207 resultados para DIMETALLOFULLERENES SC-2-AT-C-84

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This overview presents the recent progress in the area of endohedral metallofullerenes in the past several years. The important results have been summarized as follows: (1) Many metals including Group 3 metals, most of the lanthanide series elements, and Group 2 metals have been encapsulated into a fullerene cage to form mono-, di-, and trimetallofullerenes by using the arc-evaporation technique. (2) Some endohedral metallofullerenes such as Group 3 metals, most of the lanthanide series elements, Group 2 metals, and some of their isomers have been successfully isolated and purified by a two-step or several-step HPLC technique. By using high-temperature and high-pressure extraction with pyridine, Ln@C-80, Ln@C-82, and Ln2@C-80 for most rare-earth metals have been selectively extracted in high yield (about 1% of the saw soot) from fullerenes and other size metallofullerenes. (3) The endohedral nature of metallofullerenes such as Y@C-82, Sc2@C-84, and Sc@C-82 has been finally confirmed by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. The symmetries and the structures of metallofullerenes such as Ca@C-82(III), La-2@C-80(I-h), Sc-2@C-84(D-2d), and Sc-2@C-84(C-s) have been confirmed by NMR measurements. (Lb) The information on the electronic structures and properties of endohedral metallofullerenes has been obtained by various spectrometric means Such as EPR, W-vis-MR, XPS, CV. It is generally accepted that three-electron transfer is favorable when M = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Lu but Sc, Eu, Sm, Yb, Tm, Ca, Sr, Ba prefer to donate two electrons to the fullerene cages. (5) Several chemical reactions of endohedral metallofullerenes have been reported in which reagents are disilacyclopropane, digermacyclopropane, diphenyldiazomethane, and trifluoroacetic acid. (6) Mass spectrometry provided the crucial evidence that led to the discovery of metallofullerenes in 1985 and has always played a key role in their identification and characterization, Ion-mobility measurements of gas-phase ions have obtained the information of structures and the formation mechanism of endohedral metallofullerenes. till Theoretical calculations on the endohedral metallofullerenes have made an important contribution to the studies on the symmetry of the cage, the position of metal atom(s) inside the cage, the number of electronic transfer between metal atom(s) and fullerene cage, etc. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The novel NS-containing zirconacycle complexes Cp2ZrCl[SC(H)NR] (1a, R = C6H5; 1b, R = 2-C10H7; 1c, R= C-C6H11; 1d; R = n-C4H9) were obtained by insertion reactions of Cp2Zr(H)Cl with RNCS. 1(a-d) could react further with Cp2Zr(H)Cl to yield a sulphur-bridging compleX (Cp2ZrCl)2S (2) and a Schiff base RN=CH2. The crystal structure of la has been determined by X-ray analysis.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

