28 resultados para 1108

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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By the Lie symmetry group, the reduction for divergence-free vector-fields (DFVs) is studied, and the following results are found. A n-dimensional DFV can be locally reduced to a (n - 1)-dimensional DFV if it admits a one-parameter symmetry group that is spatial and divergenceless. More generally, a n-dimensional DFV admitting a r-parameter, spatial, divergenceless Abelian (commutable) symmetry group can be locally reduced to a (n - r)-dimensional DFV.

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We present a mixed entanglement distillation protocol by means of the parity measurement of qubits. Without the use of controlled-NOT (CNOT) operations, the efficiency of our protocol can approach that of the CNOT protocol. In comparison, the total successful probability of our protocol can reach a quantity twice as large as that of the linear optics-based protocol.

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我们实验室从果实表面分离获得的酵母拮抗菌已经证明能有效防治各种果实采后主要病害,为了加快生物拮抗菌的商业化应用,本文在完善拮抗菌抑病机理的基础上,重点研究了拮抗菌规模化培养条件,生物菌剂制品的稳定性,以及拮抗菌对环境胁迫的生理反应。主要研究内容包括:(1)分析酵母菌拮抗菌、病原菌与果实之间的互作效应及其影响因子;(2)筛选酵母拮抗菌规模化培养的最佳营养配方及培养条件;(3)优化酵母拮抗菌干粉与液体剂型的制备方式;(4)研究酵母拮抗菌在不同剂型中生活力下降的可能机理;(5)探讨酵母拮抗菌次生代谢产物的抑菌效果。研究结果如下: 1、单独接种Monilinia fructicola或同时接种M. fructicola和Cryptococcus laurentii均能诱导甜樱桃果实SOD、CAT和POD等抗氧化酶活性升高并加速脂质过氧化,同时伴有PPO同工酶新酶带出现。病原菌M. fructicola和Penicillum expansum在接种初期均显著促进拮抗菌C. laurentii在桃果实伤口处的生长。C. laurentii在接种24h内显著抑制桃果实LOX活性、O2•-产生与H2O2积累。单独接种病原菌能显著诱导桃果实LOX活性升高,促进O2•-产生,但抑制H2O2积累。病菌侵染后果实中 O2•-增加,以及H2O2的降低可能是桃果实对病原菌侵染的一种生理应答方式。 2、抗坏血酸钠能显著提高C. laurentii对甜樱桃果实褐腐病的防治效果,较低浓度的拮抗菌( 1×107 cells mL-1)与200mM抗坏血酸配合使用可以达到较高浓度拮抗菌(1×108 cells mL-1)单独使用对M. fructicola的防治效果。抗坏血酸钠的协同抑病机理可能是在抑制病原菌生长的同时,也抑制了果实的抗氧化酶活性,从而加速了脂质过氧化过程。 3、酵母菌产业化培养条件的筛选结果表明,不同拮抗菌对培养基中营养物质的需求不一样,培养所需的温度有差异。在120L发酵罐的中试实验表明两种拮抗菌采用筛选出的最佳培养条件均得到浓度大于1× 109 CFU mL-1的菌悬液。 4、保护剂种类是影响Rhodotorula glutinis 和 C. laurentii两种酵母拮抗菌冷冻干燥效果的最主要因素,但保护剂效果的发挥依赖于其浓度与酵母菌生长阶段。无菌水和PBS(100mM, pH5.8)可以作为拮抗菌C. laurentii液体剂型的有效保护剂,而柠檬酸钠(100mM, pH5.8)则诱导拮抗菌C. laurentii的生活力快速丧失。 5、酵母菌拮抗菌冻干制品的研究表明,在胁迫环境下酵母菌生活力快速丧失与大量产生活性氧有关,这暗示活性氧的产生可能是导致酵母菌细胞死亡的主要因素。柠檬酸钠(100mM, pH5.8)对C. laurntii死亡的诱导效应受柠檬酸根浓度和介质酸度的双重影响。活性氧在柠檬酸钠诱导酵母菌生活力快速丧失中大量产生并发挥重要作用。 6、酵母拮抗菌能够产生某些对果实采后病原真菌具有抑制效果的挥发性和不挥发性物质。同一种酵母菌产生的物质对不同病原菌有不同的拮抗效果,而不同酵母菌对同一种病原菌的拮抗效果也不完全相同。但是,不同类型的培养基对拮抗菌产生的抑菌物质有明显的影响。

