24 resultados para GC×GC-TOFMS

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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青蒿素是从中药青蒿,学名黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)植物地上部分分离出的抗疟疾有效单体,为一种倍半萜内酯类化合物,其生物合成途径属于植物类异戊二烯代谢途径。青蒿素生物合成途径及其调控机制仍不完全清楚,本论文采用GC-MS 和GC×GC-TOFMS 方法对青蒿萜类代谢物谱进行检测,用多维统计学方法对检测结果进行整理和比较分析,研究青蒿素生物合成及其与青蒿中其他萜类代谢的关系,取得了以下结果: 一、通过GC×GC-TOFMS 方法对青蒿挥发油成分进行分析,共鉴定出303 种组分。其中挥发油中相对百分含量大于1%的10 种组分中有9 种为萜类化合物,含量接近总挥发油的50%。在相对百分含量大于0.1%的49 种成分中,有30 种萜类化合物。有27 种相对百分含量大于0.1%的成分首次在青蒿挥发油中报道,其中包括10 种萜类化合物。 二、利用GC-MS 方法分析了青蒿001 和SP18 两个青蒿素高产株系不同生长时期萜类代谢物谱,结果表明:青蒿中萜类化合物在不同时期合成和积累是动态变化的,萜类化合物的种类和数量在营养生长期随生长时间的延长而提高,在营养生长后期和现蕾前期达到最高水平,进入生殖生长后随生长时间的延长而迅速降低。通过多维统计PLS-DA(Partial Leasted Square Discriminant Analysis) 分析,确定001 中有17 个化合物的含量在不同生长时期有明显变化,其中15 个为萜类化合物。SP18 中有18 个化合物的含量在不同生长时期有明显变化,其中16 个为萜类化合物。青蒿素,青蒿酸,二氢青蒿酸,青蒿素B 都是含量变化明显的标记物。其中青蒿酸和二氢青蒿酸含量在营养生长后期达到最高水平,进入生殖生长后迅速下降,而青蒿素和青蒿素B 在整个检测时期含量变化相对较小,在营养生长时期含量已经较高,在现蕾前期含量稍有上升,进入现蕾期后有所下降,本研究确定现蕾前期为代谢物谱分析最佳取样时期,并为药材采收提供指导。 三、不同基因型青蒿代谢物谱研究表明,青蒿素高产株系SP18 和001 代谢物表现出一定的差异,通过多维统计PLS-DA 分析,共找出了22 种在两种基因型中差异明显的化合物,其中包括倍半萜化合物12 种,单萜化合物3 种,三萜化合物4 种。SP18 特征化合物为樟脑和两个未鉴定倍半萜化合物,而001 特征化合物是龙脑和β-法呢烯。另外两种基因型中青蒿素及相关前体化合物的积累模式差异明显,SP18 中二氢青蒿酸和青蒿素含量高,而青蒿酸和青蒿素B 含量极低;001 中二氢青蒿酸和青蒿素含量相对SP18 要低,但青蒿素B 和青蒿酸含量比SP18 要高。该结果表明在青蒿素高产株系中,青蒿素含量与二氢青蒿酸的含量呈正相关,结合Brown 等的活体标记研究结果分析,从二氢青蒿酸到青蒿素的转化可能是青蒿素合成的限速步骤。 四、利用GC×GC-TOFMS 方法对转基因青蒿萜类代谢物谱进行了分析,共对200 个左右化合物峰进行PLS-DA 和OSC-PLS (Orthogonal Signal Correction–Partial leasted Square)多维统计分析,结果表明:青蒿萜类代谢物谱在外源基因转入后发生显著变化,与对照株系相比均呈现显著差异。其中过量表达Amorpha-4,11-diene 合酶基因(ads)株系中青蒿素及相关化合物变化最明显,而过量表达FPP 合酶基因(fps)株系中青蒿素及相关化合物变化相对较小,在受到调控而成为差异标记物的化合物中,70%是倍半萜类化合物。 五、考察了外源茉莉酸甲酯对青蒿素生物合成的影响,结果表明:300 μM 外源茉莉酸甲酯能提高青蒿素含量,在处理后第8 天青蒿素含量提高38%。青蒿萜类代谢物谱研究表明,茉莉酸甲酯不仅可以诱导青蒿中青蒿素的合成,还能诱导很多化合物,特别是倍半萜和三萜类的合成。OSC-PLS 分析结果找出了9 个处理后含量明显提高的标记物,其中6 个倍半萜化合物,3 个三萜化合物。标记物鲨烯含量提高了67%,另一个未鉴定出结构的倍半萜提高了60%,这些化合物可能与青蒿素有着类似的调控机制,而外源喷洒茉莉酸甲酯可以作为提高青蒿素产量的有效途径之一。

