiothreitol (DTT) as cosubstrate. The mimic enzyme Se-4C5 exhibited a much greater deiodinase activity than model compound ebselen and another selenium-containing antibody Se-Hp4 against GSH. The coupling of selenocysteine with the combining pocket of antibody 4C5 endowed Se-4C5 with enzymatic activity. To probe the catalytic mechanism of the catalytic antibody, detailed kinetic studies were carried out in this paper. Investigations into the deiodinative reaction revealed the relationship between the initial velocity and substrate concentration. The characteristic parallel Dalziel plots demonstrated that Se-4C5-catalyzed reaction mechanism was ping-pong one, involving at least one covalent enzyme intermediate. The kinetic properties of the catalytic antibody were similar to those of DI, with K-m values for T-4 and DTT of approximately 0.8 muM and 1.8 muM, respectively, and a V-m value of 270 pmol per mg of protein per min. The activity could be sensitively inhibited by 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) with a K-i value of similar to 120 muM at 2.0 muM T-4 concentration. The PTU inhibition was progressively alleviated with the increasing concentration of added DTT, revealing that PTU was a competitive inhibitor for DTT.

A selenium-containing catalytic antibody with type I deiodinase activity

Acting as a mimic of type I deiodinase (DI), a selenium-containing catalytic antibody (Se-4C5) prepared by converting the serine residues of monoclonal antibody 4C5 raised against thyroxine (T-4) into selenocysteines, can catalyze the deiodination of T-4 to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T-3) with dithiothreitol (DTT) as cosubstrate. Investigations into the deiodinative reaction by Se-4C5 revealed the relationship between the initial velocity and substrate concentration was subjected to Michaelis-Menten equation and the reaction mechanism was ping-pong one. The kinetic properties of the catalytic antibody were a little similar to those of DI, with K-m values for T-4 and DTT of approximately 0.8 muM and 1.8 mM, respectively, and V-m value of 270 pmol per mg protein per min. The activity could be sensitively inhibited by PTU with a K-i value of approximately 120 muM at 2.0 muM of T-4 concentration, revealing that PTU was a competitive inhibitor for DTT, (C) 2001 Academic Press.

基于FNN's-I型多变量系统的模糊神经网络自适应控制

基于多变量T-S模型，根据文[l]中的FNN's-I型模糊神经网络结构，针对多输入多输出(MIMO)受控对象，提出了实用的多变量控制结构和算法，该方法在较少的先验知识的情况下能在线自学习有关模糊神经网络控制器的参数。最后将该控制方法应用于一实例仿真实验中，结果表明该方法是可行的、有效的。