尺度变换的正确率分析

采用优势规则和随机规则为基础的尺度分析方法 ,对分类的 TM数据 (景观类型图 ,包含 8类型 )进行了尺度变换分析。随着尺度的增加 ,优势规则分析方法使景观中优势景观类型的面积增加 ,相反 ,面积较小的非优势景观类型的面积减少。随机规则使各景观类型的面积基本上保持不变。随着尺度的增加 ,随机 K appa指数、位置 Kappa指数和标准 Kappa指数减少。在优势规则分析法中数量 Kappa指数减少 ,但在随机规则为基础的处理中它保持 10 0 %。优势规则处理中的正确率大于随机规则处理的。由景观类型的面积百分比引起的数量正确率在优势规则处理中增加 ,但在随机规则处理中保持 9.6 4 %不变 ;相反数量错误在优势规则处理中明显增加 ,但在随机规则处理中少量增加。偶然正确率保持 12 .5 0 %不变。位置正确率减少 ,相反位置错误明显增加。层和亚层水平上的位置正确率和错误的变化不明显 ,而网格水平上的位置正确率和错误大幅度减少。网格水平上的位置正确率和错误率决定了整个位置正确率和错误率 ,同时位置正确率和错误率基本上决定了整个正确率和错误率。标准Kappa指数大于等于 70 %作为选择依据 ,认为 2 10 m是优势规则处理法的尺度阈值 ,15 0 m是随机规则处理法的尺度阈值 ,欲提高尺度阈值 ,必须改变研究范围或

High-efficiency diffraction gratings in fused silica at the wavelength of 632.8 nm

We describe high-efficiency diffraction gratings fabricated in fused silica at the wavelength of 632.8 nm by rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). High-density holographic gratings, if the groove density falls within the range of 1575-1630 lines/mm and the groove depth within the range of 1.1-1.3 microns, can realize high diffraction efficiencies at the wavelength of 632.8 nm, e.g., the first Bragg diffraction efficiency can theoretically achieve more than 93% both in TE- and TM-polarized incidences, which greatly reduces the polarization-dependent losses. Note that with different groove profiles further optimized, the maximum efficiency of more than 99.69% can be achieved for TM-polarized incidence, or 97.81% for TE-polarized incidence.

卤化铅调整Tm^3＋／Yb^3＋共掺碲酸盐玻璃上转换发光研究

研究了卤化铅调整Tm^3+／Yb^3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃的热稳定性能、Raman光谱和上转换发光光谱，分析了Tm^3+／Yb^3+共掺氧卤碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光机理．结果发现：混合卤化铅调整Tm^3+／Yb^3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃具有好的热稳定性能、低的声子能量、强的上转换蓝光．这表明混合卤化铅调整Tm^3+／Yb^3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃是一种上转换蓝光激光器的潜在基质材料．

980 nm 抽运下Yb-Tm-Ho 三掺氟磷酸盐玻璃的2 μm 荧光性质

The thermal stability, 2 μm fluorescence properties and energy transfer mechanism in Ho³⁺ doped fluorophosphate glass sensitized by Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ were investigated. The characteristic temperatures, absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of the glass sample were measured. ΔT calculated from the characteristic temperatures shows that the thermal stability of fluorophosphate glass is better than fluoride glass. According to the absorption spectrum, several spectroscopic parameters of the glass sample, such as Judd-Ofelt parameters and spontaneous transition probability were calculated and compared with other glass hosts. The largest spontaneous transition probability for Ho³⁺:⁵ I7&rarr⁵I8 transition in fluorophosphate glass which is 78.48 s^-1 indicates that fluorophosphate glass is an appropriate base glass to achieve 2 m fluorescence. From the fluorescence spectrum of the glass sample, the extremely strong 2.0 μm fluorescence intensity is observed, which is higher than the intensity of 1.8 μm fluorescence, showing that Ho³⁺ ions sensitized by Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ is efficient. Meanwhile, the absorption sections and emission sections of Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ were calculated and the pumping scheme and energy transfer mechanism among Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ are discussed. The study indicates that Yb-Tm-Ho tri-doped fluorophosphate glass is a significant sensitization glass system under 980 nm excitation for 2 μm applications.

Efficient diode-pumped Tm : YALO(3) laser with a pump recycling scheme

By using a pump recycling configuration, the maximum power of 8.1 W in the wavelength range 1.935-1.938 mu m is generated by a 5-mm long Tm:YAlO3 (4 at. %) laser operating at 18 degrees C with a pump power of 24 W. The highest slope efficiency of 42% is attained, and the pump quantum efficiency is up to 100%. The Tm:YAlO3 laser is employed as a pumping source of singly-doped Ho(l%):GdVO4 laser operating at room temperature, in which continuous wave output power of greater than 0.2 W at 2.05 mu m is achieved with a slope efficiency of 9%.

Judd-Ofelt analysis of spectra and experimental evaluation of laser performance of Tm3+ doped Lu2SiO5 crystal

This paper reports that the TM3+:Lu2SiO5 (Tm:LSO) crystal is grown by Czochralski technique. The room-temperature absorption spectra of Tm:LSO crystal are measured on a b-cut sample with 4 at.% thulium. According to the obtained Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Omega(2)=9.3155 x 10(-20) cm(2), Omega(4)=8.4103 x 10(-20) cm(2), Omega(6)=1.5908 x 10(-20) cm(2), the fluorescence lifetime is calculated to be 2.03 ms for F-3(4) -> H-3(6) transition, and the integrated emission cross section is 5.81 x 10(-18) cm(2). Room-temperature laser action near 2 mu m under diode pumping is experimentally evaluated in Tm:LSO. An optical-optical conversion efficiency of 9.1% and a slope efficiency of 16.2% are obtained with continuous-wave maximum output power of 0.67 W. The emission wavelengths of Tm:LSO laser are centred around 2.06 mu m with spectral bandwidth of similar to 13.6 nm.

