Waverider configurations derived from general conical flowfields

A method based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is presented for a flexible waverider's design. The generating bodies of this method could be any cones. In addition, either the leading edge or the profile of the scramjet's inlet is used as the waverider's definition curve, parameterized by the quadric function, the sigmoid function or the B-spline function. Furthermore, several numerical examples are carried out to validate the method and the relevant codes. The CFD results of the configurations show that all the designs are successful. Moreover, primary suggestions are proposed for practical design by comparing the geometrical and aerodynamic performances of the cone-derived waveriders at Mach 6.

高压段含有颗粒的含灰气体激波管流动数值模拟

本文给出了用类特征线法计算的高压室含灰的无限长激波管非平衡流动解。以膜压比ｐ４１＝５．０、高压室含灰的体积分数α４＝０．０１为例，详细分析了非平衡流场，并同冻结流解和平衡流解作了详细的对比分析，清楚地显示了含灰气体激波管非平衡流动从冻结流向平衡流过渡的各种细节，说明了基于冻结声速的非平衡流类特征线法计算何以能得到无限趋近于平衡流解的原因。本文的结果表明，类特征线方法可以提供非常精细的气－固二相流非平衡流场结构。

气体脉冲放电中电子能量分布(EED)的测定方法

本文在作者提出的电探针测定稳态等离子体电子能量分布方法(二阶微分网络法)基础上,结合连续脉冲扫描,实现了对脉冲等离子体探针电流对电压二阶导数曲线的连续测量。每条曲线测定时间20～30μs,测量间隔211μs。此方法可用来测定脉冲放电过程中的电子能量分布及其随时间的变化。本文还提出可用惰性气体亚稳态的Penning 电离来标定EED 曲线的能量关系。

非牛顿流体力学

《非牛顿流体力学》一文介绍了由流变学发展起来的一门分支学科——非牛顿流体力学的发展简况、学科内容、研究动向和展望。作者陈文芳教授系英籍非牛顿流体力学专家,1979年来中国,几年来已为我国非牛顿流体力学的发展作出了贡献。作者还深切期望,在本世纪末能建立一个具有中国特色的非牛顿流体力学学派。

高功率CO_2激光积分球涂层的研制

对用等离子喷涂工艺制取的积分球涂层进行了研究。应用-100+140目铝粉在铝基片上喷涂的涂层对10.6微米的红外光有较理想的漫反射性能。试验结果表明,与烧结法制取的漫反射涂层比较,其性能相同,而工艺简单。

多向铺层碳/环氧复合材料特性及声发射分析

本文对六种多向铺层的碳纤维增强环氧复合材料的拉伸破坏性能进行了研究,并采用声发射技术监测其损伤扩展过程,分析了它们的破坏机理。 新型的高性能碳纤维增强环氧复合材料应用于宇航、机械及体育器具等,由于工作条件及受力情况是复杂的,采用多向铺层才能满足受拉、压、弯、剪、扭等不同载荷的分别组合,具体铺层设计要针对主要承力情况来确定。多向铺层复合材料的损伤破坏比单向铺层的情况复杂,更需要采用试验的手段来研究它们的力学性能和破坏机理。在非破坏性测试中声发射技术的特点在于能够配合加载装置在进行试验过程中检测并记录复合材料的破坏过程,而且不移动探头的位置即可监测材料的较大区域,因此应用愈来愈多。声发射技术是利用材料或构件受力变形或损伤过程中应变释放产生弹性波这一原理来检测材料的缺陷、退化和破坏,评定材料的性能。声发射技术可以检测复合材料的剪切破坏及拉伸屈服破坏、分层及纤维断裂、粘接强度等。 本工作对六种多向铺层碳/环氧复合材料(包括0/90、±45°、30/60和三种碳布)进行拉伸试验,确定了它们的强度、模量、最大应变率及泊松比,给出六种不同铺层的应力应变关系以及声发射信号量的关系。采用声发射技术配合显微镜观测手段分析不同铺层的碳/环氧材料的声发射表征

电磁离心分离装置的三元流理论

电磁离心分离装置利用外加电磁场驱动混合气体,产生有利于分离效应的高速旋转流场。这种原理可应用于气态核反应堆、气态核火箭的燃料约束,以及同位素(特别是重同位素)的分离。过去的分析都限于二元轴对称流动,流动进出口的条件未很好处理。本文分析三元流场,用小磁雷诺数展开得到了渐近解,求出了零阶量的分布。本文计算了分离系数,并一般地讨论了这种分离装置的基本性质。

Magnetostatic configuration of a confined magnetic-flux tube

In this paper an isolated magnetic flux tube confined in stratified atmosphere is studied for slender and axisymmetric model. The functions of the pressure, density, and temperature are expanded as a Taylor series of magnetic surface function psi. Several models of an isolated magnetic flux tube confined in a stratified atmosphere are constructed, and the external pressure of the stratified atmosphere decreases reasonably with increasing height. The distribution of thermal dynamic quantities and the magnetic pressure in the flux tube are also obtained.

