13 resultados para 1970-1976
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
本文重点分析了黄华属植物的形态变异,并结合微形态、植物地理及分子生物学的证据,对全世界黄华属植物首次进行了全面的分类学修订,承认全世界黄华属植物共5组、21种、6变种。对Czefranova (1954,1958,1970,1976)的分类系统/2亚属、4组、38种,及其他学者描述的种进行了修正。对7个种进行了归并处理:确认了3个种的分类学地位;新组合了两个变种;建立了1个新组。 考证了属的正确模式及一些种的合法学名。长期被误用的本属模式 Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br. (1811)实际上是根据Sophora lupinoides L.(1973)同 模式(轮生花)建立的一个多余名,这个命名法上的异名应当被废弃而代之以T. lupinoides (L.) Link (1821)。而长期被误用的东北亚互生花黄华的正确名称应当是T. fabacea (Pall.) DC. (1825). 本文首次较全面的研究了黄华属植物的地理学。黄华属基本上为东亚-北美间断分布属。东亚地区是黄华属植物的现代分布及分化中心。伊朗-土兰地区及落基山地区是次生分布和次生演化中心,该属的多倍性现象也出现在这二地区,而且自此二地区曾经描述了许多新分类群,同时也被归并了很多,然而,最近的分子生物学证据又揭示,在这些地区曾被归并的一些分类群应是不同的实体,这似乎也在提醒分类学家,对这些物种分化较活跃的区域进行分类处理时,无论是描述新分类群,抑还归并或新组合旧分类群都应持谨慎态度。 据黄华属植物的现代地理分布、形态演化趋势、现有的化石及地质历史资料推测,黄华属植物在中新世之前早已存在,并且很可能在早第三纪或晚白垩纪,起源于劳亚古陆上一个含羽扇豆生物碱的古槐成员。两大陆分离后,在不同的促进种化因子的影响下,形成了各自的演化格局。根据黄华属植物的系统演化趋势、原始类群的分布式样及特有现象分析,东亚地区的中国,日本亚区和北美的阿把拉契亚省可能是可能是本属现存植物的原始类型保存中心。
Resumo:
我国湖南黔阳农校于1964年开始水稻雄性不育研究,1970年全国各地陆续开展此项研究,当年冬,黔阳农校发现花粉败育的野生稻植株,为我国杂交水稻育成打开了突破口。1970年广东等省相继成立杂优协作组,1971年从湖南引入野败材料,开始了全国性的对水稻野败材料的研究。1972年被列为全国重大科研项目,有19个省市、自治区分别成立了协作组。同年,江西、湖南等省利用野败材料育成“二九矮”、“珍汕97”、“二九南I号”、“71-72”等第一批籼稻雄性不育系和保持系。1973年广东、广西、江西、湖南先后分别利用上述雄性不育系较大群体上获得“IR24”、“IR661”及“泰引一号”、“水田谷6号”等强恢复系,宣告我国水稻“三系”配套,制出第一批强优杂交水稻组合,取得了水稻杂优利用的重大突破。1974年,广西、广东、上海等省市在5600亩大面积上进行生产鉴定,证明取得显著增产效果。1976年全国种植面积100余万亩,到1979年单广东省种植面积就为190万亩,一般可比当家种增产2-3成。水稻“三系”杂优利用已成为我国水稻大面积增产的重要措施,经济效益巨大,1981年国家科委授予全国杂优协作组特等发明奖,广东省杂优协作组为全国五个重点获奖省区之一。
Resumo:
Hydrological statistical data, remote sensing images, and bathymetric charts were used to study the recent evolution of the Huanghe (Yellow) River delta under human-induced interventions. It was clear that water and sediment discharge from the Huanghe River had dropped rapidly since 1970, particularly after 1986. The water and sediment discharges for the period of 1986-2000 were found to have been reduced to only 29.2% and 31.2% of those in the period of 1950-69. This was caused by human factors in the upper and middle reaches of the Huanghe River, including water diversion, damming and reservoir construction, and water and soil conservation. Based on the results from visual interpretation of processed Landsat (MSS or TMJETM+) images dated from 1976 to 2001 and two digital elevation models generated from bathymetric charts surveyed in 1976 and 1992, we found that human-induced reduction of water and sediment discharge led to coastline retrogradation, with the maximum mean recession rate of -0.51 km yr-1 over the period of 1976-98, and seabed erosion beyond the -20 m isobath between 1976 and 1992. Other impacts of human activities on the recent evolution of the Huanghe River delta, including tidal flats shrinking, artificial coastline increasing, land surface sinking and so on, were also analyzed. We found that: (i) the whole delta, including subaerial and subaqueous, has turned from a highly constructive period to a destructive phase; (ii) channelization and dredging were two of the main causes of delta destruction; (iii) land loss in the Huanghe River delta caused by submersion will be increased in the near future; (iv) the Huanghe River delta was becoming more fragile and susceptible to natural hazards.