Destruction of Chemical Agents in a Plasma Reactor with Working Gas of Hydrogen

滇金丝猴的随机扩增多态DNA与遗传多样性分析

对6只笼养滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)及遗传多样性分析.用45个10bp随机短引物对每只滇金丝猴的基因组DNA进行了扩增,平均每个个体观察到的RAPD标记约为130个左右,单个引物获得的标记在1～7个之间.80%的RAPD标记表现为无多态的单型性.个体间的遗传距离为0.052,表明笼养滇金丝猴群体的遗传多样性很低.此研究结果与在蛋白多态研究中得到的一致.贫乏的遗传多样性一方面使目前处于濒危境地的滇金丝猴生存情况更加危险,同时其本身也可能是造成目前滇金丝猴濒危的原因之一.另外,通过成对的遗传距离分析,构建了这一群滇金丝猴的谱系关系图,提出了让遗传距离较远的个体间进行交配的笼养繁育计划.

Bacillus pallidus sp nov., isolated from forest soil

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain CW 7(T), was isolated from forest soil in Anhui Province, south-east China. Cells were strictly aerobic, motile with peritrichous flagella and rod-shaped. The strain grew optimally at 30-37 degrees C and pH 7.0-8.0. The major fatty acids of strain CW 7(T) were anteiso-C-15:0, iso-C-15:0 and anteiso-C-17:0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 42.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain CW 7(T) belonged to a monophyletic cluster within the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of less than 96.5% to recognized species of the genus Bacillus. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic study, including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, showed that strain CW 7(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus pallidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CW 7(T) (=KCTC 13200(T)=CCTCC AB 207188(T)=LMG 24451(T)).

An Overview of Literature on Primates in China

把1870-2001年来自美国"现代灵长类文献题录数据库"、"维普中文数据库"及"中国灵长类研究文献题录"的资料按4个时期(I:1870-1949;Ⅱ:1950-1965;Ⅲ:1966-1977;Ⅳ:1978-2001)分类整理.此外,使用了"科学引文数据库(扩展版)".结果如下:(1)1870-2001年共有20 52篇文献,2个文献数量高峰分别出现于1950-1965和1978-2001年;科研部门所发表的论文占54.2%,并随时间而增加;而国外部门则随之减少.(2)2 052篇文献中,超过9%的文献为SCI所收录,其中1966-1977年被SCI收录的文献百分比最高;在全部被SCI收录的文献中又以科研部门的占优势(59.1%);但国外部门则以其30.1%的文献被SCI收录而领先.(3)统计了灵长类研究9个领域文献百分比及其变化,其中1978-2001间生态学和行为、神经生物学、繁殖和饲养快速发展;化石灵长类、形态学和解剖学减少;分类及分布、细胞及分子进化显得不甚突出;在第Ⅱ时期和第Ⅳ时期疾病防治研究相当多;保护生物学得到越来越多的关注.第Ⅳ时期作者数量最多,但每个作者的文献平均数却不如第Ⅰ时期.一般地说,在SCI收录的作者中以中国作者居多,但在第I时期唯一被SCI收录的作者则是一名外国学者;在第Ⅲ时期外国作者占被收录作者数的60%.

Distribution of microcystins in various organs (heart, liver, intestine, gonad, brain, kidney and lung) of Wistar rat via intravenous injection

The distribution of microcystins (MCs) in various tissues of Wistar rats was studied under laboratory conditions. Rats were injected intravenously (i.v.) with extracted MCs at a dose of 80 mu g MC-LRequivalent/kg body weight. MCs concentrations in various tissues were detected at 1, 2. 4, 6, 12 and 24 h post-injection using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The highest concentration of MCs was found in kidney (0.034-0.295 mu g/g dry weight), followed by lung (0.007-0.067 mu g/g dry weight), stomach (0.010-0.058 mu g/g dry weight) and liver (0.003-0.052 mu g/g dry weight). The maximum MCs content in the whole body of rat, 2.9% of the injected dose, was observed at 2 h post-injection. MCs concentration was higher in kidney than in liver during the experiment, and two peaks of MCs concentration (at 2 and 24 h, respectively) were observed in kidney, indicating that MCs can be excreted directly via kidney of rat. Though heart, intestine, spleen, brain, gonad and stomach contained less than 0.2% of injected MCs during the whole experiment stage, the presence of MCs in these tissues represents potential damage to them. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All Fights reserved.

