Large-Eddy-Simulation of 3-Dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Incompressible Fluids

The 3-dimensiqnal incompressible Rayleigh-Taylor instability is numerically studied through the large-eddy-simulation (LES) approach based on the passive scalar transport model. Both the instantaneous velocity and the passive scalar fields excited by sinu

3-dimensional transient wave response in a cracked elastic solid

The three-dimensional transient wave response problem is presented for an infinite elastic medium weakened by a plane crack of infinite length and finite width. Tractions are applied suddenly to the crack, which simulates the case of impact loading. The integral transforms are utilized to reduce the problem to a standard Fredholm integral equation in the Laplace transform variable and sequentially invert the Laplace transforms of the stress components by numerical inversion method. The dynamic mode I stress intensity factors at the crack tip are obtained and some numerical results are presented in graphical form.

Fracture analysis for 3-dimensional bodies with a surface crack

This paper deals with fracture analyses in 3-dimensional bodies containing a surface crack. A general solution of stress-strain fields at crack tip is proposed. Based on the stress-strain fields obtained, a high-order 3-dimensional special element is established to calculate the stress intensity factors in a plate with a surface crack. The variation of stress intensity factors with geometric parameters is investigated.

Study on cracked plates, shells and 3 dimensional bodies

This paper presents a summary of the authors' recent work in following areas: (1) The stress-strain fields at crack tip in Reissner's plate. (2) The calculations of the stress intensity factors in finite size plates. (3) The stress-strain fields at crack tip in Reissner's shell. (4) The calculations of the stress intensity factors and bulging coefficients in finite size spherical shells. (5) The stress-strain fields along crack tip in three dimensional body with surface crack. (6) The calculation of stress intensity factors in a plate with surface crack.

Short-surface waves radiated by a partially-immersed 3-dimensional oscillating body

The short-surface waves generated by a 3-D arbitrarily oscillating body floating onwater are discussed. In the far-field off the body, the phase and the amplitude functions ofthe radiated waves are determined by the ray method. An undetermined constant is includ-ed in the amplitude function. From the result of Ref. [1], the near-field boundary layersolution near the body waterline is obtained. The amplitude of this solution depends on thewhole wall shape of the body and the slope at the body waterline on the cross-sections per-pendicular to the waterline. By matching the far-field solution with the near-field bound-ary layer solution, the undetermined constant in the amplitude function of the far-fieldradiated waves is determined. For the special case of a half-submerged sphere which per-forms vertical oscillating motion, the result obtained in this paper is in agreement withthat of Ref. [ 2 ].

One-dimensional improvement and two-dimensional and 3-dimensional treatments for stable oscillation condition, mode structure and power output in high-speed-flow lasers

For high-speed-flow lasers, the one-dimensional and first-order approximate treatment in[1] under approximation of geometrical optics is improved still within the scope of approx-imation of geometrical optics. The strict accurate results are obtained, and what is more,two- and three-dimensional treatments are done. Thus for two- and three-dimensional cases, thestable oscillation condition, the formulae of power output and analytical expression of modesunder approximation of geometrical optics (in terms of gain function) are derived. Accord-ing to the present theory, one-and two-dimensional calculations for the typical case of Gerry'sexperiment are presented. All the results coincide well with the experiment and are better thanthe results obtained in [1].In addition, the applicable scope of Lee's stable oscillation condition given by [1] is ex-panded; the condition for the approximation of gcometrical optics to be applied to mode con-structure in optical cavity is obtained for the first time and the difference between thiscondition and that for free space is also pointed out in the present work.

Two-dimensional numerical simulations of shock waves in micro convergent-divergent nozzles

The steady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with the slip wall boundary conditions were used to simulate the supersonic flow in micro convergent-divergent nozzles. It is observed that shock waves can take place inside or outside of the micronozzles under the earth environment. For the over-expanded flows, there is a boundary layer separation point, downstream of which a wave interface separates the viscous boundary layer with back air flow and the inviscid core flow. The oblique shock wave is followed by the bow shock and shock diamond. The viscous boundary layer thickness relative to the whole nozzle width on the exit plane is increased but attains the maximum value around of 0.5 and oscillates against this value with the continuous increasing of the nozzle upstream pressures. The viscous effect either changes the normal shock waves outside of the nozzle for the inviscid flow to the oblique shock waves inside the nozzle, or transfers the expansion jet flow without shock waves for the inviscid flow to the oblique shock waves outside of the nozzle. 

SELF-CONSISTENT TREATMENT OF 3-DIMENSIONAL - 2-DIMENSIONAL AND 2-DIMENSIONAL - 2-DIMENSIONAL RESONANT-TUNNELING IN DOUBLE-BARRIER STRUCTURES

By using a transfer-matrix method on the basis of two-dimensional (2D) Bloch sums in accordance with a tight-binding scheme, a self-consistent calculation on the resonant tunneling in asymmetric double-barrier structures is presented, in which contributions to resonant tunneling from both three-dimensional (3D) electrons in the contacts and 2D electrons in the spacer or accumulation layers are considered simultaneously. The charge buildup effect on the current versus voltage (I-V) curves is evaluated systematically, showing quantitatively how it results in the I-V bistability and enhanced differences between I-V curves for positive and negative bias in an asymmetric double-barrier structure. Special attention is focused on the interaction between 3D-2D and 2D-2D resonant-tunneling processes, including the suppression of 2D-2D resonant tunneling by the charge buildup in the well accompanying the 3D-2D resonant tunneling. The effects of the emitter doping condition (doping concentration, spacer thickness) on the presence of two types of quasi-2D levels in the emitter accumulation layers, and on the formation of a potential bulge in the emitter region, are discussed in detail in relation to the tunneling process.