采用Cr/Al催化体系,成功地合成了全同1,2-聚丁二烯(PBD),并用DSC方法、X-射线衍射、红外光谱及~(13)C-NMR的方法进行结构与物性测定,得如下结果:全同1,2-PBD的熔点为124.3℃;三角晶系中,分子链成了螺旋,晶胞参数为a=17.3A,c= 6.5A;在红外光谱中,其特征谱带出现在694.4 cm~(-1)处;在~(13)C-NMR谱中仅出现四条谱峰,其化学位移分别为142.51、111.56、39.26、37.43 ppm。全同1,2-PBD的~(13)C-NMR谱提供的实验数据表明,在~(13)C-NMR谱中1,2-PBD-CH二碳十个五元组谱峰的归属是有别于Elgert、Kumar已有的归属。它属于一种新的归属,与半经验方法所推演的结果相符。它恰巧同聚丙烯侧甲基五元组谱峰的归属一致。采用半经验方法研究了1,2-PBD的~(13)C-NMR增中CH二碳五元组、CH_2-碳四元组及六元组共振谱峰,同时讨论了模型链的链长、温度以及立构序列的排列对各立构序列键概率的影响,求得了相应的r值。同时采用经验方法对1,2-PBD的~(13)C-NMR谱中CH_2=碳、CH-碳五元组及CH_2-碳四元组谱峰做了归属。两种方法对CH_2-碳谱峰的归属得到了一致的结果。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A reinvestigation of the reaction between C-60(2-) and benzyl bromide in benzonitrile containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) has shown that there are more reaction products than previously reported. Use of a silica rather than a "Buckyclutcher I" column for HPLC purification led to isolation of two previously unattained products in the reaction mixture, one of which was identified as 1,2-(PhCH2)(2)C-60 by UV-vis and NMR. The earlier incorrectly assigned 1,2-(PhCH2)(2)C-60 was identified as the methanofullerene C61HPh by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The electrochemistry of genuine 1,2-(PhCH2)(2)C-60 shows that its first reduction potential in PhCN containing 0.1 M TBAP is cathodically shifted by 100 mV with respect to E-1/2 for reduction of 1,4-(PhCH2)(2)C-60, indicating that the addition pattern significantly affects the electrochemistry of derivatized C-60. Visible and near-IR spectra of the monoanion and dianion of 1,2-(PhCH2)(2)C-60 are also reported.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文测定了一系列具有不同微观结构的1,2-聚丁二烯样品在四种溶剂的50.3MHz ~(13)C自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T_1)和核Overhauser效应(NOE)值。并用Schaefer logx~2相关时间分布模型对实验数据进行了拟合。研究了1,2-聚丁二烯在溶液中的~(13)C-NMR弛豫的溶剂效应及其与结构的关系。发现聚合物与溶剂的溶解度参数之差△δ越大,聚合物在溶液中协同链段运动趋向越明显,~(13)C自旋-晶格弛豫速率(1/T_1)越大;1,2-链节较少,分子链较柔顺时,~(13)C-NMR弛豫受溶剂影响较显著。NMR弛豫参数对结构变化的反应在良溶剂中比在不良溶剂中敏感。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

以Sumner法和界面铺张-硝酸银技术观察, 表明尼罗罗非鱼的2n=44, 核型可分为3组,各具4对亚中着丝粒染色体、17对亚端着丝粒染色体和1对端着丝粒的特大染色体。结构异染色质主要分布于着丝粒附近, 其中Nos.6、8、15亚中着丝粒染色体短臂全部深染。带有银染核仁组织者(Ag-NORs)染色体的数目为2—6条, NORs均位于6、8、15亚中着丝粒染色体短臂。银染色可清楚显示联会复合体(SC)结构和减数分裂行为。SC组型与有丝分裂染色体的组型有较好的一致性 。图版2图2表2参13