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在果实采后贮藏过程中,病原真菌的侵染会引起果实腐烂,造成巨大的经济损失。利用生物和非生物因子诱导果实抗病性,已经成为采后病害防治领域的一个研究热点。本文主要利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆果实抗病相关基因,通过分子杂交和蛋白羰基化免疫检测技术,研究了外源SA和酵母拮抗菌诱导果实抗病性机理,结果表明: 1. 通过优化RNA提取方法,能从含有多糖的冬枣、葡萄、甜樱桃、桃、番茄等果实中提取到质量较好的RNA,用于RT-PCR和Northern杂交。 2. 采用RT-PCR和RACE方法,从甜樱桃果实克隆了两个抗氧化相关基因CAT2(Genbank:EF165590)和GPX(Genbank:EF165591)和两个PR基因GLU-1(Genbank:EF177487)和GLU-3(Genbank:EF177488)。其中CAT2全长cDNA序列为1479 bp,编码492个氨基酸;GPX全长cDNA序列为513 bp,编码170个氨基酸;GLU-1全长cDNA序列为1050 bp,编码349个氨基酸;GLU-3部分cDNA序列为454 bp,编码141个氨基酸。 3. 酵母拮抗菌Pichia membranaefaciens处理不同成熟度的甜樱桃果实,能显著降低果实贮藏期间青霉病(Penicillium expansum)的发生,并且对低成熟度果实的病害防治效果更为明显。酵母拮抗菌的抑病机理与减轻了甜樱桃果实蛋白羰基化程度,诱导了果实抗氧化酶基因(CAT和GPX)和PR基因(GLU-1)的表达和提高了抗氧化酶(CAT和GPX)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性有关。 4. 四种酵母拮抗菌P. membranaefaciens, Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida guilliermondii和Rhodotorula glutinis处理桃果实,可显著降低贮藏期间的褐腐病(Monilinia fructicola)。这是由于酵母拮抗菌能抑制病原菌侵染造成的氧化胁迫和蛋白羰基化。此外,酵母拮抗菌处理还能显著诱导CAT、POD、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性及相应基因的表达。 5. 水杨酸(SA,2 mM)处理采后不同成熟度的甜樱桃果实,能显著降低青霉病的危害。其抑病机理与SA处理能减轻P. expansum侵染引起的果实蛋白羰基化程度,显著提高CAT、GPX和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的表达和相关的酶的活性有关。而2 mM的SA处理对P. expansum的生长没有直接抑制作用。 6. 水杨酸(SA,2 mM)与P. membranaefaciens(1×108 CFU/ml)配合处理能显著降低低温贮藏期间桃果实的褐腐病,并能提高几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和POD的活性和相关基因的表达。另外,2 mM的SA对拮抗菌P. membranaefaciens的生长没有影响,但能够抑制病原菌M. fructicola的孢子萌发和菌丝扩展。

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介绍了生物膜及其发育形成机理,生源要素磷与底泥、悬浮颗粒、藻类及细菌之间的相互作用,生物膜中微生物对生源要素磷循环的作用及其检测方法。通过对该领域近几年最新研究成果的总结,得出生物膜尤其是细菌对元素磷迁移转化的影响起着重要作用;对今后研究重点作出展望,在考虑生物膜存在的条件下,深入研究沉积物、悬浮颗粒、藻类及细菌与磷循环的相互作用机制,将有助于弄清楚水体富营养化发生的过程及机理。

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无类囊体蓝藻Gloeobacter violaceus的细胞有厚胶质鞘包裹并形成群体,难以进行遗传操作.用注射器反复吸打的方法将胶质鞘剥落,得到大量单个细胞,通过接合转移将外源广宿主质粒pKT210转入G.violaceus.用斑点杂交方法以及对质粒进行酶切图谱分析,均证实外源质粒pKT210确已导入G.violaceus并稳定复制,未发生结构上的变化.从G.violaceus提取的pKT210可转化mcr和mrr基因缺陷的大肠杆菌DH10B却不能转化mcr+mrr+菌株DH5α,表明G.vio-lace

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AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) hetero-structures were grown on the 2-in Si (1 1 1) substrate using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Low-temperature (LT) AlN layers were inserted to relieve the tension stress during the growth of GaN epilayers. The grown AlGaN/GaN HEMT samples exhibited a maximum crack-free area of 8 mm x 5 mm, XRD GaN (0 0 0 2) full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 661 arcsec and surface roughness of 0.377 nm. The device with a gate length of 1.4 mu m and a gate width of 60 mu m demonstrated maximum drain current density of 304 mA/mm, transconductance of 124 mS/mm and reverse gate leakage current of 0.76 mu A/mm at the gate voltage of -10 V. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Some integrated optics devices can be made based on the interdigital electro-optic Bragg diffraction grating. The point-matching method is extended to the analysis of interdigital electro-optic Bragg diffraction gratings. This method provides a simple and fast analytic expression of the electric field in the structure. The field distributions are used to calculate the optical and electrical characteristic parameters of the gratings. The effects of finite conductor thickness have been taken into account in the analysis. It is shown that the simulation results agree well with the measured data.

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The numerical simulation of flows past flapping foils at moderate Reynolds numbers presents two challenges to computational fluid dynamics: turbulent flows and moving boundaries. The direct forcing immersed boundary (IB) method has been developed to simulate laminar flows. However, its performance in simulating turbulent flows and transitional flows with moving boundaries has not been fully evaluated. In the present work, we use the IB method to simulate fully developed turbulent channel flows and transitional flows past a stationary/plunging SD7003 airfoil. To suppress the non-physical force oscillations in the plunging case, we use the smoothed discrete delta function for interpolation in the IB method. The results of the present work demonstrate that the IB method can be used to simulate turbulent flows and transitional flows with moving boundaries.

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本文通过对目前锂离子电池市场及锂离子电池隔膜制备现状的研究,提出采用重离子辐照技术制备锂离子电池隔膜的新方法。拓展了重离子辐照技术的应用,为锂离子电池隔膜的国产化另辟蹊径。实验中,用能量25 MeV/u 的Kr86及11.4 MeV/u的197Au离子,以1×108 cm-2-5×109 cm-2剂量辐照聚丙烯薄膜,通过电导测量法监测蚀刻液的参数,包括温度、硫酸浓度、重铬酸钾浓度对径迹蚀刻速率的影响,得到适合的蚀刻条件;并用场发射扫描电镜对孔的形状及孔径大小进行表征;成功制备出孔径均匀、具有密度和大小可控的重离子径迹聚丙烯孔膜;对孔洞锥角的形成进行分析,给出锥角的计算公式,为利用重离子辐照技术制备锂离子电池隔膜提供了实验数据