Infraciliature and myoneme system of Campanella umbellaria (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Peritrichida)

The infraciliature and myoneme system of Campanella umbellaria were revealed using the protargol impregnation technique. The main characteristics of the infraciliature are the peristomial ciliary rows (haplokinety and polykineties), which make four and a half turns around the peristomial disc before plunging into the infundibulum, and the aboral infraciliature, which is made up of the aboral ciliary wreath (trochal band) and the scopula. The myoneme system is composed of: 1) longitudinal fibers, which include 60-84 (mean 72.3) short longitudinal fibers, 40-56 (mean 45.8) medium-length longitudinal fibers, and numerous long longitudinal fibers; and 2) circular fibers, which include 8-12 (mean 9.3) peristomial ring fibers, linking fibers, support fibers, and peristomial disc fibers. The various fibers in C. umbellaria are interconnected to form a single myoneme system that may act as a cell skeleton as well as providing the mechanism by which the zooid contracts and relaxes. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Structural stability of C-60 films under the bombardment of 1.95 GeV Kr ions

The structural stability of C-60 films under the bombardment of 1.95 GeV Kr ions is investigated. The irradiated C-60 films were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman scattering technique. The analytical results indicate that the irradiation induced a decrease of icosahedral symmetry of C-60 molecule and damage of C-60 films; different vibration modes of C-60 molecule have different irradiation sensitivities; the mean efficient damage radius obtained from experimental data is about 1.47 nm, which is in good agreement with thermal spike model prediction.

Structural Evolution and Property Changes in Nd_{60}Al_{10}Fe_{20}Co_{10} Bulk Metallic Glass During Crystallization

The structural evolution and property changes in Nd60Al10Fe20Co10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) upon crystallization are investigated by the ultrasonic method, x-ray diffraction, density measurement, and differential scanning calorimetry. The elastic constants and Debye temperature of the BMG are obtained as a function of annealing temperature. Anomalous changes in ultrasonic velocities, elastic constants, and density are observed between 600–750 K, corresponding to the formation of metastable phases as an intermediate product in the crystallization process. The changes in acoustic velocities, elastic constants, density, and Debye temperature of the BMG relative to its fully crystallized state are much smaller, compared with those of other known BMGs, the differences being attributed to the microstructural feature of the BMG.

Telomerase Activity and Microgravity-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells

Mammalian cells subjected to conditions of spaceflight and the microgravity environment ofspace; manifest a number of alterations in structure and function. Among the most notable changes incells flown on the Space Shuttle are reduced growth activation and decline in growth rate in the totalpopulation. Other changes include chromosomal aberrations, inhibited locomotion, alteredcytokine production, changes in PKC distribution, and increased apoptos.

Nd_(60)Al_(10)Fe_(20)Co_(10)金属玻璃的变形行为

利用材料测试系统(MTS)、X-Ray 衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了Nd 基大块金属玻璃的变形行为和断裂特征。Nd 基大块金属玻璃样品在室温下是脆性断裂,大约在500 K 时变形模式从非均匀变形转变为均匀变形,在523 K 以上表现出显著的塑性变形。在5×10-4 m/s 的应变速率下,这种Nd 基大块金属玻璃材料在523 K~600 K 之间出现明显的屈服应力下降现象,随后进入1 种稳定的粘性流动状态,而且这种屈服下降现象与温度和应变速率有关。这种在过冷液相区的变形行为与其他大块金属玻璃变形特征相似。合金的这种塑性变形行为表明了其存在稳定的过冷液相区,同时对其变形行为的研究有助于进一步了解Nd 基大块金属玻璃的反常热稳定性。

Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Atomization of Water-Methanol and Diesel Emulsions

This article is the result of experimental studies of the rheologv, viscosities, surface tensions, and atomization of water-methanol and diesel emulsions. The Span 80 and Tween 60 are employed to make three emulsifying agents, Y01, Y02, and Y03, with viscosity of 1.32-1.5 Pa s and HLB values of 5.36, 4.83, and 4.51, respectively. In the water-in-oil emulsions, the aqueous phase is between 10% and 50%; the agent concentration added is 0.8-8.0%. The viscosity of the emulsions is 0.003-0.02 Pa s, and the surface tens ion is 0.04-0.1 N/m. The types and concentrations of agents significantly influence the viscosity of the emulsions, and the higher concentration of the aqueous phase (<50%) in creases the viscosities of the emulsions, especially for higher agent concentration. Interfacial membrane and HLB values of the agents can explain all these phenomena. Higher aqueous phase concentration and agent viscosity results in larger Sauter mean diameter.

Control of Mean and Fluctuating Forces on a Circular Cylinder at High Reynolds Numbers

A narrow strip is used to control mean and fluctuating forces on a circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers from 2.0 x 10(4) to 1.0 x 10(5). The axes of the strip and cylinder are parallel. The control parameters are strip width ratio and strip position characterized by angle of attack and distance from the cylinder. Wind tunnel tests show that the vortex shedding from both sides of the cylinder can be suppressed, and mean drag and fluctuating lift on the cylinder can be reduced if the strip is installed in an effective zone downstream of the cylinder. A phenomenon of mono-side vortex shedding is found. The strip-induced local changes of velocity profiles in the near wake of the cylinder are measured, and the relation between base suction and peak value in the power spectrum of fluctuating lift is studied. The control mechanism is then discussed from different points of view.

