92 resultados para 590 Animales

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对车辆与弯道混凝土护栏碰撞动态数值模拟结果和实车足尺碰撞试验结果进行对比分析,从车辆行驶轨迹、乘员冲击加速度以及车辆损伤形态3个方面,验证了动态数值模拟的准确性,并分析了弯道混凝土护栏曲线半径对乘员碰撞过程中所承受冲击加速度的影响;得到乘员风险的最不利护栏半径。结果表明:有限元仿真是进行汽车护栏碰撞研究的有效方法;弯道处护栏的形式对碰撞时乘员的安全有很大影响。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Two-dimensional ZnO nanowall networks were grown on ZnO-coated silicon by thermal evaporation at low temperature without catalysts or additives. All of the results from scanning electronic spectroscope, X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering confirmed that the ZnO nanowalls were vertically aligned and c-axis oriented. The room-temperature photoluminescence spectra showed a dominated UV peak at 378 nm, and a much suppressed orange emission centered at similar to 590 nm. This demonstrates fairly good crystal quality and optical properties of the product. A possible three-step, zinc vapor-controlled process was proposed to explain the growth of well-aligned ZnO nanowall networks. The pre-coated ZnO template layer plays a key role during the synthesis process, which guides the growth direction of the synthesized products. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

双层靶结构是一种有效的太空防护结构,对速度为5~7km/s的小颗粒弹丸具有极好的防护作用。为研究双层靶结构的防护作用,用二级轻气炮发射超高速弹丸撞击靶板,用脉冲X光摄影系统拍摄弹丸撞击靶板后形成的碎片粒子云团。对照见证靶被侵彻的形态,可以得到内涵十分深刻的实验数据。自动跟踪式脉冲X光摄影系统是一种新型的脉冲X光摄影系统。应用该系统成功地拍摄了高速弹丸撞击靶板后弹、靶形成碎片粒子云团的形态。文章披露了铝弹撞击铝靶,钢弹撞击铅靶后某一时刻的X光拍摄的图象,并对实验结果作了初步分析。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文提出了弹塑性有限元分析的一种新方法——“弹塑性有限元分析的凝缩法”。按这种方法对结构进行弹塑性计算,与普通方法相比,可以大量缩短计算时间,从而取得明显的经济效益。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对于一般三维轴对称旋转等离子体的平衡,1983年E.Hameiri曾给出其方程,它包括一个Bernoulli型积分,和一个复杂的非线性偏微分方程。后者包含五个任意一元函数。本文在假定密度是角向磁通的函数后,把偏微分方程简化为: L(f)+a(f)+R~2b(f)+R~4c(f)=0 它仍然包含五个任意一元函数。这个方程可作为一种讨论三维轴对称旋转等离子体平衡的基础.如果c(f)=0,方程则化为Grad-Shafranov型方程.c(f)=0给出几个任意函数的一个关系。因此这时方程只包括四个任意一元函数。这样,我们就建立了有流动时的平衡与静力学平衡的比拟。对于纯环向旋转情形,1980年E.K.Maschke等曾给出其平衡方程,这是一个包含四个任意一元函数的非线性偏微分方程。本文未作任何假定,把它化为Grad-Shafranov方程,其中包括四个任意一元函数。从而也建立了纯环向旋转平衡与静力学平衡之间的比拟。如果再假定密度是磁通的函数,则可得到一个与上面方程类似的基本方程。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

<正> 近来,在低杂波驱动托卡马克电流的实验中,发现当等离子体密度超过某个临界值时波驱动的电流突然降到很低的值。对这种现象尚无比较肯定的解释,研究波驱动电流的目的是要建立稳态托卡马克反应堆,当然希望能在较高密度下运行,临界密度的存在对这种方案

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

研究了无限大正交各向异性功能梯度材料Griffith裂纹受平面剪切冲击作用的问题。材料两个方向的剪切模量假定为成比例按特定梯度变化。通过采用积分变换-对偶积分方程方法,获得了裂纹尖端动态应力场。动态应力强度因子计算结果显示:增加剪切模量梯度或增加垂直于裂纹面方向的剪切模量可以抑制动态应力强度因子的幅值。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

