Forebody Compressibility Research of Hypersonic Vehicle

Three kinds of forebody model of hypersonic vehicles were studied with numerical simulation method. It shows that the two- order compressive ramp model is the best selection among the three for its good evaluative parameters value at the cowl of the inlet . This model can provide higher value of flux coefficient and total pressure recovery coefficient and lower average Mach number compared with those of the other two models . Simultaneously different compressive angles may have different effects . The configuration which the firstorder of compressive angle is 4°and the second 5°is the optimum combination. Furthermore factors such as attack angle were concerned. Better result may be obtained with a range of attack angles . Based on the work above the integrated design for forebodyPinlet of a hypersonic vehicle was performed. The numerical result shows that this integrated model provides good flow field quality for inlet and engine work.

凝聚态物质振动-平动能量弛豫过程的分子动力学模拟

本文利用分子动力学计算机模拟方法,研究了稠密态双原子分子振动-平动弛豫速率与分子离解能、密度和温度的关系。发现振动弛豫速率随着分子离解能的增高而下降。这一现象与由光谱数据得到的结果是一致的。它可以用振动频率的下降来解释;分子振动弛豫速率随密度增大而加快,在我们所作的范围内,似乎看不到弛豫速率与温度有关。

磁压缩器的设计

<正>大功率准分子、铜蒸气等激光器都是大体积、高气压脉冲型激光器,要提高它们的效率,需要提供足够窄的放电脉冲.七十年代以前,大功率闸流管一直是理想的主要开关元件.但是,放电能量越大,峰值电流越高,上升时间越短,闸流管的寿命也就越短.七十年代后期,先后报道了利用磁材料的饱和性质压缩放电脉冲的结果.目前,国外在百瓦级准分子激光器中已广泛使用磁材料来压缩放电脉冲了.

非轴对称的磁流体静力学平衡

本文用摄动展开的方法分析了一类磁流体静力学的平衡,其中基态是轴对称的,并具有强的环向磁场分量,扰动态是非轴对称的.这就在扰动态的环向动量守衡关系中,引进了环向的Lorentz力分量.可以组建两类太阳黑子模型,一类的半影纤维内磁场较强,另一类的磁场较弱.后者尽管早有观测报道,但一直缺乏理论的解释.

Initial development of microdamage under impact loading

In this paper, the initial development of microdamage in material subjected to impulsive loading was investigated experimentally and analytically with controllable short-load duration. Based on a general solution to the statistical evolution of a one-dimensional system of ideal microcracks, a prerequisite to experimental investigation of nucleation of microcracks was derived. By counting the number of microcracks, the distribution of nucleation of microcracks was studied. The law of the nucleation rate of microcracks can be expressed as a separable function of stress and cracksize. It is roughly linear dependence on loading stress. The normalized number density of microcracks is in agreement with that of a second-phase particle.

Temperature transformation in relativistic thermodynamics

This paper reviews conflicting results on relativistic transformation formula for tem-perature obtained by different authors in the last half century, discusses the proper expres-sion for elementary work done under reversible processes, and presents a correct derivationof the transformation formula, rather similar in spirit to that of Einstein. It is pointed outthat the point of view adopted by Eddington, Ott, Mφller and Landsberg are erroneous,and that by correctly carrying out detailed analysis for Mφller's working model, which wasoriginally proposed to disprove Planck-Einstein result, we have arrived instead at a result incomplete agreement with that of Planck-Einstein. Thercupon this long standing controversyover the temperature transformation dilemma for relativistic thermodynamics is clarified.

流体力学与国土安全

国土安全涉及到流体力学的广泛应用,并为其研究发展提供了诸多机遇.本评论选择列举了流体力学在反恐领域的各类课题,还建议了今后的研究方向.课题范围从防备、遏制策划中的恐怖袭击,一直到探测、应对和恢复.具体的内容则包括飞机加固,爆炸缓冲,传感器取样,爆炸物探测,微流控和芯片实验室,城市环境中化学羽流弥散以及建筑物通风等.此外,本文还讨论了蒸气羽流与远距探测,非致命武器,疾病空气传播,人员防护装备以及污染移除问题.涉及这类的应用,要求流体力学家跨越传统领域的边界,进行交叉学科研究,特别是要结合化学、生物学、气溶胶学与大气科学协同工作.

微通道中应用“流动汇聚”形成分散体系

在微流控器件内集成具有流动汇聚功能的几何结构以研究液-液系统中液滴的形成.相图显示液滴的大小为流量以及两种液体流量比的函数,它包括两个区域,在一个区域中液滴大小和孔隙宽度接近,而在另一区域液滴大小则取决于"汇聚"后的细流直径,从而能形成远小于孔隙的液滴.单分散和多分散乳状液均可以被生成.

