软煤拉伸应力-应变关系的实验研究

提供一种用于测量软煤或土的抗拉强度、拉伸应力-应变关系等拉伸特性的实验装置。利用模具压制出均匀的煤环试件，对煤环内壁施加均布径向水压力使其拉伸变形和破坏。根据实验结果，提出了弹脆性拉断破坏的理论模型，并据此对煤的抗拉强度、弹性常数以及等效孔隙压力系数等进行了分析和讨论。实验数据稳定可靠，散布小，重复性好，说明所提供的实验装置和实验方法简单而有效。

疲劳裂纹扩展机制和塑性区的研究

本文用三点弯曲试样测定15MnVN钢在淬火和200℃低温回火状态下疲劳裂纹扩展速率。试验在循环载荷比R=0.5的恒幅条件下进行,并利用金属塑性变形在光滑表面上产生浮凸的现象,用相衬显微镜测定裂纹顶端单调塑性区尺寸。在平面应力状态下垂直于裂纹面方向的单调塑性区尺寸与相应的(K_(max)/σ_s)~2成正比,其比例系数为0.21。根据Rice循环塑性区尺寸与单调塑性区尺寸关系,得到垂直裂纹面方向的循环塑性区尺寸与相应裂纹扩展速率之间为一指数关系。在裂纹扩展过程中,相对裂纹尺寸a/W约等于0.687时裂纹顶端从小范围屈服进入大范围屈服;a/W<0.687裂纹顶端的塑性变形约在θ=30—60°方向角内向两翼伸展;当a/W>0.687,不仅两翼向更大的θ角展开,而且在θ=0°附近塑性变形也有相当发展。金相和扫描电镜观察结果,具有板条状马氏体组织的15MnVN钢疲劳裂纹扩展是以穿晶型的解理开裂方式进行的,是一种再生核扩展机制。

基于孔径耦合带状线的激光脉冲整形系统

实现了一种新型的激光脉冲整形系统，该系统使用了一个由孔径耦合带状线（ACSL）电脉冲整形器驱动的电光调制器。一个电脉冲整形器由两条通过其公共接地板上的耦合孔径发生耦合作用的带状传输线所组成的四端口装置。更换具有不同耦合孔径的公共接地板，该电脉冲整形发生器可以具有150ps时间结构的任意整形电脉冲。将任意整形的电脉冲输入到电光调制器上，就可以得到任意整形的激光脉冲。利用该系统，激光脉冲整形系统能够产生具有150ps前后沿，1～3ns脉冲宽度可调、高对比度、光滑过渡以及任意整形的激光脉冲。

Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ doped TeO2-BaO (Li2O, Na2O)-La2O3 glasses for 1.5-mu m optical amplifiers

This paper reports on the optical spectroscopic properties and thermal stability of Er3+-doped TeO2-BaO (Li2O,NaO)-La2O3 glasses for developing 1.5-mu m fiber amplifiers. Upon excitation at 977 nm laser diode, an intense 1.53-mu m infrared fluorescence has been observed with a broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 60 nm for the Er3+-doped TeO2-BaO (Li2O, Na2O)-La2O3 glass with 10 mol% of BaO. The calculated fluorescence lifetime and the emission cross-sections of the 1.53-mu m transition are 2.91 ms and similar to 9.97 x 10(-21) cm(2), respectively. It is noted that the gain bandwidth, a, x FWHM, of the TeO2-BaO-La2O3Er2O3 glass is about 600, which is significantly higher than that in silicate and phosphate glasses. Meanwhile, it is interesting to note that the TeO2-BaO-La2O3-Er2O3 glass has shown a high glass thermal stability and good infrared transmittance. As a result, TeO2-BaO (Li2O, Na2O)-La2O3 glass with 10 mol% of BaO has been considered to be more useful as a host for broadband optical fiber amplifier. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

鱼腥藻Anabaena PCC7120原生质球和液泡的同步诱导

国家自然科学基金资助项目( 39870 0 83)

基于实时数据库的卫星测试平台的设计与实现

卫星测试数据的有效存储与展现对卫星测试有着重要的意义,同时随着卫星技术的发展,一颗卫星的多阶段测试,多颗卫星同时测试是不可避免的。而及时有效的处理测试产生大量的实时数据将是极大的挑战。设计并实现了基于实时数据库的分布式卫星测试平台,可以有效地管理多颗卫星的测试,同时结合ACE框架的通讯结构可以有效的对测试间内外的测试人员提供实时的数据监视与精确的历史查询统计。

Electronic and vibrational Raman scattering in resonance with yellow luminescence transitions in GaN on sapphire substrate

We analyze low-temperature Raman and photoluminescence spectra of MBE-grown GaN layers on sapphire. Strong and sharp Raman peaks are observed in the low frequency region. These peaks, which are enhanced by excitation in resonance with yellow luminescence transitions, are attributed to electronic transitions related to shallow donor levels in hexagonal GaN. It is proposed that a low frequency Raman peak at 11.7 meV is caused by a pseudo-local vibration mode related to defects involved in yellow luminescence transitions. The dependence of the photoluminescence spectra on temperature gives additional information about the residual impurities in these GaN layers.