We report the fabrication of a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with a controllable enhancement factor (EF) using femtosecond laser direct writing on Ag+-doped phosphate glass followed by chemical plating at similar to 40 degrees C. Silver seeds were first photoreduced using a femtosecond laser in a laser-irradiated area and then transformed into silver nanoparticles of suitable size for SERS application in the subsequent chemical plating. Rhodamine 6G was used as a probing molecule to investigate the enhancement effect of a Raman signal on the substrate. Nearly homogenous enhancement of the Raman signal over the Substrate was achieved, and the EF of the substrate was controlled to some extent by adjusting fabrication parameters. Moreover, the ability of forming a SERS platform in an embedded microfluidic chamber would be of great use for establishing a compact lab-on-a-chip device based on Raman analysis.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

青藏高原为冷杉属(Abies)的多度中心,共分布有10种,9变种和4亚种。其中苍山冷杉复合体(Abies delavayi complex)包括3种,5变种和2亚种。它们的形态性状变异较小,且分布区重叠。迄今对该复合体的遗传多样性水平、分化程度以及进化历史仍缺乏了解。 本研究对苍山冷杉复合体的14个居群、302个个体进行取样,并对193个个体的母系遗传线粒体DNA nad1 intron2区和276个个体的父系遗传的叶绿体DNA trnS-trnG区进行了序列分析。该复合体的线粒体DNA nad1 intron2区的序列为675bp,其中有4个单碱基变异和1个插入/缺失,可分为6种线粒体单倍型。这14个居群的线粒体总核苷酸多态性(π)为0.00114,单倍型多态性(Hd)为0.627,居群间的遗传变异(FST)高达84.034%。叶绿体DNA trnS-trnG区的序列排列后为718bp,共有8个单碱基变异和4个插入/缺失,可分为12种叶绿体单倍型。这14个居群的总核苷酸多态性(π)为0.00116,单倍型多态性(Hd)为0.590,居群间的遗传变异(FST)为65.830%。以上结果显示苍山冷杉复合体居群间已经产生了强烈的遗传分化。叶绿体的3种主导单倍型(H1、H2和 H3)在YLXS、SKXS、GS和WX 4个居群中都有分布;而其它居群则只有主导单倍型(除SJLS外)中的1种或2种。造成边缘居群(如JZS)多样性较低的主要原因是冰期后群体在迁移过程中的遗传漂变和奠基者效应。根据谱系关系线粒体H1型和叶绿体H3型均为较古老的单倍型,线粒体和叶绿体的谱系关系均支持上述分析。 本研究初步推测青藏高原的东南部—横断山区(包括YLXS、SKXS、GS、WX、BMXS、ELS和EMS)可能为苍山冷杉复合体的冰期避难所,群体存在冰期后向西和向南扩张的过程。间冰期群体隔离和扩张过程中的奠基者效应是形成目前居群分化和遗传多样性分布格局的重要因素。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