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蛋黄中含有大量磷脂,其中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)最为丰富。本研究采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)与基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)联用技术分析了蛋黄中磷脂粗提物。将从蛋黄中提取的多种磷脂通过HPLC预先分离,收集各组分后分别进行MALDI-TOF MS分析得到比较清晰的质谱图。通过质谱图解析确定了蛋黄中磷脂酰胆碱、神经鞘磷脂(SM)的脂肪酸组成。

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在用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)测定蛋白质分子量的过程中,一些盐和蛋白质变性剂经常大大抑制样品信号,产生一些难以解析的离子峰,因此测试前应尽可能去除样品中的添加剂。为此,本研究建立了MALDI—TOFMS测试中在线纯化蛋白质样品的新方法。采用硝酸纤维素膜作为固相载体,将标准蛋白质溶菌酶制成含6 mol/L盐酸胍变性剂、2%SDS表面活性剂的100 mmol/L Tris—HCL溶液进行质谱测定。结果表明:新方法简单、快速,可明显增强离子峰的强度,提高测定蛋白质分子量的灵敏度。

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对9种四碱基体进行了6种半经验方法和HF/sT0—3G的计算,结果表明PM3方法对四 碱基体体系的计算比较适宜,其结果与从头算结果接近,而且大大缩短了计算时问。计算 还说明,四碱基体极有可能是通过碱基对形成.由稳定能的顺序看,除已报道的3种四碱 基体G4、G·c·G·c和u4外,一种新的G·c·G·c四碱基体也有稳定存在的可能。

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本论文系统研究了长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中四种具有抗栓活性及可以作为基础理论研究的工具酶的分离纯化,并进行了扩大化试验,得到了可直接用于工业生产的分离工艺流程。并采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)等分析手段确认了这四种酶的纯度及分子量,共获得以下几种质谱纯和电泳纯的酶A_2,其分子量为14.0kDa;三种精氨酸酯酶(AEasel、 AEase2和AEase3),它们的分子量分别为29.9kDa、27.5kDa、和28.8kDa;L-氨基酸氧化酶,其分子量为92.8 kDa;以及纤溶酶,其分子量为23.3 kDa。并对几种酶的质谱行为进行了系统研究,考察了酶的浓度等因素对多聚体多电荷离子峰形成的影响,并给出了它们的形成机理。上述酶中,我们按其分子量的大小、亚基组成以及氨基酸残基数目与文献报道的已知的酶相比较,认为L-氨基酸氧化酶、磷脂酶A_2和精氨酸酯酶2(Aease2)和精氨酸酯酶3(AEase3)是酶的新的类型。系统研究了所获得的四种酶的金属离子的含量,指出了磷脂酶A_2和纤溶酶均为Ca~(2+)离子结合蛋白,Ca~(2+)离子是酶分子活性所必需的。精氨酸酯酶和L-氨基酸氧化酶则为含Zn~(2+)酶,每个酶分子中分别含有两个和四个Zn~(2+)离子,它们仅起到稳定蛇毒酶的高级结构的作用,去除后对活性影响不大,并考察了多种金属离子对酶的活性和荧光光谱的作用。本文系统研究了四种酶的荧光光谱,用同步荧光光谱法了解了酶分子中略氨酸和色氨酸残基的微环境;用荧光淬灭方法,研究了其淬灭作用及机理,并讨论了荧光基团所处的环境。另外,还系统表征了几种酶的物理化学性质、酶学性质,得到了许多有意义的结果。