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

工业革命以来,由于人口的快速增加和人类活动的强烈干扰(主要包括煤炭、石油等石化燃料的燃烧、化肥生产和使用)导致土地利用/覆被变化、大气CO2浓度升高、N沉降等一系列全球环境变化问题。有关陆地生态系统生物地球化学循环,尤其是陆地生态系统C、N循环及其耦合过程方面的研究成为全球变化科学研究领域的重要内容。 干旱/半干旱地区占地球陆地总面积的1/3。与湿润地区相比较,干旱/半干旱地区生态系统稳定性比较差,往往属于生态脆弱区。因此,全球变化对干旱/半干旱地区生态系统影响更加敏感。科尔沁沙地位于我国北方干旱/半干旱地区,是我国典型的农牧交错区和生态脆弱区。科尔沁沙地是世界上人口密度最高的干旱/半干旱地区之一,人类活动对其影响剧烈。然而,有关科尔沁沙地生态系统C、N元素生物地球化学循环过程对土地利用/覆被变化、N沉降等全球变化响应及其反馈机制的研究非常缺乏。因此,本文以科尔沁沙地退化沙质草地、农田、不同年龄樟子松和杨树人工林等生态系统为对象,开展了造林、模拟N沉降和凋落物管理对生态系统C、N元素循环过程影响的研究。 在科尔沁沙地东南缘,以退化沙质草地、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)人工林(15、24和30年生)、杨树(Poplus xiaozhuanica)人工林(7、11和15年生)为对象,研究草地转变为林地对生态系统C、N储量影响;以退化草地、榆树疏林草地和32年生樟子松人工林为对象,比较草地造林对土壤C、N循环过程及其土壤微生物性状的影响;以农田和5、10、15年生杨树人工林为对象,研究退耕还林对生态系统C、N储量和循环过程影响;以35年生樟子松人工林为对象,模拟研究N沉降和凋落物管理对生态系统C、N循环过程影响。通过上述研究,得到以下主要结果: (1)草地生态系统总C储量为34.38 Mg ha-1,15、24和30年生樟子松人工林生态系统总C储量分别为43.56、60.45和66.59 Mg ha-1,7、11和15年生杨树人工林生态系统总C储量分别为34.54、48.26和78.77 Mg ha-1;与农田相比,退耕5年的杨树人工林生态系统总C库储量下降13%,而10年和15年杨树人工林分别增加了176%和5倍;随着人工林年龄的增加,地上植被生物量C库储量占生态系统总C库储量的比例逐渐增加,并主要分配在树干。草地生态系统总N库储量为2.54 Mg ha-1,15、24和30年生樟子松人工林生态系统总N库储量分别为1.96、2.10和2.19 Mg ha-1,7、11和15年生杨树人工林生态系统总N库储量分别为2.27、1.84和2.60 Mg ha-1;与农田相比,退耕5年的杨树人工林生态系统总N库储量下降32%,而10年和15年杨树人工林分别增加了47%和76%;农田和草地造林后生态系统N储量依然主要分配在土壤中。 (2)草地和农田造林后土壤C、N库储量的变化受多因子的影响,例如林龄、树种种类以及立地条件等。农田和草地造林初期,土壤C、N库储量表现出下降趋势,随着林龄的增加,土壤C、N储量逐渐恢复。草地营造樟子松人工林30年后,0–60 cm深度土壤C、N储量依然显著低于草地;与草地相比,15年生杨树人工林土壤C、N储量差异不显著。在立地条件较好的情况下,10年杨树人工林土壤C、N储量已显著高于农田;然而,在立地条件相对较差的情况下,15年杨树人工林土壤C、N储量仍然与农田相比差异不显著。 (3)土地利用变化能够强烈地改变土壤C、N循环过程。与草地或疏林草地相比,32年生樟子松人工林土壤C、N、P含量显著降低;土壤C、N矿化过程发生显著变化,并且受季节变化的影响;在不同季节,土壤微生物量碳含量、代谢熵(qCO2)、微生物熵(MBC/TOC)以及土壤酶活性等在不同土地利用条件下表现出规律不一致。同样,农田退耕杨树人工林能够显著影响土壤C、N矿化过程,土壤无机氮(铵态氮+硝态氮)含量,土壤微生物量碳含量以及土壤微生物活性。草地造林在一定程度上导致土壤质量下降。而农田造林有利于土壤质量改善,尤其在在立地条件较好情况下。 (4)N添加增加对沙地樟子松人工林地上和地下C、N元素含量影响不大;N添加1年后,仅林下植被C、N含量显著增加,高氮处理(N15)凋落物N含量显著增加。N添加抑制了沙地樟子松人工林凋落物的早期分解和N、P元素释放。5、6、8和9月份土壤无机N含量均随着N输入增加表现出一定程度的增加,然而,7月份N添加导致土壤无机N含量降低。N添加对土壤潜在N矿化速率影响不显著。7和8月份N添加影响土壤C矿化速率,而其它月份影响不显著。低氮处理(N5)有利于增加土壤微生物量碳含量,而高氮处理(N15)在一定程度上降低土壤微生物量碳含量。 (5)凋落物输入变化(凋落物添加和凋落物移出)在一定程度上改变了35年生沙地樟子松人工林生态系统C、N循环过程。凋落物移出(C0)增加了林下植被C含量,降低了树木叶片N含量。凋落物移出抑制了凋落物分解和P元素的释放,而增加了C元素的早期释放速率,对N元素释放过程影响不显著。凋落物输入变化对不同月份土壤无机N含量和土壤N矿化过程影响均不显著。仅在6月份凋落物移出显著抑制了土壤C矿化速率,其它月份差异均不显著。凋落物管理对土壤微生物量碳含量影响不显著。 以上研究结果表明,土地利用变化、N沉降和凋落物输入改变等能够影响半干旱地区沙地生态系统C、N储量和循环过程。尤其是土地利用变化强烈改变沙地生态系统C、N储量、分配格局和循环过程,并且受到多因子的影响。科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林生态系统C、N元素生物地球化学循环存在密切的耦合关系。今后有必要进一步结合3S技术、同位素技术、模型模拟以及分子生物学技术等,从微观-宏观不同尺度上,研究半干旱地区沙地生态系统C、N循环过程对全球变化的响应及其反馈机制。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