混合流场控制的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟方法研究了三维小扰动下，混合流场大尺度拟序结构的产生和演化过程，捕捉了展向涡的卷起、配对、合并，以及二次流向涡的出现等大尺度的三维拟序结构，分析了拟序结构与入口扰动方式之间的内在联系，再现了涡卷自身撕裂而引发转捩的现象。

On mechanical properties of metallic glass and its liquid vitrification characteristics

A systematic survey of the available data such as elastic constants, density, molar mass, and glass transition temperature of 45 metallic glasses is conducted. It is found that a critical strain controlling the onset of plastic deformation is material-independent. However, the correlation between elastic constants of solid glass and vitrification characteristics of its liquid does not follow a simple linear relation, and a characteristic volume, viz. molar volume, maybe relating to the characteristic size of a shear transformation zone (STZ), should be involved.

Complex Transition of Double-Diffusive Convection in a Rectangular Enclosure with Height-to-Length Ratio Equal to 4: Part I

This is the first part of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of double-diffusive convection in a slim rectangular enclosure with horizontal temperature and concentration gradients. We consider the case with the thermal Rayleigh number of 10^5, the Pradtle number of 1, the Lewis number of 2, the buoyancy ratio of composition to temperature being in the range of [0,1], and height-to-width aspect ration of 4. A new 7th order upwind compact scheme was developed for approximation of convective terms, and a three-stage third-order Runge-Kutta method was employed for time advancement. Our DNS suggests that with the buoyancy ratio increasing form 0 to 1, the flow of transition is a complex series changing fromthe steady to periodic, chaotic, periodic, quasi-periodic, and finally back to periodic. There are two types of periodic flow, one is simple periodic flow with single fundamental frequency (FF), and another is complex periodic flow with multiple FFs. This process is illustrated by using time-velocity histories, Fourier frequency spectrum analysis and the phase-space rajectories.

The effect of the group delay ripple of chirped fiber grating on composite second-order in optical fiber CATV system

The effect of group delay ripple of chirped fiber gratings on composite second-order (CSO) performance in optical fiber CATV system is investigated. We analyze the system CSO performances for different ripple amplitudes, periods and residual dispersion amounts in detail. It is found that the large ripple amplitude and small ripple period will deteriorate the system CSO performance seriously. Additionally, the residual dispersion amount has considerable effect on CSO performance in the case of small ripple amplitude and large ripple period. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

新型双染料敏化的宽带光聚物全息特性研究

报道了一种新型、两种染料共同敏化的宽带响应光聚物材料，该材料使用孟加拉玫瑰红和亚甲基蓝作为联合光敏剂，由于混合染料的加入，使材料的感光光谱范围大大加宽．用四种波长的光对样品进行曝光，衍射效率均大于40％，最高可达80％，适合于多波长存储，分别用不同波长的激光在样品同一位置存储了四幅不同的图像，其再现图像效果良好，表明该材料是一种较理想的多波长全息存储材料。

关于中国古代玻璃研究的几个问题

化学成分体系的确定是中国古代玻璃研究中的一个重要方面。采用外束质子激发X射线荧光（PIXE）、感应耦合等离子发射光谱（ICP—AES）等技术对中国古代玻璃的化学成分进行分析，并结合国内外其他学者对古代玻璃研究的现有成果，从科技研究的角度对中国古代玻璃（主要是东汉以前）研究中存在的相关问题进行探讨。指出：应加强对西周到战国时期中国出土的釉砂、玻砂、镶嵌玻璃珠（含陶胎镶嵌玻璃珠），以及伴随古代玻璃同时出土的绿松石等文物的科技研究，并结合对中国古代陶瓷和冶金技术的研究，以进一步探索中国古代玻璃技术的发展。

钛宝石中子辐照色心的研究

研究了中子辐照下钛宝石单晶体缺陷的形成及光学性能的变化。对温度梯度法(TGT)生长的钛宝石晶体进行中子辐照。中子能量为1．5MeV，剂量为4．32×10^18 neutrons／cm^2。辐照后194nm吸收峰强度增加,268nm吸收峰强度则降低。荧光谱检测中发现辐照使得420nm荧光峰强度明显降低，荧光峰位置也蓝移至414nm处。分析表明辐照使得钛宝石晶体内形成F^+缺陷，同时Ti^4+离子则转化成Ti^3+离子。辐照后的钛宝石在247C处有热释光TL出现，通过初始上升法计算出其陷阱深度为0．63eV。