14 resultados para Acute respiratory tract disease

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious disease with many puzzling features. We present a simple, dynamic model to assess the epidemic potential of SARS and the effectiveness of control measures. With this model, we analysed the SARS epidemic data in Beijing. The data fitting gives the basic case reproduction number of 2.16 leading to the outbreak, and the variation of the effective reproduction number reflecting the control effect. Noticeably, our study shows that the response time and the strength of control measures have significant effects on the scale of the outbreak and the lasting time of the epidemic.

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Background: Polymorphisms of CLEC4M have been associated with predisposition for infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). DC-SIGNR, a C-type lectin encoded by CLEC4M, is a receptor for the virus. A variable number tandem

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Acute peristome edema disease (APED) is a new disease that broke out in cultured sea cucumber along the Shangdong and Liaoning province coasts in China, PR, and has caused a great deal of death in Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) since 2004. Here we report virus-like particles found in intestine epithelium of sea cucumbers reared in North China. It is the first time that sea cucumbers are reported to be infected by virus. Histological examinations showed that the viral inclusion bodies existed in intestine epithelium cells. Electron microscopic examinations show that the virions were spherical, 80-100 nm in diameter, and composed of a helical nucleocapsid within an envelope with surface projections. Detailed studies on the morphogenesis of these viruses found many characteristics previously described for coronaviruses. Virus particles always congregated, and formed a virus vesicle with an encircling membrane. The most obvious cellular pathologic feature is large granular areas of cytoplasm, relatively devoid of organelles. Tubular structures within virus-containing vesicles, nucleocapsid inclusions, and double-membrane vesicles are also found in the cytopathic cells. No rickettsia, chlamydia, bacteria, or other parasitic organisms were found. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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An introduction to a modified forced oscillation method, square-wave excitation technique, including fundamentals and methods, as used in respiratory function examination. On the basis of experimental results and theoretical predictions, we suggest that Respiratory Acoustic Impedance (RAI) measurement by spectral analysis can significantly improve estimation of contribution to RAI from different part of respiratory tract. The outcome is of considerable interest in the study of lung disease, such as COPD and asthma in young children.

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:严重急性呼吸综合症(Severe acute respiratory sydrome , SARS) 是一种全新的传染性疾病,它可能主 要是由冠状病毒的一个变种引起的. 本文比较SARS 及其它冠状病毒基因组组织结构和序列变异的情况,初步 的结果表明: ①尽管SARS 病毒与冠状病毒属的另外6 种病毒基因组序列上有较大的差异,但是它们具有较相 似的基因组组织结构; ②SARS 病毒与牛冠状病毒、鼠肝炎病毒具有较近的系统发育关系; ③虽然SARS 病毒扩 散的时间极短,但来自不同地区SARS 病毒的DNA 序列却存在一些突变,且这些突变又大多是改变氨基酸序 列的非同义突变.

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Background: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused a severe global epidemic in 2003 which led to hundreds of deaths and many thousands of hospitalizations. The virus causing SARS was identified as a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) an

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We proposed a novel methodology, which firstly, extracting features from species' complete genome data, using k-tuple, followed by studying the evolutionary relationship between SARS-CoV and other coronavirus species using the method, called "High-dimensional information geometry". We also used the mothod, namely "caculating of Minimum Spanning Tree", to construct the Phyligenetic tree of the coronavirus. From construction of the unrooted phylogenetic tree, we found out that the evolution distance between SARS-CoV and other coronavirus species is comparatively far. The tree accurately rebuilt the three groups of other coronavirus. We also validated the assertion from other literatures that SARS-CoV is similar to the coronavirus species in Group I.

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We have developed a new experimental system based on a microfluidic chip to determine severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-Cov). The system includes a laser-induced fluorescence microfluidic chip analyzer, a glass microchip for both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis, a chip thermal cycler based on dual Peltier thermoelectric elements, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) SARS diagnostic kit, and a DNA electrophoretic sizing kit. The system allows efficient cDNA amplification of SARS-CoV followed by electrophoretic sizing and detection on the same chip. To enhance the reliability of RT-PCR on SARS-CoV detection, duplex PCR was developed on the microchip. The assay was carried out on a home-made microfluidic chip system. The positive and the negative control were cDNA fragments of SARS-CoV and parainfluenza virus, respectively. The test results showed that 17 positive samples were obtained among 18 samples of nasopharyngeal swabs from clinically diagnosed SARS patients. However, 12 positive results from the same 18 samples were obtained by the conventional RT-PCR with agarose gel electrophoresis detection. The SARS virus species can be analyzed with high positive rate and rapidity on the microfluidic chip system.