Genetic structure of Chinese sucker population Myxocyprinus asiaticus in the Yangtze River based on mitochondrial DNA marker

The sequencing analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtCR DNA) was performed to assess the genetic divergence and population structure of the Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Cypriniformes Catostomidae) using four sample lots from natural populations of the Yangtze River. The mtCR DNA sequences of approximately 920 base pairs were obtained. A total of 223 nucleotide positions were polymorphic, and these defined 39 haplotypes. Of the 39 haplotypes, 37 (90%) were not shared, and among the populations as a whole there was little sharing of haplotypes. The average haplotype diversity (0.958) and the average nucleotide diversity (0.052) indicated a higher level of genetic diversity of Chinese sucker through the river. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) of data revealed significant partitioning of variance (P<0.001) among populations (60.29%), and within populations (39.71%). The topology according to the neighbor joining and maximum parsimony methods showed mosaic composition of the 39 haplotypes, suggesting that the populations wore not completely divergent. The pairwise F statistic values, however, indicated that the population structuring existed to some extent among the geographic populations. There was a positive relationship between the aquatic distance and the genetic distance (Fst) among the populations (P<0.05). Based on our data, it is suggested that genetic drift, gene flow, and stochastic events are the possible factors influencing the population structure and genetic variation.

Genetic heterogeneity and ploidy level analysis among different gynogenetic clones of the polyploid gibel carp

Background: Some triploid and tetraploid clones have been identified in the gynogenetic gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch, by karyotypic and cytologic analyses over many years. Further, 5-20% males and karyotypic diversity have been found among their natural and artificial populations. However, the DNA contents and the relation to their ploidy level and chromosome numbers have not been ascertained, and whether normal meiosis occurs in spermatogenesis needs to be determined in the different clones. Methods: The sampled blood cells or sperms were mixed with blood cells from chicken or individual gibel carp and fixed in 70% pre-cooled ethanol overnight at 4degreesC. The mixed cell pellets were washed 2-3 times in 1x phosphate buffered saline and then resuspended in the solution containing 0.5% pepsin and 0.1 M HCl. DNA was stained with propidium iodide solution (40 mug/mL) containing 4 kU/ml RNase. The measurements of DNA contents were performed with Phoenix Flow Systems. Results: Triploid clones A, E, F, and P had almost equal DNA content, but triploid clone D had greater DNA content than did the other four triploid clones. DNA content of clone M (7.01 +/- 0.15 pg/nucleus) was almost equal to the DNA content of clone D (5-38 +/- 0.06 pg/nucleus) plus the DNA content of common carp sperm (1.64 +/- 0.02 pg/nucleus). The DNA contents of sperms from clones A, P, and D were half of their blood cells, suggesting that normal meiosis occurs in spermatogenesis. Conclusions: Flow cytometry is a powerful method to analyze genetic heterogeneity and ploidy level among different gynogenetic clones of polyploid gibel carp. Through this study, four questions have been answered. (a) The DNA content correlation among the five triploid clones and one multiple tetraploid clone was revealed in the gibel carp, and the contents increased with not only the ploidy level but also the chromosome number. (b) Mean DNA content was 0.052 pg in six extra chromosomes of clone D, which was higher than that of each chromosome in clones A, E, F, and P (about 0.032 pg/ chromosome). This means that the six extra chromosomes are larger chromosomes. (c) Normal meiosis occurred during spermatogenesis of the gibel carp, because DNA contents of the sperms from clones A, P, and D were almost half of that in their blood cells. (d) Multiple tetraploid clone M (7.01 +/- 0.15 pg/nucleus) contained the complete genome of clone D (5.38 +/- 0.06 pg/nucleus) and the genome of common carp sperm (1.64 +/- 0.02 pg/nucleus). Cytometry Part A 56A:46-52, 2003. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Improvement of Ge self-organized quantum dots by use of Sb surfactant

