Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with VO(P-204)(2) and VO(P-507)(2) activated by alkylaluminum

The oxovanadium phosphonates (VO(P-204)(2) and VO(P-507)(2)) activated by various alkylaluminums (AlR3, R = Et, i-Bu, n-Oct; HAIR(2), R = Et, i-Bu) were examined in butadiene (Bd) polymerization. Both VO(P-204)(2) and VO(P-507)(2) showed higher activity than those of classical vanadium-based catalysts (e.g. VOCl3, V(acac)(3)). Among the examined catalysts, the VO(P-204)(2)/Al(Oct)(3) system (I) revealed the highest catalytic activity, giving the poly(Bd) bearing M-n of 3.76 x 10(4) g/mol, and M-w/M-n ratio of 2.9, when the [Al]/[V] molar ratio was 4.0 at 40 degrees C. The polymerization rate for I is of the first order with respect to the concentration of monomer. High thermal stability of I was found, since a fairly good catalytic activity was achieved even at 70 degrees C (polymer yield > 33%); the M-n value and M-w/M-n, ratio were independent of polymerization temperature in the range of 40-70 degrees C. By IR and DSC, the poly(Bd)s obtained had high 1,2-unit content (> 65%) with atactic configuration. The 1,2-unit content of the polymers obtained by I was nearly unchanged, regardless of variation of reaction conditions, i.e. [Al]/[V], ageing time, and reaction temperature, indicating the high stability of stereospecificity of the active sites.

红壤农田水热动态耦合模式和观测研究

建立了红壤农田水热动态耦合模式,分析了模式中温度变化与水分运动分层的物理原因,说明了气候状况对地表面能量交换的 影响,给出了净辐射和蒸散量的计算方法,提出了有限差分计算中具有二阶精度的Euler隐式格式,介绍了红壤站的气候概况和野外观 测情况.最后利用本模式对红壤花生地陆气水热交换过程进行了数值模拟,模拟值与实测值吻合较好.

In situ formation by laser cladding of a TiC composite coating with a gradient distribution

An in situ method was developed to produce an Ni alloy composite coating reinforced by in situ reacted TiC particles with a gradient distribution, using one-step laser cladding with a pre-placed powder mixture on a 5CrMnMo steel substrate. Dispersed and ultra-fine TIC particles were formed in situ in the coating. Most. of the TiC particles, with a marked gradient distribution, were uniformly distributed within interdendritic regions because of the trapping effect of the advancing solid-liquid interface. In addition, the TiC-gamma-Ni interfaces generated in situ were found to be free from any deleterious surface reaction. Finally, the microhardness also showed a gradient variation, with the highest value of 1250 Hv0.2 and the wear properties of the coating were significantly enhanced.

Investigation on mechanical properties and size effect of nanocrystalline twin copper

The stress-strain relations of nanocrystalline twin copper with variously sized grains and twins are studied by using FEM simulations based on the conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity (CMSG). A model of twin lamellae strengthening zone is proposed and a cohesive interface model is used to simulate grain-boundary sliding and separation. Effects of material parameters on stress-strain curves of polycrystalline twin copper are studied in detail. Furthermore, the effects of both twin lamellar spacing and twin lamellar distribution on the stress-strain relations are investigated under tension loading. The numerical simulations show that both the strain gradient effect and the material hardening increase with decreasing the grain size and twin lamellar spacing. The distribution of twin lamellae has a significant influence on the overall mechanical properties, and the effect is reduced as both the grain size and twin lamellar spacing decrease. Finally, the FEM prediction results are compared with the experimental data.

弹道靶线圈法测速的研究

本文介绍了一种新的用于弹道靶实验的测速方法.该方法用线圈作为测速的探测装置,结合自行设计的计时装置——单次双路测速仪,组成一套测速设备.实验表明,该设备装置简单,造价低,抗干扰能力强,对模型无破坏作用,测量精度高.本方法在目前国内弹道靶实验中尚属首次使用.

复合材料及其结构的非线性力学问题

本文根据最近文献及新近进展,讨论了复合材料及其结构的非线性力学问题,这是一个在实用上和理论上很重要并且越来越重要的问题。

有涨落效应的磁流体静力学关系——局部展开

本文采用局部展开的方法,分析了湍流近似条件下的磁流体静力学关系。对于涨落的、平均的动量守恒和磁感应方程,都得到了可以自洽的湍流场关系。与普通的静力学关系相比,湍流场引进的力包括与平均场平行和垂直分量的力1/(4π)(a~((1))×B_0)×B_0,以及与平均场垂直的由湍流边值引进的力1/(4π)k×B_0。对于二维磁场位形,基本方程可化为一个二阶椭圆型方程,其中包括由涨落场引进的一些线性和非线性项。湍流场使磁场位形改变,可使位形非均匀剪切。在许多天体物理环境中都观测到湍流场,因此研究湍流场的影响是重要的。

关于充液腔体旋转运动稳定问题的变分原理及其应用

对于任意形状、充满粘性液体的腔体绕惯性主轴整体旋转的一般情形,导得小扰动运动的一组线性微分一积分方程组.在稳定理论基础上发展的一系列方法都处理不了这个问题.本文应用文献[1]中的方法导得这个问题变分原理的一般形式,并得到一系列稳定判据,以前不少作者的结果均是本文的特例~([3-6])。本文的变分方法在充液腔体运动稳定性问题中具有较广泛的应用,对于线性非自伴本征值问题原则上都能应用。

考虑剪应变的弹性薄壁杆件的振动理论

<正> 对于开口截面彈性薄壁杆件的振动問題,符拉索夫在1940年提出的理論,是基于下列两个基本假設:(1)截面具有剛硬不可变形的周綫;(2)中曲面无剪应变。其后,有些学者也曾提出过相同的理論(例如.R.海里格).由于忽略了中曲面的剪应变,我們可以估計得到,符拉索夫的理論只适用于研究低频率的固有振动和強迫振动,而不适用于研究高频瘁的振动。由于行动載荷和冲击载荷必然引起各个固有频率的振动,因此符拉索夫的理論也不适用于研究这些載荷作用下的振动問題。为了要更好地研究这些問題,必須要考慮剪应变的影响。