U-transformation-finite element method in 3-dimensional analysis of orthotropic laminates

For an orthotropic laminate, an equivalent system with doubly cyclic periodicity is introduced. Then a 3-dimensional finite element model for the equivalent system is transformed into the unitary space, where the large finite element matrix equation is decoupled into some small matrix equations. Such a decoupling very efficiently reduces the computational effort. For an orthotropic laminate with four clamped edges, no exact elasticity solution is available, and the deflection values predicted by different methods have a considerable difference each other for a small length-to-thickness ratio. The present predictions are the largest because the present method is a full 3-dimensional finite element analysis without superfluous constraints. Illustrative numerical examples are presented to observe the distributions of stresses through the thickness of the laminates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Direct Numerical Simulation Of Three-Dimensional Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used to study flow characteristics after interaction of a planar shock with a spherical media interface in each side of which the density is different. This interfacial instability is known as the Richtmyer-Meshkov (R-M) instability. The compressible Navier-Stoke equations are discretized with group velocity control (GVC) modified fourth order accurate compact difference scheme. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed for R-M instability installed passing a shock through a spherical interface. Based on numerical results the characteristics of 3D R-M instability are analysed. The evaluation for distortion of the interface, the deformation of the incident shock wave and effects of refraction, reflection and diffraction are presented. The effects of the interfacial instability on produced vorticity and mixing is discussed.

Elastodynamic stress intensity factor history for a semi-infinite crack under three-dimensional transient loading

The dynamic stress intensity factor history for a semi-infinite crack in an otherwise unbounded elastic body is analyzed. The crack is subjected to a pair of suddenly-applied point loadings on its faces at a distance L away from the crack tip. The exact expression for the mode I stress intensity factor as a function of time is obtained. The method of solution is based on the direct application of integral transforms, the Wiener-Hopf technique and the Cagniard-de Hoop method. Due to the existence of the characteristic length in loading this problem was long believed a knotty problem. Some features of the solutions are discussed and graphical result for numerical computation is presented.

A method for analyzing the coupling of 3-D tapered rib waveguides with fibers

The fields in 3-dimensional tapered waveguides are unstable compared with the fields in the straight waveguides. In the case of waveguide-to-fiber coupling and fiber-to-waveguide coupling, a sequence of short straight waveguides has been modeled to approximate the 3-dimensional tapered waveguide; and the unstable incident and reflected fields, as well as their derivatives, were determined by the beam propagation method(BPM). Then free space radiation mode(FSRM) was employed to calculate the reflected and transmitted powers. Analysis results of the coupling of fiber with silicon-on-insulator(SOI) tapered rib waveguides showed the feasibility of the method.

Numerical simulations of interrupted and conventional microchannel heat sinks

We provide three-dimensional numerical simulations of conjugate heat transfer in conventional and the newly proposed interrupted microchannel heat sinks. The new microchannel heat sink consists of a set of separated zones adjoining shortened parallel microchannels and transverse microchambers. Multi-channel effect, physical property variations, and axial thermal conduction are considered. It is found that flow rate variations in different channels can be neglected, while heat received by different channels accounts for 2% deviations from the averaged value when the heat flux at the back surface of the silicon chip reaches 100 W/cm(2). The computed hydraulic and thermal boundary layers are redeveloping in each separated zone due to shortened flow length for the interrupted microchannel heat sink. The periodic thermal developing flow is responsible for the significant heat transfer enhancement. Two effects influence pressure drops across the newly proposed microchannel heat sink. The first one is the pressure recovery effect in the microchamber, while the second one is the head loss when liquid leaves the microchamber and enters the next zone. The first effect compensates or suppresses the second one, leading to similar or decreased pressure drop than that for the conventional microchannel heat sink, with the fluid Prandtl number larger than unity.

Thermoluminescence characteristics of NaSr4(BO3)(3):Ce3+ under beta-ray irradiation

The thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Ce3+ doped NaSr4(BO3)(3) phosphor under the beta-ray irradiation were reported. The polycrystalline sample was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The TL glow curve of NaSr4(BO3)(3):Ce3+ phosphor was composed of only one peak. TL kinetic parameters of NaSr4(BO3)(3):Ce3+ were deduced by the peak shape method, the activation energy (E) was 0.590 eV and the frequency factor was 1.008x10(6) s(-1). TL dose response was linear in the range of measurement. The 3-dimensional (3D) TL emission spectrum was also recorded, the emission spectrum consisted of two bands located at 441 and 479 nm respectively, corresponding to the characteristic 4f(0)5d(1)-> F-2((5/2,7/2)) transitions of the Ce3+ ion. The fading behavior of the NaSr4(BO3)(3):Ce3+ phosphor over a period of 15 d was also studied.