COIL亚声速段横向喷流混合流场数值分析

COIL是一个气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学相互耦合的复杂过程.作为高总压COIL系统研究的第一步,利用三维CFD技术对传统的COIL亚声速段横向射流混合过程进行了数值分析,讨论了包括压力梯度驱动项的分子扩散机制,得到了横向射流的较精细的结构,如马蹄形射流界面、逆旋涡对以及射流剪切层.结果表明,压力梯度驱动项对重、轻组分的扩散作用相反,重组分沿压力梯度正向扩散,轻组分逆压力梯度方向扩散.在射流穿透不足的情况下,仍然在喷管出口得到了约为0.01 cm-1的小信号增益系数.

Semi-gas kinetics model for performance modeling of flowing chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COIL)

A semi-gas kinetics (SGK) model for performance analyses of flowing chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) is presented. In this model, the oxygen-iodine reaction gas flow is treated as a continuous medium, and the effect of thermal motions of particles of different laser energy levels on the performances of the COIL is included and the velocity distribution function equations are solved by using the double-parameter perturbational method. For a premixed flow, effects of different chemical reaction systems, different gain saturation models and temperature, pressure, yield of excited oxygen, iodine concentration and frequency-shift on the performances of the COIL are computed, and the calculated output power agrees well with the experimental data. The results indicate that the power extraction of the SGK model considering 21 reactions is close to those when only the reversible pumping reaction is considered, while different gain saturation models and adjustable parameters greatly affect the output power, the optimal threshold gain range, and the length of power extraction.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLOWFIELD IN A SUPERSONIC COIL WITH AN INTERLEAVED JET CONFIGURATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GAIN DISTRIBUTION

In a supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) operating without primary buffer gas, the features of flowfield have significant effects on the Laser efficiency and beam quality. In this paper three-dimensional, multi-species, chemically reactive CFD technology was used to study the flowfield in mixing nozzle implemented with a supersonic interleaving jet configuration. The features of the flowfield as well as its effect on the spatial distribution of small signal gain were analyzed.

A moving-coil designed micro-mechanics tester with application on MEMS

A moving-coil designed micro-mechanics tester, named as MicroUTM (universal testing machine), is in-house developed in this paper for micro-mechanics tests. The main component is a moving coil suspended in a uniform magnetic field through a set of springs. When a current passes through the coil, the electromagnetic force is proportional to the magnitude of the current, so the load can easily be measured by the current. The displacement is measured using a capacitive sensor. The load is calibrated using a Sartorius BP211D analytical balance, with a resolution/range of 0.01 mg/80 g or 0.1 mg/210 g. The displacement is calibrated using a HEIDENHAIN CT-6002 length gauge with an accuracy of +/- 0.1 mu m. The calibration results show that the load range is +/- 1 N and the displacement range is +/- 300 mu m. The noise levels of the load and displacement are 50 mu N and 150 nm, respectively. The nonlinearity of the load is only 0.2%. Several in-plane load tests of the MEMS micro-cantilever are performed using this tester. Experimental results, with excellent repeatability, demonstrate the reliability of the load measurement as well as the flexible function of this tester.

The effects of coil current distribution in a cylindrical electron-cyclotron-resonance reactor

Using a 2-D hybrid model, the authors have found that external currents play an important role in the plasma parameters in the reactor. The plasma density, temperature and electrostatic potential would be significantly influenced by the applied external currents.

COIL基于小信号增益系数的最佳流量配比选择

氧碘化学激光器（COIL）的混合喷管内发生的是气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学等相互耦合的复杂过程，每个过程都对COIL性能有着至关重要的影响。利用3维CFD技术，通过求解层流Navier—Stokes方程与组分输运方程，结合10种组分和21个基元反应的化学反应模型，对简化后的化学氧碘激光RADICI。模型在亚声速段横向射流情况下，不同的主副流流量配比对小信号增益系数的影响情况进行了比较与分析。结果证明：过高或过低的碘分子浓度均不利于产生合理的小信号增益系数；存在最佳流量配比使小信号增益系数得到显著提高且分布均匀。

