土的本构模型及其工程应用

第一章 绪论
1、1土的本构特性
1、2土本构模型的发展简史
1、3土本构模型的研究动向
2、1应力分析
第二章 连续介质力学的基本概念
2、1、1一点的应力状态、应力张量
2、1、2Cauchy公式、求和协定
2、1、3主应力
2、1、4偏应力
2、1、5八面体应力、纯剪应力、主剪应力
2、1、6应力空间、应力路径
2、1、7应力Mohr圆和应力Lode参数
2、2应变分析
2、2、1一点的应变状态、应变张量
2、2、2应变Cauchy公式
2、2、3主应变
2、2、4偏应变
2、2、5八面体应变、纯应变、主剪应变
2、2、6应变空间、应变路径
2、2、7应变率张量、应变增量张量
2、2、8应变Mohr圆
2、2、9有限应变
2、3基本方程
2、3、1连续方程
2、3、2运动微分方程
2、3、3协调方程
2、3、4能量方程
2、3、5本构方程
2、3、6边界条件和初始条件
第三章 经典塑性理论简述
3、1屈服准则
3、1、1初始屈服
3、1、2后继屈服
3、1、3几种屈服条件
3、2加载和卸载准则
3、2、1理想塑性材料的加载和卸载
3、2、2硬化材料的加载和卸载准则
3、3硬化规律
3、3、1各向同性硬化模型
3、3、2随动硬化模型
3、3、3混合硬化模型
3、4塑性公设
3、4、1Drucker塑性公设
3、4、2Ильюшин塑性公设
3、5流动规则
3、5、1塑性位势理论的基本概念
3、5、2流动规则
3、6塑性形变理论与塑性增量理论
3、6、1塑性形变理论
3、6、2塑性增量理论
第四章 土的弹性本构模型
4、1线弹性模型
4、1、1广义Hook定律
4、1、2正交各向异性线弹性体
4、1、3横观各向同性线弹性体
4、1、4各向同性线弹性体
4、2应变能和应变余能
4、3能量正定性与弹性材料稳定性
4、4具有割线模量的非线性弹性模型
4、4、1全量型应力—应变关系
4、4、2增量型应力—应变关系
4、5Cauchy弹性模型
4、5、1全量型Cauchy弹性模型应力—应变关系
4、5、2增量型Cauchy弹性模型应力—应变关系
4、6超弹性模型
4、6、1全量型超弹性模型应力—应变关系
4、6、2增量型超弹性模型的应力—应变关系
4、7次弹性模型
4、8结语
5、1本构关系的普遍表达式
第五章 土的弹性—理想塑性模型
5、2本构模型中材料常数的确定
5、3本构模型的数值计算
5、4Prandtl—Reuss模型
5、5Drucker—Prager模型
5、6Coulomb模型
6、1本构关系的普遍表达式
第六章 土的弹性—硬化塑性模型
6、2剑桥模型
6、3修正剑桥模型
6、4Lade—Duncan模型
6、5帽盖模型
6、5、1一般增量应力—应变关系与刚度矩阵的推导
6、5、2模型的拟合过程
6、5、3帽盖模型的数值计算
第七章 土的粘弹塑性模型
7、1土的流变学基本模型
7、2Maxwell体模型
7、3Kelvin体模型
7、4粘塑性体模型
7、5三元模型
7、6多元件组合模型
8、1弹塑性横观各向同性模型
第八章 土本构模型的近期发展
8、2非线性弹性—硬化塑性帽盖模型
8、3弹/粘塑性动态帽盖模型
8、4多重屈服面模型
8、5边界面模型
8、6内时本构方程
9、1基础的沉降与塌陷
第九章 土本构模型在工程中的应用
9、1、1具有不同材料常数的Drucker—Prager模型
9、1、2具有非相关联流动的Drucker—Prager模型
9、1、3具有相关流动的帽盖模型
9、2堤坝的非线性分析
9、3基坑开挖的非线性分析
9、3、1基坑竣工后状况
9、3、2边坡对地震过程的响应
9、3、3地震后的滑移
参考文献

