Numerical Study on Flow Field and Temperature Distribution in Growth Process of 200 mm Czochralski Silicon Crystals

The melt flow and temperature distribution in a 200 mm silicon Czochralski furnace with a cusp magnetic field was modeled and simulated by using a finite-volume based FLUTRAPP ( Fluid Flow and Transport Phenomena Program) code. The melt flow in the crucible was focused, which is a result of the competition of buoyancy, the centrifugal forces caused by the rotations of the crucible and crystal, the thermocapillary force on the free surfaces and the Lorentz force induced by the cusp magnetic field. The zonal method for radiative heat transfer was used in the growth chamber, which was confined by the crystal surface, melt surface, crucible, heat shield, and pull chamber. It was found that the cusp magnetic field could strength the dominant counter-rotating swirling flow cell in the crucible and reduce the flow oscillation and the pulling-rate fluctuation. The fluctuation of dopant and oxygen concentration in the growing crystal could thus be smoothed.

神农架的植被及其1：200，200植被图的编制

神农架位于湖北省西部，长江以北、汉水以南的广阔地带，属北亚热带向暖温带的过渡区域。本文依据该地区所处地理位置的植被分布规律等资料，绘制了1：20万的植被复原图。并在此基础上，运用ERDAS imagine 8.4和Maplnfoprofessional 6.0软件，分别对神农架地区的TM影像（5、4、3波段）进行监督分类及目视解译，同时结合野外的样方调查，绘制了神农架地区1：20万的植被类型图，并建立了相应的属性数据库。最后，根据野外的GPS定位点对制图精度进行了Kappa检验。 制图结果表明，制图区总面积3476.67 km2，共计504个斑块。据统计，林地面积2607.45 km2，森林覆盖率75%;山地灌丛及亚高山灌丛总面积358.62 km2，占总面积的10.3%：草甸面积156.84 km2，占4.51%。自然植被划分为10个植被型，46个群系，以及农田（包括居民点）和茶园两种农业土地利用类型。其中针叶、落叶阔叶混交林面积最大（6个群系），约908 km2，占总面积的26.12%;其它依次为落叶阔叶林（1 1个群系），针叶林（4个群系），常绿阔叶林（3个群系），山地灌丛（5个群系），常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶混交林（3个群系），亚高山灌丛(6个群系)，草甸（4个群系）以及亚高山针叶林（3个群系）等。另外，两种农业土地利用类型面积共计430 kn12，占总面积的12.37%。 植被类型图与复原图叠加分析表明：①常绿阔叶林的理论分布区域，由常绿阔叶林，常绿、落叶阔叶混交林等7种植被型以及农田（含居民点）等土地利用类型共同组成。因处低海拔区域，人口集中，所以农田（含居民点）分布最广，所占面积最大，占到该区域面积的35.28%;加上长期的人为干扰，常绿阔叶林面积缩小至48.76 krr12，占到该区域面积的13.93%;②常绿、落叶阔叶混交林的理论分布区域内，因干扰后落叶阔叶林恢复较快，逐渐占据优势。另外，该区域海拔较低，人类活动也较频繁，农田（含居民点）面积仍有相当的比例;③针阔混交林理论分布区海拔位置高，人为活动影响少，原地带性植被保存较好，分布面积最大;其余部分为落阔林等7种植被型共同组成。④针叶林理论分布区域应是以巴山冷杉林为单优种的亚高山针叶林带，但因历史上的皆伐及火烧等原因，现面积仅有17 kfr12，占该区域的19.8%，其余则为亚高山灌丛及亚高山草甸所替代。

Yb3+-doped 200 mu m diameter core, gain guided index-antiguided fiber

The lasing in an end-pumped gain guided index-antiguided (GG-IAG) Yb3+-doped silicate glass fiber with a 200 mu m diameter core is demonstrated. Laser beams with similar beam propagation factors M (2) and mode field diameters W (0) (> 160 mu m) were observed at the output end of the GG-IAG fibers under different pump powers, which indicated that single mode behavior and excellent beam quality were achieved during propagation. Furthermore, the laser amplifier characteristics in the present Yb3+-doped GG-IAG fiber were also evaluated.

~(40)Ar~(10+)轰击Al和Si固体表面形成的200～1000nm光谱

报道了利用兰州重离子加速器国家实验室ECR离子源提供的高电荷态离子~(40)Ar~(10+)入射到Al和p型Si表面所产生的Al,Si,Ar原子的200～1000nm特征光谱的实验测量结果。结果表明,低速高电荷态离子与团体表面原子相互作用可有效地激发靶原子和靶离子的特征谱线,而且由于发射二次电子的无辐射退激与辐射光子退激过程的竞争,使得在p型Si表面上Ar原子的光谱强度总体大于在Al表面上的光谱强度。

Measurement of the Bottom Quark Contribution to Nonphotonic Electron Production in p plus p Collisions at root s=200 GeV

The contribution of B meson decays to nonphotonic electrons, which are mainly produced by the semileptonic decays of heavy-flavor mesons, in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV has been measured using azimuthal correlations between nonphotonic electrons and hadrons. The extracted B decay contribution is approximately 50% at a transverse momentum of p(T) >= 5 GeV/c. These measurements constrain the nuclear modification factor for electrons from B and D meson decays. The result indicates that B meson production in heavy ion collisions is also suppressed at high p(T).

gamma cross section in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV

We report on a measurement of the gamma(1S + 2S + 3S) -> e(+)e(-) cross section at midrapidity in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV. We find the cross section to be 114 +/- 38(stat + fit)(-24)(+23)(syst) pb. Perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the color evaporation model are in agreement with our measurement, while calculations in the color singlet model underestimate it by 2 sigma. Our result is consistent with the trend seen in world data as a function of the center-of-mass energy of the collision and extends the availability of gamma data to RHIC energies. The dielectron continuum in the invariant-mass range near the gamma is also studied to obtain a combined yield of e(+)e(-) pairs from the sum of the Drell-Yan process and b-(b) over bar production.

Azimuthal di-hadron correlations in d plus Au and Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV measured at the STAR detector

Yields, correlation shapes, and mean transverse momenta p(T) of charged particles associated with intermediate-to high-p(T) trigger particles (2.5 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c) in d + Au and Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV are presented. For associated particles at higher p(T) greater than or similar to 2.5 GeV/c, narrow correlation peaks are seen in d + Au and Au + Au, indicating that the main production mechanism is jet fragmentation. At lower associated particle pT < 2 GeV/c, a large enhancement of the near- (Delta phi similar to 0) and away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) associated yields is found, together with a strong broadening of the away-side azimuthal distributions in Au + Au collisions compared to d + Au measurements, suggesting that other particle production mechanisms play a role. This is further supported by the observed significant softening of the away-side associated particle yield distribution at Delta phi similar to pi in central Au + Au collisions.