东海陆架是世界上最宽阔的陆架之一,面积达770 000 km2左右。在末次冰盛期(LGM),东海海平面下降120~130 m左右,绝大部分陆架暴露出海面。而冲绳海槽是第四纪以来一直保持海洋环境的东海深海区。本文以冲绳海槽北部PC-1岩芯为材料,通过分析该孔的孢粉,加上详细的AMS 14C测年,恢复了周边地区24 cal.kaBP以来的古植被,并推测古环境和古气候变化,重点讨论了LGM时期出露大陆架上发育的植被。 PC-1孔(31°27.5′N,128°24.8′E)位于黑潮支流对马暖流东侧,水深590 m,柱长812 cm。孢粉分析按间隔8 cm取样,个别为4~6 cm,共分析了103个孢粉样品。利用9个AMS 14C数据建立年龄标尺,用Calib5.1.0软件进行年龄校正。通过相邻样品深度的线性内插获得每个样品的年龄,采用外延法得到顶部和底部的校正年龄分别为351cal aBP、24 280 cal aBP,孢粉样品的时间分辨率平均为230 a。 根据孢粉百分比和沉积率的变化,可划分出四个带:Ⅰ带(812~715 cm,24.2~21.1 cal. kaBP)、Ⅱ带(715~451 cm,21.1~15.2 cal. kaBP)、Ⅲ带(451~251 cm,15.2~10.8 cal. kaBP)、Ⅳ带(251~0 cm,10.8~0.3 cal. kaBP),分别对应MIS 3末期、末次冰盛期、冰消期和全新世。末次冰盛期草本植物花粉占优势,孢粉沉积率较高,此时草本花粉主要来源于出露的大陆架,其上发育了以蒿属为主的草地植被,气候比较寒冷干燥;冰消期海平面开始回升,松属花粉含量升高,草本植物花粉含量下降;全新世以木本植物花粉占绝对优势,栗属-栲属花粉迅速增加,蕨类孢子含量升高,草本植物花粉含量锐减,孢粉沉积率降低,由于海平面回升,大陆架被淹没,此时孢粉主要来源于日本岛,九州地区生长了以栲属、栎属为主的常绿阔叶与落叶阔叶林,气候温暖湿润。 叶枝杉属花粉在整个岩芯中零星出现。叶枝杉属植物分布于菲律宾吕宋北部至塔斯马尼亚和新西兰气候潮湿的山地林中,该属花粉在岩芯中的出现,可能暗示了黑潮的影响或者是较强的夏季风。 草本植物与松属花粉百分比变化很好的反映了海平面的升降,松属花粉含量较高指示海平面较高。对岩芯中主要类型的花粉百分比进行了频谱分析,显示存在千年尺度的准周期变化,有明显的6.8,3.8,2.2,1.6 ka的周期。 孢粉样品中的炭屑统计表明,末次冰消期炭屑含量最高,可能因为末次冰消期降雨量增加,炭屑可被降水带到沉积地点沉积下来;全新世的炭屑浓度较高,尤其在晚全新世,出现了一个峰值,究其原因可能与气候变化和人类活动有关。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

水分是半干旱草原生态系统植物多样性和初级生产力的限制因素。近年来由于人为干扰和气候干旱,特别是过度放牧,导致半干旱地区草原严重退化,草地生产利用和生态服务功能日益衰减,自然灾害频繁发生。草原退化演替主要表现为不同植物种的消长和替代过程。在内蒙古草原,过度放牧导致多年生根茎禾草和丛生禾草被豆科灌木或具根茎和不定根的杂类草替代,丰富的多年生杂类草被一、二年生植物替代。目前,对于上述功能群之间的替代机制,以及草原退化的机理尚不十分清楚。本研究在中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站选取了79年围封的大针茅(Stipa grandis)样地、其外围的自由放牧样地及中德合作项目“ Matter Fluxes in grassland of Inner Mongolia as influenced by stocking rate (MAGIM) ”的传统平地放牧处理小区为研究对象,从植物-水分关系的角度,利用氢和碳稳定性同位素技术,研究主要植物种和功能群水分来源和水分利用效率对放牧的响应,进而揭示放牧干扰下草原退化的机理。本研究取得了如下主要研究结果和结论: 1. 在干旱年份,雨水仅湿润了大针茅草原0-20cm的表层土壤。土壤中保存的冬季降水贡献了植物可利用水分的30%,而在正常年份只有10%。干旱季节羊草(Leymus chinensis)和大针茅能够利用土壤60cm以下保存的多年降水,而糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)和冰草(Agropyron cristatum)只能利用生长季的雨水。长期过度放牧使冰草和糙隐子草的相对生物量和相对多度均显著增加,而羊草的相对生物量和相对多度显著降低。这种由放牧引起的群落结构与组成的改变,降低了植被对冬季降水的利用,加剧了干旱对生态系统的影响。 2. 依据羊草草原群落植物的生活型和光合类型划分为:C4禾草、C4杂类草、C4灌木、C3禾草、C3杂类草、C3鳞茎类植物和C3灌木七个功能群,各功能群间的水分利用效率差异显著。不同功能群植物在对土壤水分的利用上存在着明显的生态位分离。C4禾草和C3鳞茎类植物主要利用表层水分,而C4灌木则利用深层土壤水分,C3其它功能群介于二者之间。在无放牧和低载畜率下,各功能群植物均主要吸收浅层土壤水分,功能群间竞争相对强烈。在较高载畜率下,C3禾草转为利用深层土壤水分,功能群间出现水分生态位的分离,部分地缓解了植物对土壤表层水分的竞争。沿着载畜率梯度,群落对浅层土壤水分的利用呈现出先增加,尔后下降的趋势。 3. 在放牧干扰下,羊草草原群落中主要植物种稳定性碳同位素值的变化范围为-13.100/00~-27.590/00。不同功能群植物间的水分利用效率有着显著的差异:C4禾草> C4杂类草> C4灌木> C3禾草、C3杂类草> C3鳞茎类植物> C3灌木。C3鳞茎类植物和C4杂类草的水分利用效率随载畜率增加而降低。C3和C4禾草的水分利用效率随载畜率的增加表现为先增加,尔后下降的趋势。群落水平的水分利用效率主要由占生物量90%的禾草的水分利用效率决定。随着载畜率增加,群落水分利用效率有逐渐降低的趋势。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