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Porous silicon powder and silica gel particles have been applied as inorganic matrices for the analysis of small molecules in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). In contrast to conventional MALDI-TOFMS, the signal interference of low-molecular analytes by the matrix has been eliminated. Almost no fragmentations of the analytes were observed. Effects of various factors, such as the particle and pore size, the suspending solution, and sample preparation procedures, on the intensity of mass spectra have been investigated. The pore structure of the inorganic matrix and penetration of the analytes into the pores must be optimized for effective desorption and ionization of the analytes. Matrices (DHB and HCCA) were covalently bound to silica gel for improvement of spectrum intensity. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)结合源后分解(PSD)技术对甲氧基封端的聚乙二醇-b-聚己内酯(MPEG-b-PCL)两嵌段共聚物进行了结构分析.根据得到的MALDI-TOFMS谱图和PSD碎片信息清晰地确定了嵌段共聚物的嵌段长度和嵌段分布.结果表明,采用MALDI-TOFMS结合PSD技术研究这类嵌段共聚物链结构非常有效.这为更好地认识和应用这类嵌段共聚物提供了重要的依据,同时也建立了分析这类嵌段共聚物的方法.

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Oxidized carbon nanotubes are tested as the matrix for analysis of the melamine by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Traditional MALDI matrix are not suit for analysis of the low molecular compounds due to the interference associated to the matrix clusters. Oxidized carbon nanotubes can transfer energy to the analyte under the laser irradiation, which makes analyte well ionized or desorbed. Moreover, the interference of the intrinsic matrix ions can be eliminated. Melamine as the a toxic additive which had been added in the milk powder, then it is necessary to establish a new method for detection of the melamine rapid and sensitive.

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A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF—MS) technique was used for analysis of moleculear weight of cytochrome C.The effects of three kinds of matrix,such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(DHB),a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(a-CHC) and sinapinic acid(SA),were used to compared and a suitable a-CHC was found.Experimental data showed that this method was properable to analysis of the congeneric biochemical samples.

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In this paper,active components of velvet antler polypeptide were extracted and separated.The molecular weight and purity of velvet antler polypeptide were determined by MALDI-TOFMS.The different influence factors such as matrix,sample concentration and laser energy were studied.This method is convenient and suitable for the identification of congener biochemical samples.

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根据Jacoson-Stockmayer(J-S)环化理论,应用基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(MAIDL-TOFMS),对一系列芳香环状低聚物组分分布进行分析,研究了芳香环状低聚物的组分分布与单体结构的关系,结果表明,在芳香聚酯、聚膦酸酯及芳香聚醚环状低聚物系列中,Inc_n与Inn呈良好的线性关系,符合J-S理论分布,在环状聚酯及聚膦酸酯系列中,低聚物的组分分布受双酚单体的中心键角影响,单体的中心键角在100°~120°之间,其中心键角愈小,γ值愈大,而在聚醚系列中,在固定一种单体的前提下,环化物的组分分布受另一单体键角的影响与环状聚酯和聚膦酸酯相一致。

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meso-Tetra (alpha, alpha, alpha, alpha-O-phenylacetyl benzene) porphyrin was used as a complete antigen to elicit monoclonal antibody 1F2 through the immunization and cell fusion techniques. McAb 1F2 obtained was demonstrated very pure by HPLC and MALDI/TOFMS. The retention time of McAb 1F2 was 2. 63 min. The subtype of McAb 1F2 was IgG2a. The relative molecular weight was 156 678. 8. When the McAb 1F2-porphyrin was formed, the maximal absorption of the porphyrin soret region had a redshift from 408 to 416 nm and hyperchromical effect, showing that the antigen-antibody combination was rigid and intense, and the abzyme constancy was high. But compared with HRP, the activity of the abzyme was only 4. 687 5 U/mg and 1. 899 % of that of HRP. Its K-m was 20. 29 mmol/L, k(cat) 396. 82 min(-1), k(cat)/K-m. 1. 955 7 X 10(4) L . mol(-1) . min(-1).

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Combination of affinity extraction procedures with mass spectrometric analyses is termed affinity-directed mass spectrometry, a technique that has gained broad interest in immunology and is extended here with several improvements from methods used in previous studies. A monoclonal antibody was immobilized on a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, allowing the corresponding antigen to be selectively captured from a complex solution for analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). This method was also used to rapidly determine the approximate binding region responsible for the antibody/antigen interaction. The tryptic fragments of antigen protein in buffer were applied to the antibody immobilized on NC film and allowed to interact. The NC film was then washed to remove salts and other unbound components, and subjected to analysis by MALDI-TOFMS. Using interferon-alpha (2a) and anti-interferon-alpha (2a) monoclonal antibody IgG as a model system, we successfully extracted the antigen protein and determined the approximate binding region for the antigen/antibody interaction (i.e., the tryptic fragment responsible). Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.