苜蓿干草和秸秆组合体外发酵营养特性及其利用研究

应用体外发酵产气技术,评价了苜蓿Medicago sativa干草和玉米Zea mays、小麦Triticum aestivum秸秆分别以0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25和100∶0进行两两组合时的发酵特性。结果表明：不同比例组合产气量（GP）、理论最大产气量（A）、产气速率（b）及产气延滞时间（LAG）变化趋势不同;苜蓿干草与玉米秸秆按50∶50的比例或苜蓿干草与小麦秸秆按75∶25的比例组合时的效应明显好于其他组合。48 h产气量与粗蛋白（CP）（P〈0.05）及中性洗涤可溶物（NDS）含量呈正相关关系,而与中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、半纤维（HC）含量及NDS/CP（P〈0.01）呈负相关关系;理论最大产气量与CP、NDS的含量呈正相关关系,与NDF、ADF、HC和NDS/CP（P〈0.01）呈负相关关系;产气速率与CP（P〈0.01）、HC（P〈0.01）、NDS（P〈0.01）呈极显著正相关关系,分别与NDF（P〈0.01）、ADF（P〈0.01）、NDS/CP（P〈0.05）呈负相关关系;产气延滞时间与饲草料的主要营养成分的相关关系不明显,只与NDS/CP（P〈0.05）呈显著正相关关系。结论认为,饲草中非结构性碳水化合物与蛋白质比例决定了体外发酵产气的特性。生产实践中应针对低质粗饲料营养特性,适当添补易发酵或高蛋白牧草,提高粗饲料利用效率。

A Simulative Study on Effects of Climate Warming on Nutrient Contents and In Vitro Digestibility of Herbage Grown in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

The increasing trend of air temperature along with the climate warming has been accepted gradual-ly by scientists and by the general public. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a unique geographic unit due to high-altitude climate, is one of the most susceptible regions to climate warming. Its ecosystem is very fragile and sensi-tive to climate change. In order to get a better understanding of the impacts of climate warming on the nutrient contents of herbage grown in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a simulative study was implemented at Daban Moutain by using temperature differences resulted from sites selected at different altitudes and nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility were determined for assessing the quality of the grown herbage. There were significant downtrends in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents of herbage along with the increase of temperature. It had a positive correlation between temperature and content of acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) in herbage. In vitro digestibility of herbage decreased along with the in-crease of temperature. The results of this study indicated that climate warming significantly influence nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of herbage grown in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It is suggested that the future climate warming especially the gradual rise of the night temperature could cause negative effect on herbage quality grown in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by decreasing CP, EE, and NFE contents and increasing some indi-gestible ingredients such as crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ADF, and ADL. This, conse-quently, decreases the ruminant assimilation ability.

Effect of N fertilizer on the productivity and nutritive values of perennial grass mixtures in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

A study was conducted on grass mixtures that included smooth bromegrass (SB) + drooping wild ryegrass (DW), smooth bromegrass + Siberian wild ryegrass (SW) + crested wheatgrass (CW) and smooth bromegrass + Siberian wild ryegrass + drooping wild ryegrass + crested wheatgrass in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The study was conducted from 1998 to 2000 to investigate the effects of N application rates and growing year on herbage dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive values. Herbage DM production increased linearly with N application rates. The effect of N application on DM yields was greater (P < 0.05) in the 2nd and 3rd production years than in the establishment year. Dry matter yields of SB + SW + CW and SB + SW + DW + CW can reach as high as 15 000 kg ha(-1) at 345 kg ha(-1) N rate in the 3rd growing year. With increased N application rates, crude protein (CP) contents and 48 h in sacco DM degradability of grasses increased (P < 0.05). No effect (P > 0.05) of N application was detected on organic matter (OM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentration. It can be concluded that for increased biomass production in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, a minimum of 345 kg N ha(-1) should be applied to grass stands in three split application of 115 kg N ha(-1), in early June, early July and late July

Effect of microwave treatment on chemical composition and in sacco digestibility of wheat straw in yak cow

Wheat straw was treated with microwave for 4 min and 8 min at a power of 750 W and frequency of 2,450 MHz. Chemical compositions of untreated, 4 min treated and 8 min treated Straws were analyzed and in sacco degradabilities of all these straws in yak rumens were measured. Microwave treatment didn't significantly (p > 0.05) affect the chemical composition of the straw. In sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of the straw after 18 h incubation in rumen was significantly (p < 0.01) improved by microwave treatment. In sacco crude protein (CP) degradability of the straw was not (p > 0.05) affected by microwave treatment. In sacco organic matter (OM) degradability of the straw was increased (p < 0.01) by around 20% for both the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment, that of acid detergent fibre (ADF) was increased (p < 0.01) by 61.6% and 62.8%, and that of ash free ADF was enhanced by 72.1% and 69.6% for the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment respectively. No significant difference was observed between the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment on the degradability of DM, OM, CP, ADF and ash-free ADF of the straw.