东方红-60推土机车架强度分析

<正> 一、问题的提出推土机车架是按装推土机各部件(发动机、减速器、后桥和驾驶座等)的基础。车架除承受这些部件的重量以及由此引起的动负荷外,还承受相当大的履带工作张力以及地面作用于车轮正向和侧向的阻力。因此在实际工作中,车架各杆件均处于拉、扭、弯、压同时作用的这一复杂而又繁重的工作载荷条件下。由于车架是推土机的基础,不管车架是变形还是损坏都会直接影响到推土机的正常使用。因此,必须保证车架有足够的强度和刚度。

Growth of zero-mean-shear turbulent-mixed layer with suspended particles in a 2-layer fluid system

The growth behaviour of zero-mean-shear turbulent-mixed layer containing suspended solid particles has been studied experimentally and analysed theoretically in a two-layer fluid system. The potential model for estimating the turbulent entrainment rate of the mixed layer has also been suggested, including the results of the turbulent entrainment for pure two-layer fluid. The experimental results show that the entrainment behaviour of a mixed layer with the suspended particles is well described by the model. The relationship between the entrainment distance and the time, and the variation of the dimensionless entrainment rate E with the local Richardson number Ri1 for the suspended particles differ from that for the pure two-layer fluid by the factors-eta-1/5 and eta-1, respectively, where eta = 1 + sigma-0-DELTA-rho/DELTA-rho-0.

C_(60)自组装单分子膜的制备及其摩擦特性

利用胺基与C60 分子的加成反应 ,在 3 胺基丙基 三乙氧基硅烷 (APS)的自组装单分子膜 (SAMs)表面上成功的制备了与基底化学键结合的C60 SAMs。其表面水接触角约为 76° ,膜厚约为 1.15nm ,AFM形貌像显示其表面光滑、均匀 ,基本不含缺陷。摩擦学结果表明 ,APS自组装单分子膜由于其分子链短 ,膜的有序性差 ,表面颗粒聚集物及“针孔”等缺陷多 ,而不具有润滑作用。当在其上形成C60 单分子层膜后 ,表现出优异的摩擦学性能 ,摩擦系数约为 0 .0 9～ 0 .13,在给定实验条件下抗磨损寿命大于 10 0 0 0次 ,有望作为微型机械的边界润滑材料使用。

微重力落管法制备Nd_(60)Al_(10)Fe_(20)Co_(10)非晶薄片的磁性能研究

采用微重力落管法制得了Nd6 0 Al1 0 Fe2 0 Co1 0 非晶薄片 .利用X衍射 (XRD)分析了Nd6 0 Al1 0 Fe2 0 Co1 0 非晶薄片的结构特征 .用振动样品磁强计 (VSM)研究了其磁性能 .结果表明微重力落管法制得的非晶薄片具有硬磁性 ,与快速非平衡凝固(如甩带法 )试样的XRD相比 ,尽管其曲线还是较为典型的非晶相漫散衍射峰 ,但已有少量的不规则的类似晶化的突起小峰 ,表明该非晶片中已经有微量晶态合金或者细小晶粒析出 ,初步分析可能是生成了类似于亚稳A1 相的短程有序原子团簇或者是较大尺寸的纳米晶 ,这种短程有序原子团簇或纳米晶是Nd6 0 Al1 0 Fe2 0 Co1 0 非晶薄片显示硬磁性的主要原因

The Influence of Viscosity and Surface Tension on Atomization of Water/Methanol and Diesel Emulsions

This paper shows the result of experimental studies of the influence of viscosities, surface tensions on atomization characteristics of water/methanol and diesel emulsions. Three emulsifying agents Y01, Y02 and Y03, with viscosity of 1.32 ～ 1.5 Pa·s and HLB values of 5.36, 4.83 and 4.51 respectively was produced by Span 80 and Tween 60. In the W/O emulsions, the aqueous phase is between 10% and 50%; the agent concentration added is 0.8 ～ 8.0%. The viscosity of the emulsions is 0.003 ～ 0.02 Pa·s, and the surface tension is 0.04 ～ 0.1 N/m. The types and concentrations of agents and the aqueous phase ( < 50%) significantly influence the viscosity of the emulsions and the Sauter Mean Diameter, measured by Malvern Particle Analyzer SERIES 2600.

Nd_(60)Al_(10)Fe_(20)Co_(10)大块金属玻璃的玻璃转变和晶化过程

本文利用DSC、X射线衍射和动态力学分析以及扫描电子显微镜研究了Nd_(60)Al_(10)Fe_(20)Co_(10)大块金属玻璃(BMG)的玻璃转变和晶化过程。结果表明,合金的动态力学分析结果清楚地反映出材料的玻璃转变和晶化过程。由此确定材料的玻璃转变温度为493K,初始晶化温度为590K。X射线衍射和组织分析表明合金的晶化过程为:非晶α→非晶α’+未知亚稳NdFeAl相→非晶α’+初晶δ相→初晶δ相+共晶δ相+Nd_3Co+Nd_3Al。

让舰艇练就护体内功:抗冲击能力——中国舰船史600年和60年的思考

@@ 2009年4月23日,在中国人民海军创立60周年之际,中央军委主席胡锦涛在青岛奥帆中心附近海域检阅了多国海军舰队.阅兵开始,中国海军的导弹驱逐舰、护卫舰、核潜艇跃现海面,举世瞩目,见证了中国"建设一支强大的人民海军"的步伐.

可见光波段双层浮雕型导模共振滤波器设计与分析

基于傅里叶模式理论分析了双层浮雕型导模共振光栅的共振效应,分别讨论了光栅的槽深、剩余厚度、周期以及填充系数对峰值反射率、带宽、旁带反射率的影响.数据计算表明,欠刻蚀情形的误差宽容度远远优于过刻蚀情形,两者在光栅槽深相对误差小于15%的范围内,都能保证共振峰的衍射效率高于99.5%,在相同的误差范围内,共振峰线宽的相对误差将分别达到7%和60%,因此厚度误差集中反映在对共振线宽的改变上.另外,光栅周期和填充系数的变化将明显改变共振峰中心波长和线宽.