长吻和异育银鲫对玉米淀粉利用差异的比较研究

在同一实验条件下,通过8周生长实验比较研究了不同玉米淀粉含量的饲料对长吻和异育银鲫生长、饲料利用和鱼体组成的影响,以探讨肉食性和杂食性鱼类对玉米淀粉利用的差异。长吻的实验饲料是5种等氮等脂、玉米淀粉含量分别为0、5%、10%、15%和20%的半精制饲料。异育银鲫的实验饲料是5种等氮等脂、玉米淀粉含量分别为6%、12%、18%、24%和30%的半精制饲料。每天饱食投喂鱼两次。实验结果表明:对于长吻,玉米淀粉含量为5%和10%饲料组的特定生长率显著高于另外3组(Duncan s多重比较,P<0.05)。

Quantitative traits correlative analysis and growth comparison among different populations of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians

The shell traits and weight traits are measured in cultured populations of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. The results of regression analysis show that the regression relationships for all the traits are significant (P < 0.01). The correlative coefficients between body weight, as well as tissue weight with shell length, shell height and shell width are significant (P < 0.05). But the correlative coefficients between the anterior and posterior auricle length with body weight as well as tissue weight are not significant (P > 0.05). The multiple regression equation is obtained to estimate live body weight and tissue weight. The above traits except anterior and posterior auricle length are used for the growth and production comparison among three cultured populations, Duncan's new multiple range procedure analysis shows that all the traits in the Lingshuiqiao (LSQ) population are much more significant than those of the other two populations (P < 0.01), and there is no significant difference between the Qipanmo (QPM) and Dalijia (DLJ) populations in all traits (P > 0.05). The results indicate that the LSQ population has a higher growth rate and is expected to be more productive than the other two populations.

Genetic improvement on Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis): growth and viability performance in F1 hybrids of different populations

Fenneropenaeus chinensis distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Different geographical populations represent potentially different genetic resources. To learn further the characteristics of different geographical population, crosses among two wild and three farmed populations were produced. The two wild populations were from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (WYP), and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and coast (WKN). The three farmed populations included the offspring of first generation of wild shrimp from coast in Korea (FKN), the Huang Hai (the Yellow Sea in Chinese) No.1 (HH1), and JK98. The phenotypes growth and survival rates of these populations were compared to confirm the feasibility for crossbreeding. The body length (BL), carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW), height of the second and third abdominal segment (HST), width of the second and third abdominal segment (WST), length of the first abdominal segment (LF), length of the last abdominal segment (LL), live body weight (BW), and survival rate were measured. Different combinations were statistically performed with ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results show that the survival rate of JK98(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),) was the highest, followed by WYP(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),), FKN(a (TM) Euro)xWYP(a (TM),), FKN(a (TM) Euro)xHH1(a (TM),) and WYP(a (TM) Euro)xFKN(a (TM),); the body weight of FKN(a (TM) Euro)sxHH1(a (TM),) was the highest, followed by FKN(a (TM) Euro)xWYP(a (TM),), WYP(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),), WYP(a (TM) Euro)xFKN(a (TM),) and JK98(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),); the total length had the same ranking as the body weight. All growth traits in hybrids JK98(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),) were the lowest among all combinations. F1 hybrids had significant difference (P < 0.05) in BL, CL, HST, LL, and BW; and insignificant difference (P > 0.05) in other growth traits and survival rate. The results of Duncan's Multiple Range Test are that BL and CL of JK98(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),) were significantly different from the other combinations; HST different from the combination of FKN(a (TM) Euro)xWYP(a (TM),), FKN(a (TM) Euro)xHH1(a (TM),) and WYP(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),); and BW different from FKN(a (TM) Euro)xWYP(a (TM),) and FKN(a (TM) Euro)xHH1(a (TM),). As a whole, the results indicate that the FKN(a (TM) Euro)xHH1(a (TM),) was the best combination in all growth traits. Therefore, hybridization can introduce the variation to base populations. The systematic selection program based on additive genetic performance may be more effective than crossbreeding.