爆轰驱动过程中产生的高温高压气流对铝质膜片、激波管壁产生烧蚀和冲刷作用,以致激波管壁、端盖上附有氧化铝等杂质,而高温下AlO自由基在气体分子的高速碰撞下被激发并产生强烈的辐射,从而干扰了高温气体辐射光谱的分析。用爆轰驱动加热技术将空气加热到4 000~7 000 K,利用多通道光学分析仪对AlO自由基辐射光谱进行分析,实验发现在460~530 nm波长范围内有多支辐射非常强烈的AlO自由基B2Σ+-X2Σ+(T00=20 689 cm-1)带系辐射谱带,且每支谱带都由多个带头组成,带头间隔约为2 nm,带头处于高频位置并向低频方向伸延。通过实验与理论计算相结合,重点分析了AlO自由基B2Σ+-X2Σ+带系辐射光谱的结构特征。AlO自由基C2Πr-X2Σ+(T00=33 047 cm-1)带系辐射光谱处于270~335 nm波长范围内,其辐射强度相对于B2Σ+-X2Σ+带系较弱,并且与OH基A2Σ+-X2Π(T00=32 682 cm-1)带系辐射光谱互相干扰而难以分辨,对该波段高温空气的辐射光谱分析产生不利的影响。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在糖化学合成中,1,6-脱水吡喃糖不仅是合成具有生物活性低聚糖、糖共体、抗原、抗体以及天然产物等化合物重要原料,而且还是许多具有生物活性的天然产物的结构单元。同时,它还具有[3,2,1]的双环缩醛结构,使其在糖化学合成中具有高的立体选择性和区域选择性,同时减少了C-1 和C-6 位的保护和去保护的优点。此外,环内的缩醛开环后,又可以相应地在C-1 和C-6 位进行官能团转化以及糖苷化反应。 本文报道了一种新的1,6-脱水吡喃糖的合成方法,并设计合成了2-C-支链-1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖1-195、1-197、1-198 以及2-C-支链-6-硫代1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖1-225。到目前为止,1,6-脱水糖开环并进行糖苷化反应,存在选择性较差、产率低的缺点。我们发现,在乙腈做溶剂的条件下,NiCl5 能高立体选择性高产率地催化化合物1-195、1-197、1-198 开环并与ROH、RSH 发生糖苷化反应。在NiCl5-乙腈条件下,合成了一系列2-C-支链-α-糖苷和2-C-支链-β-硫代糖苷,并对2-C-支链1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖的生成机理以及开环机理进行了探讨。 烯糖在糖化学合成中是重要的起始原料,从Fischer 首次合成烯糖至今,一直不断地有新的合成方法出现。但目前文献报道的方法存在所用试剂有毒、价格贵和操作繁琐等缺点。我们对Fischer-Zach 方法进行了改进, 发现Zn-NaH2PO4-H2O 和Zn-PEG600-H2O 体系都能很好地合成烯糖。该方法具有条件温和、绿色环保、操作简单的优点。在Zn-NaH2PO4 溶液或Zn-PEG600 条件下,以溴代糖为原料,高产率地合成一系列的烯糖。 The 1,6-anhydrohexopyranoses are crucial subunits of myriad bioactive nature products, as well as important syntons of carbohydrate chemistry which have been extensively used to prepare the biologically potential oligosaccharides, glycoconjugates, antibiotics, and structurally varied nature products. Their particular [3.2.1] bicyclic skeleton makes them have high regio- and stereo-control in a variety of reactions, and such structure avoids protecting hydroxyl groups at C1 and C6.Additionally, the cleavage of the internal acetal under acidic conditions could be beneficial for further transformations of functional group and glycosylation of the corresponding pyranosyl sugar at the C6 or C1 site. Herein we developed a novel approach to prepare the 1,6-anhydrohexopyranose, and synthesized the 2-C-branched-1,6-anhydrohexopyranose 1-195, 1-197, 1-198 and 2-C-branched-6-thio-1,6-anhydrohexopyranose 1-225. Until now, glycosylation of 1,6-anhydrohexopyranoses has been limited because of the low yields and low stereoselectivity. In this paper, we found that NiCl5-MeCN system could selectively cleave the ring of 1,6-anhydrohexopyranoses with alcohols and thiols at room temperature in high yields. A series of 2-C-branched-α-glycosides and 2-C-branched-β-thioglycosides have been synthesized via NiCl5-catalyzed. Furthermore, we investigated the formation and ring-opening mechanism of 2-C-acetylmethyl-1,6-anhydrohexopyranose. Glycals are significant starting material in carbohydrate chemistry. After the Fischer-Zach method for forming glucal was reported for the first time, the numerous synthetic methods for glycals have been explored. However, there are several drawbacks in the existing methods, such as the usage of very expensive and toxic reagents, intricate operation, and the influence of acid-sensitive and base-sensitive functional group. We improved the Fischer-Zach method and developed a facile, mild and environmentally benign methodology towards the synthesis of the glycals in Zn-NaH2PO4-H2O or Zn-PEG600-H2O system. Our method involves the treatment of glycosyl bromides with Zn in NaH2PO4 aqueous solution or PEG600-H2O at room temperature, affording various glycals in excellent yields.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

