REDOX THERMODYNAMICS OF CYTOCHROME-C AT THE BARE GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE

Investigation of the redox thermodynamics of horse heart cytochrome c at bare glassy carbon electrodes has been performed using cyclic voltammetry with a nonisothermal electrochemical cell. The thermodynamic parameters of the electron-transfer reaction of cytochrome c have been estimated in different component buffer solutions. The change DELTAS(re)-degrees in reaction center entropy and the formal potential E-degrees' (at 25-degrees-C, vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) for cytochrome c are found to be -64.1 J K-1 mol-1 and 0.251 V in phosphate buffer, -64.8 J K-1 mol-1 and 0.257 V in Tris + HCl buffer, -65.6 J K-1 mol-1 and 0.261 V in Tris+CH3COOH buffer (pH 7.0, ionic strength 100 mM). The temperature dependence of the formal potential obtained in phosphate buffer with or without NaCl in the range 5-55-degrees-C shows biphase characteristics in an alkaline solution with an intersection point at ca. 44-degrees-C or 42-degrees-C, which should be due to a structural change in the protein moiety of cytochrome c. However, in acidic and neutral solutions only a monotonic relationship between E-degrees' and temperature is observed. The effect of the buffer component on E-degrees' for cytochrome c is also discussed.

银鲫不同雌核发育系的生物学特性比较研究

银鲫不同雌核发育系间,以D系银鲫体型最高,其相对体高平均为47％,A���为44.4％,C���为43.7％,B系为41.7％。在生长速度方面以D系生长最快,其次为A���,这两个系的银鲫在含肉量与肌肉蛋白质含量上均无明显差异,但D系银鲫对饵料的利用效率明显高于A���,因此生产上养殖以D系银鲫为母本,红鲤为父本人工繁殖而成的高体型异育银鲫,可提高经济效益10—20％。银鲫4个雌核发育系的卵巢发育进程不同,D系卵母细胞在2月份有个迅速发育期,因而最早进入成熟产卵期。A���成熟产卵期略晚,C���成熟产卵期较迟。银鲫染色体数目存

Effect of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Gunther)

The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of water temperature on the growth performance and digestive enzyme (pepsin, trypsin and lipase) activities of Chinese longsnout catfish. Triplicate groups of Chinese longsnout catfish (35.6 +/- 0.48 g, mean +/- SE) were reared at different water temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32 degrees C). The feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by water temperatures and regression relationships between water temperature and FI, SGR as well as FER were expressed as FR=-0.016T2+0.91T-10.88 (n=12, R2=0.8752), SGR=-0.026T2+1.39T-17.29 (n=12, R2=0.7599) and FER=-0.013T2+0.70T-8.43 (n=12, R2=0.7272). Based on these, the optimum temperatures for FR, SGR and FER were 27.66, 26.69 and 26.44 degrees C respectively. The specific activities of digestive enzymes at 24 or 28 degrees C were significantly higher than that at 20 or 32 degrees C. In addition, there was a significant linear regression between FR or SGR and specific activities of pepsin and lipase, which indicated that pepsin and lipase played important roles in regulating growth through nutrient digestion in Chinese longsnout catfish.

溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO纳米薄膜的工艺和应用

ZnO是一种重要的功能材料和新型的n一Ⅵ族宽禁带半导体材料。采用溶胶一凝胶(sol-gel)工艺在si(100)、si(111)和c���蓝宝石衬底上成功制备出高质量的ZnO纳米薄膜，并用XRD、SEM、AFM等方法研究了薄膜的特性。首次以制备的ZnO纳米薄膜为缓冲层，在n型si(1()o)衬底上采用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)工艺外延生长了SiC���膜，得到了低载流子浓度、高电子迁移率和高空穴迁移率的两种SiC���膜样品，分析了该薄膜的性能。

杉木与阔叶树叶凋落物混合分解对土壤活性有机质的影响

通过室内培养,研究了杉木叶凋落物及与桤木、刺楸和火力楠混合叶凋落物对土壤活性有机质的影响.结果表明:添加叶凋落物显著地增加了土壤微生物碳、氮及土壤呼吸强度和可溶性有机碳含量.其中,添加杉-阔混合叶凋落物对土壤活性有机质的增加效应大于纯杉木叶凋落物.在培养后期(第135天),添加纯杉木叶凋落物和杉-阔混合叶凋落物处理土壤微生物碳含量分别比对照土壤高49%和63%,微生物氮高35%和75%,土壤呼吸强度高65%和100%,可溶性有机碳含量高66%和108%.添加叶凋落物对土壤微生物熵和微生物C/N的影响不显著(P>0·05).

Crystal form transition during heating of solvent-induced crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene

The phase transition of two kinds of solvent-induced crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS). gamma-sPS and delta(c)-sPS, has been studied via WAXD and DSC. gamma-sPS transform to a-sPS at 195-225 degrees C before melt during heating, whereas delta(e)-sPS transform to first gamma-sPS and then a-sPS at 100-200 degrees C and 200-215 degrees C, respectively. The transition of delta(e)-gamma and gamma-a occurs for below melting point of sPS indicates they are all solid-solid transition.

Influence of interface on radiation effects of crystalline polymer - radiation effects on polyamide-1010 containing BMI

Aimed at saving the radiation dose required to crosslinking the polyamid-1010, BMI/PA1010 systems containing different amounts of difunctional crosslinking agent N,N'-bis-maleimide-4,4'-biphenyl methane (BMI) were prepared and the structure changes at the crystallographic and supermolecular levels before and after irradiation were studied by using WAXD, SAXS, and DSC techniques. It was found that by incorporation of BMI the microcrystal size L-100 is lowered due to the formation of hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen of BMI and the amide hydrogen of PA1010 in the hydrogen bonded plane, and the overall crystallinity W-c is also decreased. The presence of BMI causes the crystal lamella thickness d(c) to decrease and greatly thickens the transition zone d(tr) between the crystalline and amorphous regions. As for the irradiated specimen, the maximum increments in the L-100 and W-c against dose curves decrease with BMI content, and the interception point D-i, at which the L-100 and W-c curves intercept their respective horizontal line of L-100/L-100(0) and W-c/W-c(0)=1, shift to lower dose with an increase in BMI concentration. In addition. the mechanism of the radiation chemical reactions in the three different phases under the action of BMI are discussed with special focus on the interface region. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO films grown on c-plane sapphire and (100)gamma-LiAlO2 by pulse laser deposition

ZnO thin films were grown on single-crystal gamma-LiAlO2 (LAO) and sapphire (0001) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO films were investigated. The results show that LAO is more suitable for fabricating ZnO films than sapphire substrate and the highest-quality ZnO film was attained on LAO at the substrate temperature of 550 degrees C. However, when the substrate temperature rises to 700 degrees C, lithium would diffuse from the substrate (LAO) into ZnO film which makes ZnO film on LAO becomes polycrystalline without preferred orientation, the stress in ZnO film increases dominantly and the resistivity of the film decreases exponentially. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scanning electron microscope studies of cubic AlxGa1-xN films grown on GaAs(100) by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE)

Cubic AlGaN films were grown on GaAs(100) substrates by MOVPE. Scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence were used to analyze the surface morphology and the crystalline quality of the epitaxial layers. We found that both NH, and TEGa fluxes have a strong effect on the surface morphology of AlGaN films. A model for the lateral growth mechanism is presented to qualitatively explain this effect. The content of hexagonal AlGaN in the cubic AlGaN films was also related to the NH3 flux. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.