By using 19 Y chromosome biallelic markers and 3 Y chromosome microsatellite markers, we analyzed the genetic structure of 31 indigenous Sino-Tibetan speaking populations (607 individuals) currently residing in East, Southeast, and South Asia. Our results showed that a T to C mutation at locus M122 is highly prevalent in almost all of the Sino-Tibetan populations, implying a strong genetic affinity among populations in the same language family. Furthermore, the extremely high frequency of H8, a haplotype derived from M122C, in the Sino-Tibetan speaking populations in the Himalayas including Tibet and northeast India indicated a strong bottleneck effect that occurred during a westward and then southward migration of the founding population of Tibeto-Burmans. We, therefore, postulate that the ancient people, who lived in the upper-middle Yellow River basin about 10,000 years ago and developed one of the earliest Neolithic cultures in East Asia, were the ancestors of modem Sino-Tibetan populations.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Horseflies are economically important blood-feeding arthropods and also a nuisance for humans and vectors for filariasis. They rely heavily on the pharmacological properties of their saliva to get a blood meal and suppress immune reactions of hosts. Little information is available on antihemostatic substances in horsefly salivary glands; especially no horsefly immune suppressants have been reported. By proteomics or peptidomics and coupling transcriptome analysis with pharmacological testing, several families of proteins or peptides, which act mainly on the hemostatic system or immune system of the host, were identified and characterized from 30,000 pairs salivary glands of the horsefly Tabanus yao (Diptera, Tabanidae). They are: (i) a novel family of inhibitors of platelet aggregation including two members, which possibly inhibit platelet aggregation by a novel mechanism and act on platelet membrane, (ii) a novel family of immunosuppressant peptides including 12 members, which can inhibit interferon-gamma production and increase interleukin-10 secretion, (iii) a serine protease inhibitor with 56 amino acid residues containing anticoagulant activity, (iv) a serine protease with anticoagulant activity, (v) a protease with fibrinogenolytic activity, (vi) three families of antimicrobial peptides including six members, (vii) a hyaluronidase, (viii) a vasodilator peptide, which is an isoform of vasotab identified from Hybomitra bimaculata, and interestingly (ix) two metallothioneins, which are the first metallothioneins reported from invertebrate salivary glands. The current work will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the ectoparasite-host relationship and help in identifying novel vaccine targets and novel leading pharmacological compounds.