80年代初,Kurihara 等开发的 PEC—1000复合膜,首次实现了工业规模的海水一级淡化,并在无机和有机水溶液的分离和浓缩方面显示了巨大潜力。据分析这种高效分离膜的功能分离层的主要结构成分是糠醇(FA)和三(?)2一羟乙基(?)异氰尿酸酯(THEIC)

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

采用气相传输平衡技术在掺Sr^2+的α-BBO(001)衬底上制备了β-BBO薄膜,研究了粉料配比、VTE处理温度以及恒温时间对薄膜质量的影响。结果表明,在适当的粉料配比、VTE处理温度以及恒温时间下,在Sr^2+:α-BBO晶片表层制备呈c轴高度择优取向的、没有第二相物质的β-BBO薄膜,其双晶摇摆曲线半峰宽值FWHM为1000",显示出β-BBO薄膜较好的结晶质量。并对气相传输平衡技术制备β-BBO薄膜的机理进行了初步的探讨。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

TMVA, a novel C-type lectin-like protein that induces platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, was purified from the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus. It consists of two subunits, alpha (15,536 Da) and beta (14,873 Da). The mature amino acid sequences of the a (135 amino acids) and beta subunits (123 amino acids) were deduced from cloned cDNAs. Both of the sequences show great similarity to C-type lectin-like venom proteins, including a carbohydrate recognition domain. The cysteine residues of TMVA are conserved at positions corresponding to those of flavocetin-A and convulxin, including the additional Cys135 in the alpha subunit and Cys3 in the beta subunit. SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry analysis and amino acid sequence showed that native TMVA exists as two convertible multimers Of (alphabeta)(2) and (alphabeta)(4) with molecular weights of 63,680 and 128,518 Da, respectively. The (alphabeta)(2) complex is stabilized by an interchain disulfide bridge between the two alphabeta-heterodimers, whereas the stabilization of the (alphabeta)(4) complex seems to involve non-covalent interactions between the (alphabeta)(2) complexes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

黑眉锦蛇的二倍体染色体数目为2n=36, 核型组成为16(8m+6sm+2t)大染色体 +20微小染色体 。C带显现于几乎所有染色体的着丝粒区, 有一对插入型C带位 于第6对端着丝粒染色体。黑 眉锦蛇减数分裂精母细胞联会复合体(SC)的结构与 其他动物的SC相似, 是由两股平行的侧线组成, SC组型与有丝分裂染色体组型 有较好的一致性。图版2图2表1参16