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本论文以大连沿海养殖刺参劾皱纹盘鲍为研究对象,利用组织学、超微病理学、病理生理学的方法,开展了患病病理学研究,并对可能诱发刺参和皱纹盘鲍病害的原因,以及病变过程进行了初步探讨。 中国北方养殖刺参[Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)]幼参和成参的急性口围肿胀病。急性口围肿胀病是爆发于中国北方辽宁省和山东省沿岸养殖刺参群体中的一种新发现的疾病,并且从2004年开始已经引起刺参的大面积死亡现象,经济损失重大。 本文报道在养殖患病刺参的肠上皮细胞内发现大量的病毒样颗粒。这是首次报道病毒样粒子感染刺参。组织学检查表明该病毒具有包涵体结构,寄生于肠上皮细胞中。电镜检查的结果表明,该病毒粒子呈球形,直径80-100纳米,螺旋状核衣壳,具有囊膜结构且囊膜表面具有纤突结构。 进一步的形态学和病理学分析发现该病毒具有许多报道的关于冠状病毒的特征。细胞质内的 病毒颗粒大部分以团聚方式存在于一个完整的包膜内,形成典型的病毒包涵体结构。最明显的细胞病理学特征是细胞质内大面积的粒状物质的存在,该区域相对缺少相应的细胞器。在病毒包涵体内的管状结构,核衣壳包涵体以及双层膜囊泡也在病变细胞内发现。 在病参体内未发现立克次氏体,衣原体,细菌以及其他寄生生物。 中国北方养殖皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)的肌肉萎缩症病理研究 。 在2004年和2005年的中国北方海区,养殖皱纹盘鲍幼体和成体群体中爆发了严重的肌肉萎缩症。肌电图监测显示病鲍的肌肉萎缩是肌源性的而不是神经源性的。 与正常对照组对比结果显示,病鲍的肌纤维数量和肌纤维直径都显著降低。 肌酶谱测定结果显示,病鲍血清中的肌酸激酶水平,肌酸激酶—肌同工酶水平和乳酸脱氢酶水平,与正常血清对比,呈显著升高状态,说明病鲍体内发生了肌细胞损伤。超薄切片电镜检测结果显示在发生病变的肌细胞内存在双螺旋丝状结构的包涵体(Paired helical filaments, PHFs), 该结构是人类患包涵体肌炎的主要的病理特征。 本文首次报道在无脊椎动物中发现双螺旋丝包涵体结构。 对损伤的肌纤维的进一步研究发现了异常增生的小圆柱体结构(Small Cylinder Structure, SCS)和致密小体(Dense colored particles, DCP),同时观察到这两种异常结构与肌纤维的损伤直接相关。本文还对该病的感染机制作了探讨。 中国北方皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)肌肉萎缩的病理生理研究。严重的足肌肉萎缩症是鲍的一种慢性致死性疾病。在中国北方的养殖皱纹盘鲍群体中第一次发现是在2000年,随后在各养殖海区,自然海区及实验室养殖过程中都发现了该病的暴发。 超微结构电镜检测显示肌肉纤维损伤严重,其内的大部分肌原纤维断裂或消失。 大量的花瓣状的糖原颗粒聚集在断裂的肌原纤维中,还有一些被包裹在包膜内。 这说明在病鲍体内的糖原代谢处于被抑制状态(或停止状态),随后的血清学检测表明病鲍血清中的葡萄糖含量与正常对照的含量显著降低,也证明了糖代谢途径的终止。病鲍血清中胆固醇和甘油三酯的量显著降低,伴随着高密度脂蛋白的水平显著升高,说明脂肪代谢途径的亢进状态。病鲍血清中的二氧化碳水平的显著降低说明出现了酸碱平衡紊乱,通过病因学分析可知该酸碱平衡紊乱应属于代谢性酸中毒。病鲍血清中的钠离子和钾离子浓度显著升高,无机磷和镁离子浓度显著降低说明出现了患病皱纹盘鲍体内出现了电解质紊乱。病鲍血清中蛋白质含量的检测表明患病皱纹盘鲍已出现低蛋白血症,说明病鲍出现了严重的营养不良。病鲍血清中的尿酸含量,胆碱酯酶水平和γ-转肽酶水平与正常对照组相比显著降低。各项指标检测的结果说明糖代谢途径的终止造成了病鲍一系列的调节体系的不平衡和各种生理功能的紊乱,甚至造成了鲍的最终死亡。

