MMCs的冲击力学性能及拉压不对称性研究

利用动态Hopkinson装置和Instron 4026测试了15%SiC_P/Al-5Cu、15%SiC_P/2124、15%SiC_P/Al-Li、15%SiC_W/6061和30%SiC_P/6061铝合金等几种复合材料的准静态和冲击力学性能，探讨了应变率对于强度、硬化模量和失效应变等的影响。同时观察了上述材料动态拉伸断口，揭示了金属基复合材料破坏的几种不同控制机理。最后讨论了实验中发现的上述复合材料挤压不对称性的新特征，其中考虑了金属基复合材料的热失配应力和不同的损伤、破坏控制机理。

The Newest Developments Of Load-Unload Response Ratio (Lurr)

The Load Unload Response Ratio (LURR) method is an intermediate-term earthquake prediction approach that has shown considerable promise. It is inspiring that its predictions using LURR have been improving. Since 2004 we have made a major breakthrough in intermediate-term earthquake forecasting of the strong earthquakes on the Chinese mainland using LURR and successfully predicted the Pakistan earthquake with magnitude M 7.6 on October 8, 2005. The causes for improving the prediction in terms of LURR have been discussed in the present paper.

Comparison Between Lurr And State Vector Analysis Before Strong Earthquakes In Southern California Since 1980

There are seven strong earthquakes with M >= 6.5 that occurred in southern California during the period from 1980 to 2005. In this paper, these earthquakes were studied by the LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) method and the State Vector method to detect if there are anomalies before them. The results show that LURR anomalies appeared before 6 earthquakes out of 7 and State Vector anomalies appeared before all 7 earthquakes. For the LURR method, the interval between maximum LURR value and the forthcoming earthquake is 1 to 19 months, and the dominant mean interval is about 10.7 months. For the State Vector method, the interval between the maximum modulus of increment State Vector and the forthcoming earthquake is from 3 to 27 months, but the dominant mean interval between the occurrence time of the maximum State Vector anomaly and the forthcoming earthquake is about 4.7 months. The results also show that the minimum valid space window scale for the LURR and the State Vector is a circle with a radius of 100 km and a square of 3 degrees 3 degrees, respectively. These results imply that the State Vector method is more effective for short-term earthquake prediction than the LURR method, however the LURR method is more effective for location prediction than the State Vector method.

Fast Computing For Lurr Of Earthquake Prediction

The LURR theory is a new approach for earthquake prediction, which achieves good results in earthquake prediction within the China mainland and regions in America, Japan and Australia. However, the expansion of the prediction region leads to the refinement of its longitude and latitude, and the increase of the time period. This requires increasingly more computations, and the volume of data reaches the order of GB, which will be very difficult for a single CPU. In this paper, a new method was introduced to solve this problem. Adopting the technology of domain decomposition and parallelizing using MPI, we developed a new parallel tempo-spatial scanning program.

A second-order dynamic subgrid-scale stress model

A second-order dynamic model based on the general relation between the subgrid-scale stress and the velocity gradient tensors was proposed. A priori test of the second-order model was made using moderate resolution direct numerical simulation date at high Reynolds number ( Taylor microscale Reynolds number R-lambda = 102 similar to 216) for homogeneous, isotropic forced flow, decaying flow, and homogeneous rotating flow. Numerical testing shows that the second-order dynamic model significantly improves the correlation coefficient when compared to the first-order dynamic models.

Singularity of dynamic stress fields around an interface crack between viscoelastic bodies

The singular nature of the dynamic stress fields around an interface crack located between two dissimilar isotropic linearly viscoelastic bodies is studied. A harmonic load is imposed on the surfaces of the interface crack. The dynamic stress fields around the crack are obtained by solving a set of simultaneous singular integral equations in terms of the normal and tangent crack dislocation densities. The singularity of the dynamic stress fields near the crack tips is embodied in the fundamental solutions of the singular integral equations. The investigation of the fundamental solutions indicates that the singularity and oscillation indices of the stress fields are both dependent upon the material constants and the frequency of the harmonic load. This observation is different from the well-known -1/2 oscillating singularity for elastic bi-materials. The explanation for the differences between viscoelastic and elastic bi-materials can be given by the additional viscosity mismatch in the case of viscoelastic bi-materials. As an example, the standard linear solid model of a viscoelastic material is used. The effects of the frequency and the material constants (short-term modulus, long-term modulus and relaxation time) on the singularity and the oscillation indices are studied numerically.

