Strain Gradient Effects on Deformation Strengthening Behavior of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

Dislocation models with considering the mismatch of elastic modulus between matrix and reinforcing particles are used to determine the effective strain gradient \ita for particle reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCp) in the present research. Based on Taylor relation and the kinetics of dislocation multiplication, glide and annihilation, a strain gradient dependent constitutive equation is developed. By using this strain gradient-dependent constitutive equation, size-dependent deformation strengthening behavior is characterized. The results demonstrate that the smaller the particle size, the more excellent in the reinforcing effect. Some comparisons with the available experimental results demonstrate that the present approach is satisfactory.

Micro-systems for Optical Protein-Chip

Protein-Chip as micro-assays for the determination of protein interaction, the analysis, the identification and the purification of proteins has large potential applications. The Optical Protein-Chip is able to detect the multi-interaction of proteins and multi-bio-activities of molecules directly and simultaneously with no labeling. The chip is a small matrix on solid substrate containing multi-micro-area prepared by microfabrication with photolithography or soft lithography for surface patterning, and processed with surface modification which includes the physical, chemical, and bio-chemical modifications, etc. The ligand immobilization, such as protein immobilization, especially the oriented immobilization with low steric hindrance and high bio-specific binding activity between ligand and receptor is used to form a sensing surface. Each area of the pattern is corresponding to only one bioactivity. The interval between the areas is non-bioactive and optically extinctive. The affinity between proteins is used to realize non-labeling microassays for the determination of protein identification and protein interaction. The sampling of the chip is non-disturbing, performed with imaging ellipsometry and image processing on a database of proteins.

Small scale, grain size and substrate effects in nano-indentation experiment of film-substrate systems

The mechanical properties of film-substrate systems have been investigated through nano-indentation experiments in our former paper (Chen, S.H., Liu, L., Wang, T.C., 2005. Investigation of the mechanical properties of thin films by nano-indentation, considering the effects of thickness and different coating-substrate combinations. Surf. Coat. Technol., 191, 25-32), in which Al-Glass with three different film thicknesses are adopted and it is found that the relation between the hardness H and normalized indentation depth h/t, where t denotes the film thickness, exhibits three different regimes: (i) the hardness decreases obviously with increasing indentation depth; (ii) then, the hardness keeps an almost constant value in the range of 0.1-0.7 of the normalized indentation depth h/t; (iii) after that, the hardness increases with increasing indentation depth. In this paper, the indentation image is further investigated and finite element method is used to analyze the nano-indentation phenomena with both classical plasticity and strain gradient plasticity theories. Not only the case with an ideal sharp indenter tip but also that with a round one is considered in both theories. Finally, we find that the classical plasticity theory can not predict the experimental results, even considering the indenter tip curvature. However, the strain gradient plasticity theory can describe the experimental data very well not only at a shallow indentation depth but also at a deep depth. Strain gradient and substrate effects are proved to coexist in film-substrate nano-indentation experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

涂布流动和涂布材料的流变性能

本文列举涂布工艺的实例,给出基本流动方程。叙述了涂布材料流变性质的某些例子。评述了:①棱形条纹;②斜面流动的稳定性;③“桔皮”现象;④在表面张力作用下薄膜表面变平的过程;⑤三相线的奇异性。最后,为了很好地理解涂布现象,考虑了旋转甩涂过程。

激波加热空气红外辐射的测量

在ψ800mm低密度激波管的反射激波后,对高温平衡空气1μ附近分子带系辐射再一次进行了测量。激波管内初始压力取为0.1—lmmHg,测量的温度范围为6000—7500°K,相应的标准密度范围ρ/ρ_0≈0.016—0.1。 λ=1.04μ,测量的空气辐射比N_2(1+)频带贡献的辐射值约高2—5倍,超过量随P_1的增加而升高。过量辐射用NO分子密度归一化后对1/T作图,得到一条直线;而对N_2归一化后的作图,得到与前者平行、随P_1降低而从上向下平移的一组直线,这是联系空气辐射与氮分子的一种特有的新规律。它说明,除了激波管内初始密度维持不变之外,激波加热空气的近红外辐射与N_2分子之间,并不存在似它与NO及纯氮辐射对N_2分子那样的相关关系;揭露出过去激波管关于空气近红外辐射测量中出现的与NO假设和否定氮为主要辐射源的观点相矛盾的实验现象——所测强度数据似可用N_2(1+)来说明,是因密度范围较窄而造成的一种假象。因而,测量为论证空气在近红外的主要辐射源为NO而不是N_2提供了新的实验依据,并使以往激波管测量中的矛盾统一起来了。

旋风分离器三维流场的测定

在φ400mm及φ830mn两个实验模型上,用五孔探针及热线风速仪较详尽地测定了旋风分离器的三维速度场以及湍流强度场.除切向速度分布验证了前人结果外,得到了径向速度非轴对称性,轴向速度分布中心处存在滞流、倒流、湍流强度在中心有单峰分布等结果,并初步考察了二次流引起的上涡环问题.

