5 resultados para Cholinergic

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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吗啡和胆碱能系统的相互作用已在多项研究中提到,本实验想查明吗啡是否能和胆碱能拮抗剂、东莨菪碱以及阿托品共同作用对小鼠的Y迷宫空间识别记忆提取产生影响.采用测试前腹腔给药的方法,选用3种剂量的吗啡(5、1.5、0.5mg/kg),两种剂量的东莨菪碱(1、0.1mg/kg),以及两种剂量的阿托品(0.5、0.1mg/kg),剂量由高到低相配对作为联合给药的手段.其结果表明:1)0.5mg/kg低剂量吗啡与0.1 mg/kg低剂量的东莨菪碱,或与0.1 mg/kg低剂最的阿托品联合给药的小鼠,在记忆提取测试中, 空间探查行为(各臂停留时间百分比)对新异臂没有偏好,而新奇探索行为(各臂访问次数百分比)仍保持了对新异臂的偏好,而相应剂最药物单独给药的小鼠记忆提取均没有被损害;2)吗啡能和东莨菪碱相互作用使小鼠的活动性显著增强.暗示吗啡和胆碱能拮抗剂对小鼠空间记忆提取的破坏存在一定程度的相互作用.

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It is well known that the cholinergic system plays a crucial role in learning and memory. Psychopharmacological studies in humans and animals have shown that a systemic cholinergic blockade may induce deficits in learning and memory. Accumulated studies h

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阿片,多巴胺、胆碱及谷氨酸神经递质系统在学习记忆中起着重要作用,且它们之间存在着相互关系,它们的功能失调和人类一些精神疾病密切相关。本论文分别探讨了这4类递质系统在学习记忆中的作用,并选用不同剂量的吗啡合并多巴胺受体激动剂和拮抗剂,胆碱拮抗剂,NMDA受体拮抗剂在小鼠和猕猴空间记忆任务中,检测阿片和这些神经递质系统之间的相互关系。结果发现:吗啡依赖于剂量和任务间隔地致使小鼠Y-迷宫空间识别记忆和猕猴工作记忆受损;海洛因依赖患者出现依赖性别和任务方向的地图/图标跟随和记忆认知障碍;多巴胺受体激动剂和拮抗剂对小鼠和猕猴的空间记忆有不同影响;胚胎期及成长期阻断多巴胺受体功能,可引起小鼠一系列学习记忆及活动性改变,撤药后是否逆转根据不同的抗精神病药物而不同;乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂损伤小鼠和猕猴的空间记忆;NMDA受体拮抗剂氯胺酮可使小鼠空间记忆巩固过程受损,但不影响非空间记忆;MK-801损伤猕猴迷宫空间记忆再现,并降低2种延缓反应的工作记忆;当合并吗啡和其它神经递质药物时,可见吗啡和多巴胺受体激动剂和拮抗剂,乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂,NMDA受体拮抗剂均有不同程度的相互作用,有关作用机制还有待进一步实验的探讨。了解阿片和其它神经递质系统相互作用的机制将有助于揭示药物成瘾的生化机理,寻找药物心理成瘾等神经精神疾病的治疗手段和策略。

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一、蜜蜂嗅觉学习记忆应用基础研究特殊气味的探测在刑侦工作中意义重大,常用的警犬探测和仪器分析都有其局限之处。蜜蜂嗅觉灵敏,且学习记忆能力突出,具有为刑侦工作所用的潜力。基于此,我们希望通过训练蜜蜂将其对糖水奖励的伸喙反应与指定气味建立条件反射的原理,配合适当的训练方法,达到利用蜜蜂探测危险气味的目的。在实验中,我们首先比较了不同喂养方式的蜜蜂在气味学习中的差别。由于低浓度气味无法直接使蜜蜂建立条件化,我们采用了逐渐降低气味浓度的方法,成功训练蜜蜂对低浓度(3.6×10-7) 醋酸气味建立了条件反射。结果如下: 1)自然放养与人工孵化两种不同喂养方式的蜜蜂,各两组,分别学习醋酸CS+/薄荷CS-,或柠檬CS+/薄荷CS-的气味配对。以“获得(CS+),巩固(CS-/CS+ CS+/CS- CS-/CS+),检测,干净空气假阳性检测”的顺序操作。结果显示自然放养蜜蜂对醋酸气味没有偏好(第一次给醋酸气味伸喙率:6%),学习醋酸气味能力较低(24小时后检测正确率:66%, n=25),相对应,该类蜜蜂对柠檬气味显示出明显偏好(第一次给柠檬气味伸喙率:41%,P< 0.01),而学习效果(检测正确率:50%,n=20)与醋酸组相近(P>0.05)。人工孵化的蜜蜂对醋酸气味学习能力较自然放养蜜蜂大大提高(检测正确率:96%, n=32, P<0.01),同时对柠檬的学习结果(检测正确率:80%, n=32)也明显提高(0.01

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Two experiments were designed to examine the role of the cholinergic agents, anisodine and huperzine A, and related mechanisms. In experiment 1, the effects of anisodine and huperzine A on rat performance in Morris water maze were observed. It was found that the drugs injected before daily training had significant effect on performance of place navigation task and transfer test, while the drugs injected after daily training, before retest and overtraining had no such effect. the results indicated that the drugs, which only have effects on reference memory related to cognitive mapping strategy, may mediate the acquisition process of memory. In experiment 2, the spontaneous hippocampol neuronal activities and the effects of the drugs on them in awake rabbits were observed. The results showed that anisodine had significant inhibitory effect on the activities, the opposite effect was found in huperzine A. Furthermore, sensory stimulation and administration of huperzine A have similar effects. It was sujested that hipppocampus be directly relavent to transmission of information to memory storage system, in which the role of central cholinergic system is critical.