A Sb-mediated growth technique is developed to deposit Ge quantum dots (QDs) of small size, high density, and foe of dislocations. These QDs were grown at low growth temperature by molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence and absorption properties of these Ge QDs suggest an indirect-to-direct conversion, which is in good agreement with a theoretical calculation. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)00420-3].

东海区底层及近底层鱼类资源的空间异质性

运用空间自相关指数和变异函数分析东海区底层及近底层鱼类资源的空间自相关性和空间变异.其空间分布平均场的Gearyc和MoranI指数分别为038和052,各向同性随机变异占总变异的599%,表明其空间分布具有中等自相关特性,空间变异中由随机引起的变异大于由空间相关尺度过程引起的变异;各方向变异属于几何异向性.资源密度的年际变化与C、C0和C+C0均呈正相关,说明年际平均密度的增加由空间自相关变异和随机变异共同引起,随机变异略强于空间自相关变异

Determination of the impurities elements in high-purity cadmium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method for the determination of impurity elements in high purity cadmium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. The spectral interference arising from Cd was discussed and the magnitude of interference by the polyatomic ion of Cd was compared. The effect of the high concentration Cd on the analyte signal was studied. The results showed that Cd possessed both significant suppression effects on the light mass elements signal and enhancement effects on the heavy mass elements signal,and the effects can be corrected by the use of internal standard elements. In this paper, Y and Bi was employed for the light mass elements and the heavy mass elements,respectively. As, Be, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, Mn, Mo, Pb, Ni, Sr, Au, Tl, Th, V and U in high purity cadmium were determined. Detection limits are 0.005-0.052 mu g L-1,and the recoveries of standard addition are 82%-108%.

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯镉中的杂质元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯镉中的杂质元素。讨论了镉基体的谱线干扰，比较了镉基体产生的多原子离子的干扰程度，该干扰按Cdh、CdO、CdO2、CdAr、CdOH和CdOH2顺序递减。研究了不同浓度镉基体对分析物信号的抑制或增强效应，镉的浓度大于0.25·L-1时，对质量数小于100的分析物的信号强度产生抑制，而对质量数大于150的分析物的信号强度产生增强，采用89Y和209Bi作内标分别克服基体的抑制和增强效应。测定了高纯镉的As、Be、Co、Cu、Ga、Ge、Mn、Mo、Pb、Ni、Sr、Au、Tl、Th、V和U等16个杂质元素，方法的检测限0.005～0.052μｇ·L-1，标准加入回收率82%～108%。