Three-dimensional crack problem analysis using boundary element method with finite-part integrals

A set of hypersingular integral equations of a three-dimensional finite elastic solid with an embedded planar crack subjected to arbitrary loads is derived. Then a new numerical method for these equations is proposed by using the boundary element method combined with the finite-part integral method. According to the analytical theory of the hypersingular integral equations of planar crack problems, the square root models of the displacement discontinuities in elements near the crack front are applied, and thus the stress intensity factors can be directly calculated from these. Finally, the stress intensity factor solutions to several typical planar crack problems in a finite body are evaluated.

Coflow jets with large velocity difference - a new aerodynamic principle of flame stabilization and combustion intensification

A new aerodynamic principle of flame stabilization and combustion intensification, the coflow jets with large velocity difference, is described. One or more small high-velocity jets of air or steam, injected off the axis and in the same direction as the low-velocity main fuel-air flow into the combustor, create a large recirculation zone of high turbulence intensity in which the combustibles and high temperature gases are effectively mixed, so that stable and intensive combustion can be maintained even for fuels with poor ignition. A pulverized coal combustor based on the principle mentioned above is shown to be characteristic of excellent combustoom and a simple structure. A number of precombustors of this type are in operation at some power stations and industrial boilers of China. Using such precombustor, successtul startups and part-load operation of the boilers have become available under conditions of unpreheated air and low-grade coal with volatiles as low as 15% and ash content as high as 30%. This principle shows good promise as an attractive new technology of combustion.

Application of the strain energy density criterion to ductile fracture

The strain energy density criterion due to Sih is used to predict fracture loads of two thin plates subjected to large elastic-plastic deformation. The prediction is achieved with a finite element analysis which is based on Hill's variational principle for incremental deformations capable of solving gross yielding problems involving arbitrary amounts of deformation. The computed results are in excellent agreement with those obtained in Sih's earlier analysis and with an experimental observation.

The permanence of density waves of galaxy and the numerical investigation of waser mechanism

This paper deals with in detail the permanence of the spiral structure of galaxies andthe characters of waser mechanism. A simplified model of galaxy is adopted. Variousdynamical characters of density waves are studied using numerical calculation method. Theresults verify very well the switch character f waser and the tunnel effect of density wavesat the potential barrier of corotation circle as is shown in a previous work of the author.

流体运动稳定性方程组椭圆特性的分析与应用

利用抛物化稳定方程(PSE)特征分析得知，原始扰动量的线性和非线性PSE整体来说为抛物型．利用PSE的次特征分析证明，对速度Ⅳ，在亚音速和跨音速区，线性PSE分别为椭圆型和双曲一抛物型；对速度u+口，在亚音速和跨音速区，菲线性PSE分别为椭圆型和双曲．抛物型(其中， U和“分别为主流方向的扰动和未扰流速度分量)．结论表明，流体运动稳定性方程组的“抛物化”简化。仅把信息的对流扩散传播抛物化，而保留了信息的对流扰动传播特性，PSE实质上是扩散抛物化稳定性方程组．根据特征次特征理论提出了消除PSE剩余椭圆特性的方法，所得结论对线性PSE已有结论一致，并给出了Mach数的影响．同时，进一步给出了消除非线性PSE的剩余椭圆特性的方法．

用于激波管/风洞的双爆轰驱动段

对爆轰驱动段的发展进程进行了回顾.比较了反向与前向爆轰驱动段的优缺点.提出在前向爆轰驱动段上游增加反向辅爆轰驱动段,来消除主驱动段中爆轰波后的Taylor波,改善其驱动性能.这种双爆轰驱动段只要辅与主驱动段初始压力比等于或大于临界值,主驱动段中的Taylor波将不再出现,可产生均匀的高温高压驱动气体.此外,还能产生过驱动爆轰波,进一步提高驱动能力.