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栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)是我国北方重要养殖扇贝种类,在海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝引进以前,其年产量占我国扇贝总产量的80%。但自1997 年以来,我国北方大部分养殖区连续发生养殖栉孔扇贝大批死亡事件,严重影响和损害了栉孔扇贝养殖业的发展。我国栉孔扇贝大规模死亡是多种因素综合作用的结果。大致可分为生物因素与非生物因素:非生物的因素有夏季水温过高、养殖密度过高、养殖环境退化等。生物因素有流行性病原生物的侵害和扇贝种质的退化等。其中,急性病毒性坏死症(Acute Viral Necrobiotic Disease, AVND)病毒造成栉孔扇贝大规模死亡现象的研究已经开展。本研究通过生理学、免疫学技术和手段研究栉孔扇贝对急性病毒性坏死症病毒的生理和免疫应答,以期更好的了解栉孔扇贝对这一病毒的防御机制,为扇贝病害防治提供资料。 本研究对不同温度下栉孔扇贝感染AVND 病毒后的耗氧率和排氨率进行了测定。结果显示,在17℃下,病毒组和注射生理盐水组栉孔扇贝的耗氧率逐渐升高,但两者无显著差异;方差分析显示,各组间排氨率的变化无显著差异。在25℃下,栉孔扇贝闭壳肌注射AVND 病毒和注射生理盐水组栉孔扇贝的耗氧率逐渐升高,在12 小时取得最大值,对照组则变化不大。方差分析显示,注射病毒组与注射生理盐水组和对照组之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。同时,对栉孔扇贝感染AVND 病毒的致病剂量进行了研究,在25℃水温下,栉孔扇贝肌肉注射感染AVND 病毒后,只有150 μl 组表现出明显患病症状并在第三天开始出现死亡现象,注射50、100 μl 组则无明显症状;17℃下栉孔扇贝感染AVND 病毒后无明显患病症状,表明AVND 病毒对栉孔扇贝的感染致病具有剂量和温度依赖性。 对于25℃水温下栉孔扇贝感染AVND 病毒后血清中相关免疫酶类活力变化进行了测定。栉孔扇贝感染AVND 病毒后血清中SOD 的活性逐渐升高,在48小时达到最大值,方差分析显示不同时间点之间的SOD 活性有显著差异(P<0.05),在48 小时,病毒组和生理盐水组间的SOD 活性有显著差异(P<0.05),在其它时间点无显著差异。酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活力在感染病毒2 小时后升高,在12 小时下降,然后又升高,在48 小时达到最大值。方差分析显示不同时间点之间的ACP 活性有显著差异(P<0.05),在2 小时和48 小时,病毒组和生理盐水组间的ACP 活性有显著差异(P<0.05)。碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活力变化趋势与ACP 相同,在24 小时达到最大值。方差分析显示不同时间点之间的AKP 活性有显著差异(P<0.05)。在2 小时、12 小时、24 小时病毒组和生理盐水组间有显著差异(P<0.05)。栉孔扇贝酚氧化酶的活性最大值在48 小时,但与生理盐水对照组之间无显著差异。溶菌酶(Lysozyme)活性在病毒组和生理盐水对照组间无显著差异,病毒组最大值在2 小时取得,对照组在24 小时取得。结果表明栉孔扇贝通过升高或调节自身免疫相关蛋白酶类合成应对AVND 病毒侵染。 采用荧光实时定量PCR 技术,对栉孔扇贝感染AVND 病毒后免疫相关基因的时空表达规律进行了研究。水温17℃下,栉孔扇贝肌肉注射感染AVND 病毒后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)基因mRNA 的表达量逐渐上升,在注射后24 小时达到最大值,约为空白对照组的1.8 倍,方差分析显示,病毒组SOD 的表达量不同时间点之间有显著变化(P<0.05);但与生理盐水对照组相比较,病毒组SOD表达量无显著差异。在水温25℃下SOD 基因mRNA 的表达量逐渐上升,在注射后6 小时达到最大值,约为对照组的1.5 倍,空白对照组的2.2 倍。病毒组SOD的表达量不同时间点之间有显著差异(P<0.05);在感染后2、6、12、24 小时病毒组SOD 表达量比对照组有显著升高(P<0.05)。溶菌酶基因在肝胰脏中的表达升高,在6 小时达到最大值,约为生理盐水对照组的1.5 倍,空白对照组的2.7倍,在48 小时取得最小值(低于空白对照组)。病毒感染后不同时间之间溶菌酶基因表达有显著差异(P<0.05),感染后6、24 和48 小时病毒组溶菌酶基因表达比对照组有显著升高(P<0.05)。在AVND 病毒感染后6 小时,在肝胰脏、性腺、肌肉、鳃中溶菌酶mRNA 量急剧增加,分别达到了空白对照组的4.7 倍、3.8 倍、13.43 倍和25.15 倍。方差分析显示在不同组织部位的表达有显著差异(P<0.05)。表明AVND 病毒感染后栉孔扇贝免疫相关基因的表达具有时序性和组织部位特异性。