圆夹杂内裂纹对SH波的动力响应

利用特殊函数的Graf加法公式和波函数展开方法得出了圆夹杂内作用集中力的格林函数。根据Bessel函数的渐近性质，对所得格林函数的奇异部分和有界部分进行了分离。利用所得的格林函数和互易定理得出了圆夹杂内裂纹在SH波作用下的散射场。根据裂纹的散射场建立了圆夹杂内裂纹的超奇异积分方程。对超奇异积分方程的数值求解，可得裂纹端点的动应力强度因子。

波-流相互作用的缓坡方程及其波作用量守恒

当表面波从开阔海域传播至近岸水域时,普遍的波-流相互作用经受着海底的强烈影响,运用水波Hamil-ton变分原理,建立了近岸水域任意水深变化海底上波-流相互作用的缓坡方程.它可包含波、流和水深一般变化的二阶效应,约化为某些典型的缓坡型方程.据此得出广义程函方程,并且证明该缓坡方程的波作用最守恒.

关于线张力对液滴-固体接触角的影响问题

指出并论证了文献[7]得出的"线张力通过液滴在三相接触线处的形状变化对接触角发生作用,是造成接触角测量值不确定性的一个重要原因"的结论是错误的.对于文献[7]所选取的两组典型参数下液滴与固体表面的平衡接触状态(即接触角θ和三相接触线曲率半径ρ)及其稳定性问题纠正推导错误后,得出系统各有3个平衡态,其中,2个稳定,1个不稳定,系统究竟处于哪一个稳定平衡态,由系统的初始条件决定,从而进一步验证了线张力并不导致接触角测量值的不确定性.

掺镱双包层光纤放大器高功率脉冲放大特性

从放大器速率方程出发，分析了掺镱双包层光纤放大器的放大特性。模拟计算了无信号输入时放大器上能级粒子数、泵浦功率和放大自发辐射（ASE）在放大器中的稳态分布。分析了前向和后向泵浦时，高功率高斯脉冲放大时的脉冲波形畸变、上能级粒子数的时间特性、放大器存储能量和脉冲能量演化等动态特性。讨论了掺镱双包层光纤放大器输出脉冲能量随不同输入脉冲峰值功率和泵浦功率的关系。该模型和结论对高功率脉冲放大器的设计和优化具有一定的理论指导意义。

梯度补偿法控温晶体的高功率绿光激光器

研究了平均功率超过30 W的稳定高效全固态绿光激光器,分析得出影响全固态腔内倍频激光器倍频效率和输出稳定性的主要因素是倍频晶体局部温升造成的相位失配和热透镜效应,采用温度梯度补偿控温法对大尺寸倍频晶体进行温度控制,降低激光器工作中倍频晶体内外温度梯度从而有效地克服因晶体局部温升造成的倍频相位匹配角失配和热透镜效应。采用三条60 W的半导体激光二极管阵列板条侧面抽运Nd:YAG激光增益介质棒,采用声光调Q,平凹直腔和腔内倍频结构配合温度梯度补偿控温法对大尺寸倍频晶体进行温度控制,得到了稳定高效的532 nm

Temperature dependence of thermal properties of Ag8In14Sb55Te23 phase-change memory materials

The dependence of thermal properties of Ag8In14Sb55Te23 phase-change memory materials in crystalline and amorphous states on temperature was measured and analyzed. The results show that in the crystalline state, the thermal properties monotonically decrease with the temperature and present obvious crystalline semiconductor characteristics. The heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity decrease from 0.35 J/g K, 1.85 mm(2)/s, and 4.0 W/m K at 300 K to 0.025 J/g K, 1.475 mm(2)/s, and 0.25 W/m K at 600 K, respectively. In the amorphous state, while the dependence of thermal properties on temperature does not present significant changes, the materials retain the glass-like thermal characteristics. Within the temperature range from 320 K to 440 K, the heat capacity fluctuates between 0.27 J/g K and 0.075 J/g K, the thermal diffusivity basically maintains at 0.525 mm(2)/s, and the thermal conductivity decreases from 1.02 W/m K at 320 K to 0.2 W/m K at 440 K. Whether in the crystalline or amorphous state, Ag8In14Sb55Te23 are more thermally active than Ge2Sb2Te5, that is, the Ag8In14Sb55Te23 composites bear stronger thermal conduction and diffusion than the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change memory materials.