牙鲆生长相关性状遗传力估计

遗传力是数量遗传学的重要参数，对鱼类良种选育具有重要意义。可靠的遗传力估计值可以为合理制定育种计划提供宝贵信息，同时可以预测选择反应。本文按照10×3因子设计方法，10尾雄鱼与3尾雌鱼两两授精，产生10个父系半同胞、3个母系半同胞及30个全同胞家系，以微卫星分子标记为家系鉴定手段，对40日龄牙鲆生长相关性状遗传力进行了估计；同时，初步探讨了因子交配设计及人工控制条件下，亲本对子代遗传贡献率差异及有效群体大小。主要结论包括：1.初步筛选的14个微卫星位点中，有9个（Po91、Po1、Po56、Po20、Poli23、Po89、Poli121、Po42、Po13）在亲本中呈现中、高度多态性：平均等位基因9.4个；平均亲本特异性等位基因4个。用5个位点（Po91、Po1、Po56、Po20、Poli23）为346个子代中的227个个体找到所属家系；继续用另外4个位点（Po89、Poli121、Po42、Po13）分型，成功鉴定72个个体。鉴定率约86%，其中，亲本特异性等位基因的存在使鉴定效率大大提高。以上9个位点可为该群体良种选育工作提供技术支持。2. 发生降解的DNA与完整的DNA，在相同引物、相同PCR体系、相同模板浓度下扩增的带型一致。该结果证实了微卫星分型对降解的DNA同样稳定。3. 亲本对子代的遗传贡献率存在差异。雄亲的贡献率为5.8—14.3%，除3号、9号子代数较少，5号、6号子代数较多外，其它父本基本一致；母本对子代的贡献率差异较大（18.5%—50.6%），这与人工授精前雌亲发育状况、卵子质量检测结果基本一致，在一定程度上说明，母本尤其是卵子质量对鱼类早期存活具有较大影响。4. 家系内子代数目的不平衡导致实际有效群体大小下降。Ne=7.44，比理论有效群体大小（9.23）下降约19%。但与自然交配相比（有效群体下降可达75%），人工控制下的交配在一定程度上可有效限制遗传多样性的下降。5. 基于父本方差组分，40日龄生长相关性状遗传力估计值（h2s±S.E.）为（0.157±0.052）－（0.440±0.137）。加性遗传方差在表型方差中所占的比例，在一定程度上表明该牙鲆群体生长性状具有一定的选择力度。

海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站辐射气候特征

以2000—03到2001—02的辐射观测资料，分析了海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区辐射及各分光辐射的变化特征．将为高寒草甸生态系统的物质循环、能量流动、草地生产力形成机制等问题的研究提供科学依据。结果表明：海北站区Eg、Er、UV、PAR、NIR和En具有明显的日、年变化，年内其总量分别达6278．867MJ／m^2、1515．139MJ／m^2、311．242MJ／m^2、2576．777MJ／m^2、3397．404MJ／m^2和2542．950MJ／m^2，其中在植物生长期的5—9月分别为3181．215MJ／m^2、698．021MJ／m^2、165．955MJ／m^2、1133．965MJ／m^2、1673．871MJ／m^2和1668．805MJ／m^2。年内Er、UV、PAR、NIR和Eh占Eg的比例分别为0．242、0．048、0．410、0．540和0．410，在植物生长期分别为0．219、0．052、0．413、0.528和0．527。对Eg和PAR提出了下列形式的模拟求算式．Eg=Eg0（0．089．7＋0．9768S／S0）和PAR=-3.8044＋0.4177％，模拟效果较好，可利用有关常规气象观测资料进行估算。

祁连山海北高寒草甸地区紫外辐射特征及其对植物生理作用的探讨

利用祁连山海北高寒草甸地区2000年植物生长期内的太阳辐射观测资料，分析了该地区太阳紫外辐射(UV)在植物生长期内的日、季节变化特征，以及在太阳总辐射(E_g)中所占的比例(η)。结果表明：海北站地区UV较强，瞬时极大值可达77 W·m~(-2)，日总量最大达1.8 MJ·m~(-2)以上；实际天气状况下月总量最大可达41.620 MJ·m~(-2) (5月)，植物生长期内的4月到10月总量达218.651 MJ·m~(-2)。UV有明显的日、季节变化规律。日间UV所表现的单峰式曲线变化过程，与总辐射变化有关。在晴天状况下，η的变化下午高于上午，日平均约为0.048；阴天状况下在13:00～14:00较高，早晚低，且随云层厚薄而发生显著的变化。同时表明，阴天状况下的η值(0.053)高于晴天。就生长期实际情况来看，η值在植物生长的前期较高，植物生长后期较低，植物生长期内平均约为0.052。受强UV的影响，高寒草甸几种主要植物，其植物根、茎、叶的可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、非结构性碳水化合物均较高，且表现出日出后迅速增加，植物根茎粗壮等，植物的生理适应性及其植物体的结构发生改变，致使高寒草甸植物具有明显的抗寒性功能机制和形态结构。