稠油热采井数值试井新方法

稠油热采使得地层中的温度发生变化，从而导致地层中流体性质参数在地层中存在一定分布，其中对于无限大稠油藏和圆形稠油油藏中的两区同心圆分布和三区同心圆分布已经研究的比较成熟。但是对于任意形状稠油区域中的径向分布目前研究还较少，而且用一般解析或半解析方法都较难获得理论解。同时随着稠油热采的深入进行，地层温度大多不再是按径向分布的，而且存在部分高温条带。这时用目前所建立的热采试井模型进行解释会产生较大误差，因此建立了热采井数值试井的新方法。主要解决了以下两方面的问题：(1)复杂外边界条件下流体参数呈多区径向分布时的热采井试井资料解释方法问题；(2)复杂边界条件下流体参数呈条带分布时的热采井试井分析方法。所建立的模型已通过其简化形式与解析解进行对比并获得一致性结果。文中给出了现场实际解释的例证。\newline 建立了复杂边界条件下热采井的数值试井模型，并利用非结构化网格生成技术对求解区域进行划分，通过有限元方法计算出了流体参数径向分布和条带分布条件下的试井理论曲线，分析了理论曲线在不同外边界及不同流体参数分布下的特征，以及非牛顿流幂律指数、流度比、热采前缘位置等因素的影响。通过模型简化形式的计算结果与解析解的对比说明了数值计算的正确性，并给出了现场实例分析。分析得到了地层压力、渗透率、热采前缘位置、不同区域的稠油流体参数分布、井筒存储以及表皮效应等参数。\newline 从地下流体渗流场的热－流耦合理论出发，所建立和求解的新的不定常流动模型，解决了稠油油田热采开发过程中，通过油气井单点测试进行地层评价的技术难题，为稠油油田热采开发方案的调整提供了有力的技术保障。

重离子辐照对小鼠血清微量元素含量的影响

[目的]探讨重离子束辐照小鼠后血清微量元素含量的变化趋势。[方法]采用不同剂量的重离子束辐照小鼠后48h采血,应用原子吸收光谱仪火焰法测定血清中锌(Zn),铜(Cu),铁(Fe),钙(Ca),镁(Mg)5种微量元素的含量。[结果]0.5Gy组Zn、Cu、Fe元素含量均比对照组明显降低,有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。随剂量增大而呈回升趋势,存在剂量-反应关系。辐照对Ca和Mg元素含量影响不大(P﹥0.05)。[结论]12C6+离子束照射对小鼠血清微量元素的含量有影响。

On-line voltammetric monitoring of dissolved Cu and Ni in the Gulf of Cadiz, south-west Spain

Geochemical processes in estuarine and coastal waters often occur on temporally and spatially small scales, resulting in variability of metal speciation and dissolved concentrations. Thus, surveys, which are aimed to improve our understanding of metal behaviour in such systems, benefit from high-resolution, interactive sampling campaigns. The present paper discusses a high-resolution approach to coastal monitoring, with the application of an automated voltammetric metal analyser for on-line measurements of dissolved trace metals in the Gulf of Cadiz, south-west Spain. This coastal sea receives metal-rich inputs from a metalliferous mining area, mainly via the Huelva estuary. On-line measurements of dissolved Cu, Zn, Ni and Co were carried out on-board ship during an eight-day sampling campaign in the study area in June 1997. A pumping system operated continuously underway and provided sampled water from a depth of ca. 4 m. Total dissolved metal concentrations measured on-line in the Gulf of Cadiz ranged between <5 nM Cu (<3 nM Ni) ca. 50 km off-shore and 60–90 nM Cu (5–13 nM Ni) in the vicinity of the Huelva estuary. The survey revealed steep gradients and strong tidal variability in the dissolved metal plume extending from the Huelva estuary into the Gulf of Cadiz. Further on-line measurements were carried out with the automatic metal monitor from the bank of the Odiel estuary over a full tidal cycle, at dissolved metal concentrations in the μM range. The application confirmed the suitability of the automated metal monitor for coastal sampling, and demonstrated its adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions in the dynamic waters of estuaries and coastal seas. The near-real time acquisition of dissolved metal concentrations at high resolution enabled an interactive sampling campaign and therefore the close investigation of tidal variability in the development of the Huelva estuary metal plume.

Adsorption Behavior of Exogenous Thorium on Soil Contaminated by Rare Earth Industries

The adsorption behavior of exogenous thorium on soil was studied to evaluate the contaminated risk on soil. The adsorption capacity, equilibrium time, distribution coefficient and desorption ability were investigated by the experiments of static adsorption. The strong adsorption ability of exogenous thorium on soil samples was observed by high adsorption ratio (> 92%) and low desorption ratio (< 5%) in equilibrium, and the biggest distribution coefficient was over 10(4). The adsorption capacity and equilibrium time were related to soil properties. According to the results of adsorption, Freundlich equation (r >= 0.916 7) and Elovich equation (R-2 >= 0. 898 0) were primely fit for describing the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption of exogenous thorium on soil samples, respectively, which indicated that the adsorption was belonged to the nonlinear adsorption, and was affected by the diffusion of thorium on soil surface and in mineral interbed. Sequential extraction procedure was employed to evaluate the bound fractions of exogenous thorium adsorbed on soil samples.

碳/碳复合密封材料及其的制备方法

一种碳／碳复合密封材料及其制备方法，它是以石墨蠕虫为基体填料，短切碳纤维为增强剂，耐高温有机硅高温漆或ＦＢ树脂为粘结剂，经冷压成型后固化、半碳化或热压成型，半碳化工艺制得产品，具有耐高温、强度高、寿命长、耐腐蚀、回弹性好、工艺简单、成本低的特点。