Bio-inspired mechanics of reversible adhesion: Orientation-dependent adhesion strength for non-slipping adhesive contact with transversely isotropic elastic materials

Geckos and many insects have evolved elastically anisotropic adhesive tissues with hierarchical structures that allow these animals not only to adhere robustly to rough surfaces but also to detach easily upon movement. In order to improve Our understanding of the role of elastic anisotropy in reversible adhesion, here we extend the classical JKR model of adhesive contact mechanics to anisotropic materials. In particular, we consider the plane strain problem of a rigid cylinder in non-slipping adhesive contact with a transversely isotropic elastic half space with the axis of symmetry oriented at an angle inclined to the surface. The cylinder is then subjected to an arbitrarily oriented pulling force. The critical force and contact width at pull-off are calculated as a function of the pulling angle. The analysis shows that elastic anisotropy leads to an orientation-dependent adhesion strength which can vary strongly with the direction of pulling. This study may suggest possible mechanisms by which reversible adhesion devices can be designed for engineering applications. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

爆破拆除建筑物时震动安全距离的确定

采用爆破方法拆除建筑物时,使周围建筑物产生振动的原因是药包的爆破作用和被拆建筑物塌落时对地面的撞击。实测石景山发电厂厂房拆除爆破产生的地面震动结果说明,基础类建筑物爆破产生的震动比建筑物爆破的震动要大,高大集中质量物体塌落撞击震动可能大于炸药爆破产生的震动强度。塌落震动波的主频低。因此,塌落震动可能造成的破坏应引起重视。控制被拆建筑物的解体尺寸可以减少塌落撞击震动强度。

板块运动的模拟实验

本文较详细地分析了板块运动模拟实验的困难性.提出了用物质密度差代替温度差的实验方法,结合离心技术,研究了地幔对流对板块运动的作用,成功地再现了板块运动的流动图案。 通过对上涌流动微分方程组的分析,本文还建立了模拟实验中“模型”与“原型”之间的相似准则D_e=D_m。

四边简支矩形板稳定问题的精确解

本文从三维弹性力学出发,推导了四边均匀受压简支矩形板的临界载荷公式,并进行了数值计算与经典理论及考虑剪应变薄板理论进行了分析比较。

高频感应放电的理论分析

本文利用拟渠道模型得到简明的分析表达式,求出了放电特性曲线;定义了高频振荡器的输出特性曲线,并作了计算;且由槽路参数将上述两曲线联系起来,定出工作点。为此可预先对任一种气体及高频机判断放电能否维持;可以讨论对工程实践至关重要的阻抗匹配问题以及功率放大规律;并指出π网络适用于氢等离子体而且得到实验证实。

Fracture criteria for combined cleavage and dislocation emission

A general theory of fracture criteria for mixed dislocation emission and cleavage processes is developed based on Ohr's model. Complicated cases involving mixed-mode loading are considered. Explicit formulae are proposed for the critical condition of crack cleavage propagation after a number of dislocation emissions. The effects of crystal orientation, crack geometry and load phase angle on the apparent critical energy release rates and the total number of the emitted dislocations at the initiation of cleavage are analysed in detail. In order to evaluate the effects of nonlinear interaction between the slip displacement and the normal separation, an analysis of fracture criteria for combined dislocation emission and cleavage is presented on the basis of the Peierls framework. The calculation clearly shows that the nonlinear theory gives slightly high values of the critical apparent energy release rate G(c) for the same load phase angle. The total number N of the emitted dislocations at the onset of cleavage given by nonlinear theory is larger than that of linear theory.

Molecular dynamics studies on the dislocation gliding near a tilt boundary

The gliding behavior of edge dislocation near a grain boundary(QB) in copper under pure shear stresses is simulated by using molecular dynamics(MD) method. Many-body potential incorporating the embedded atom method (EAM) is used. The critical shear stresses for a single disocation to pass across GB surface are obtained at values of sigma(c)=23MPa similar to 68 MPa and 137 MPa similar to 274 MPa for Sigma=165 small angle tilt GB at 300 K and 20 K, respectively. The first result agrees with the experimental yield stress sigma(y)(=42 MPa) quite well. It suggests that there might be one of the reasons of initial plastic yielding caused by single dislocation gliding across GB. In addition, there might be possibility to obtain yield strength from microscopic analysis. Moreover, the experimental value of sigma(y) at low temperature is generally higher than that at room temperature. So, these results are in conformity qualitatively with experimental fact. On the other hand, the Sigma=25 GB is too strong an obstacle to the dislocation. In this case, a dislocation is able to pass across GB under relatively low stress only when it is driven by other dislocations. This is taken to mean that dislocation pile-up must be built up in front of this kind of GB, if this GB may take effect on the process of plastic deformation.

界面对复合材料静态及弯曲力学性能影响的分子动力学模拟

选用Ag,Ni两块理想金属，用分子动力学模拟方法研究了以下两种情况下的弯曲过程，进而分析界面对复合材料力学性能的影响：(1)二者在相距足够远以至于两类原子间无相互作用，不形成界面；(2)二者迭放一起取向形成界面。通过模拟这两种情况下的静态弛豫和动态弯曲过程，比较了它们的异同之处。结果表明，界面的存在对复合材料的力学性能影响很大，有时甚至起控制作用。