无缓冲气COIL扩压器流场数值模拟

以无缓冲气化学氧碘激光器（COIL）实验器件的数据计算得到的混合喷管出口参数平均值作为光腔入口条件，对6种不同构型的扩压器从光腔入口至扩压器出口的流场进行了数值模拟，得出了各流场参数分布；对不同构型扩压器的流场特点、总压恢复性能进行了分析；研究了扩压器出口背压对流场参数的影响。结果表明：对于主流无缓冲气的COIL，等截面扩压器具有较好的压力恢复性能；增大扩压器出口背压可以使扩压器的压力恢复性能提高，然而，较高的背压使激波串向光腔方向移动，从而使光腔流场受到干扰，影响光腔的光束质量。

亚声速段横向射流对Coil性能影响的数值研究

在化学氧碘激光的混合喷管内发生的是一个气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学等相互耦合的复杂过程,每个过程都对COIL性能有着至关重要的影响.利用三维CFD技术,通过求解层流Navier-Stokes方程与组分输运方程,对简化后的化学氧碘激光RADICL模型进行数值模拟与分析,对COIL的气动和增益特性进行探讨.在不同的射流穿透条件下,计算COIL混合喷管中的混合与化学反应过程,发现穿透深度决定了增益的分布特性以及过度穿透条件下的非定常结构,

流量配比对Coil增益分布影响的数值研究

利用三维CFD技术,通过求解层流Navier-stokes方程与组分输运方程,对简化后的化学氧碘激光RADICL模型进行数值模拟与分析,结合10种组分和21个基元反应的化学反应模型,对COIL亚声速段横向射流情况下,不同的主副流流量配比对化学氧碘激光器性能的影响进行分析与比较.结果证明,过高或过低的碘分子浓度状态均不利于合理、可观的小信号增益系数产生.存在一个最佳流量配比范围,与之对应的工作状态下,COIL的小信号增益系数会得到显著提高.

基于混合发展的超声速段射流式COIL的数值优化

应用CFD技术,发展三维多组分化学反应流计算程序,对采用超声速段射流方式的氧碘化学激光进行数值模拟,考察分解率与增益等参考变量的详细三维分布.计算结果说明,超声速区域的高速流动以及混合效率降低使COIL无法在有限空间内完成整个运转流程;提高碘含量以加快反应速度的手段导致主流无法提供足够的载能介质,无法形成合理增益.在不改变喷管长度的前提下,提出主流无载气方式的探索,结果证明了超声速段射流方式采用无载气主流配置的可行性与优势,通过减小气流速度保证混合与化学反应在光腔上游完成,在合理的流量配比下光腔位置处可得到1.3%cm-1的增益峰值

A 2-kW COIL with a square pipe-array JSOG and nitrogen buffer gas

A 2-kW-class chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) using nitrogen buffer gas has been developed and tested since industrial applications of COIL devices will require the use of nitrogen as the buffer gas. The laser, with a gain length of 11.7 cm, is energized by a square pipe-array jet-type singlet oxygen generator (SPJSOG) and employs a nozzle bank with a designed Mach number of 2.5. The SPJSOG has advantages over the traditional plate-type JSOG in that it has less requirements on basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) pump, and more important, it has much better operational stability. The SPJSOG without a cold trap and a gas-liquid separator could provide reliable operations for a total gas flow rate up to 450 mmol/s and with a low liquid driving pressure of around 0.7 atm or even lower. The nozzle bank was specially designed for a COIL using nitrogen as the buffer gas. The cavity was designed for a Mach number of 2.5, in order to provide a gas speed and static temperature in the cavity similar to that for a traditional COIL with helium buffer gas and a Mach 2 nozzle. An output power of 2.6 kW was obtained for a chlorine flow rate of 140 mmol/s, corresponding to a chemical efficiency of 20.4%. When the chlorine flow rate was reduced to 115 mmol/s, a higher chemical efficiency of 22.7% was attained. Measurements showed that the SPJSOG during normal operation could provide a singlet oxygen yield Y greater than or equal to 55%, a chlorine utilization U greater than or equal to 85%, and a relative water vapor concentration w = [H2O]/([O-2] + [Cl-2]) less than or equal to 0.1.