Tm:Y_2SiO_5晶体的生长和光谱性质研究

采用中频感应提拉法生长了高质量的Tm:Y2SiO5(Tm:YSO)晶体,测定了晶体的晶格常数和分凝系数.运用劳厄照相法确定了单斜晶系Tm:YSO晶体的三个偏振轴〈010〉,D1和D2,在室温下测量了三个偏振轴方向的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命,计算了晶体吸收峰的吸收线宽和吸收截面.研究发现,相对于其他两个偏振轴方向,D1方向在790 nm处出现较强的吸收峰,同时在2μm附近出现了一定强度的发射峰,D1方向的吸收截面较大,荧光寿命较长.Tm:YSO晶体适用于AlGaAs二极管抽运固体激光器,在2μm波段固体激光器的应用上将有很大的发展潜力.

利用窄得-奥菲特理论研究Tm:Lu_2SiO_5晶体的光谱特性

采用丘克拉斯基(Czochralski)技术生长了掺铥硅酸镥(Tm∶Lu2SiO5,Tm∶LSO)晶体;测量了LSO晶体在室温下的非偏振吸收光谱和非偏振荧光光谱;利用窄得-奥菲特(Judd-Ofelt)理论计算了Tm∶LSO晶体的窄得-奥菲特强度参数、振子强度、自发辐射概率、辐射寿命、积分吸收截面和积分发射截面.Tm∶LSO晶体的强度参数为Ω2=9.1355×10-20cm2,Ω4=8.4103×10-20cm2,Ω6=1.5908×10-20cm2;Tm∶LSO晶体在1.9μm附近有明显的发射峰(3F4→3H6跃迁),相应的辐射寿命为2.03 ms,积分发射截面为5.81×10-18cm2,半峰全宽(FWHM)为250 nm.用Tm∶LSO晶体在77 K温度下实现了激光运转.利用792 nm的激光二极管(LD)作为抽运源,获得中心波长为1960 nm的激光输出,抽运阈值为2.13 kW/cm2.

Judd-Oflet analysis of spectrum and laser performance of Ho:YAP crystal end-pumped by 1.91-mu m Tm:YLF laser

The Ho:YAP crystal is grown by the Czochralski technique. The room-temperature polarized absorption spectra of Ho:YAP crystal was measured on a c-cut sample with 1 at% holmium. According to the obtained Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Omega(2) = 1.42 x 10(-20) cm(2), Omega(4) = 2.92 x 10(-20) cm(2), and Omega(6) = 1.71 x 10(-20) cm(2), this paper calculated the fluorescence lifetime to be 6 ms for I-5(7) -> I-5(8) transition, and the integrated emission cross section to be 2.24 x 10(-18) cm(2). It investigates the room-temperature Ho:YAP laser end-pumped by a 1.91-mu m Tm:YLF laser. The maximum output power was 4.1 W when the incident 1.91-mu m pump power was 14.4W. The slope efficiency is 40.8%, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 28.4%. The Ho:YAP output wavelength was centred at 2118 nm with full width at half maximum of about 0.8 nm.

基于TM影像的黑土区表层土壤有机碳空间格局研究

土壤有机碳是陆地生态系统的一个动态组成部分，其储量、分布及其转化在陆地碳循环中起着重要的作用，是土壤肥力的核心指标之一。土壤有机碳含量的多少及其空间分布特性受气候、母质、地形等结构性因子以及施肥、耕作等随机性因子的影响。作为陆地生态系统中的一个区域化随机变量，土壤有机碳在系统内部垂直和水平方向上发生变化的同时，参与大气圈和生物圈这两个碳库之间的循环。为了揭示土壤有机碳的空间分布特性，传统统计学、地统计学、遥感与地理信息系统等方法被相继引入且逐渐走向成熟，其中，利用遥感与地理信息系统相结合的方法来反演土壤有机碳库储量及其空间分布格局为越来越多的专家学者所重视。本文在对不同方法基本理论进行简单阐述的基础上，对利用Landsat TM影像分析表层土壤有机碳格局的可行性进行了分析，并就遥感技术在反演表层土壤有机碳的空间分布格局中的应用前景进行了展望。 以黑龙江省部分黑土地区为研究对象，在不同时空尺度下分析了表层土壤有机碳与Landsat TM影像的TM1－TM5、TM7六个波段以及由其计算出的NDVI、NDTI、NDI5、NDI7、NDSVI、SAVI、RDVI和MSAVI 8个遥感指数之间的相关性。结果表明当Landsat TM影像的成像时间为2002年9月份时：(1)小尺度下表层土壤有机碳与TM1极显著相关(r=0.32, p<0.01)，与TM2、TM3和NDSVI显著相关(p<0.05)，相关系数分别为r=0.27，r=-0.29，r=0.26。(2)大尺度下，表层土壤有机碳与TM1、TM2、TM5和NDI5存在极显著的正相关(p<0.01)，相关系数分别为r=0.30，r=0.34，r=0.35，r=0.32；而与NDI7之间存在显著相关性(r=0.27, p=0.02)。(3)当空间尺度一定时，在不同的时间尺度下与表层土壤有机碳具有显著相关性的遥感指标不同。(4)在大尺度下利用遥感技术测定法得到的回归模型对表层土壤有机碳空间分布格局具有较好的预测效果(R2=0.7097, p<0.05)；(5)在大尺度下海拔高于200 m的地区表层土壤有机碳浓度显著高于海拔低于200 m的地区(p<0.05)。 通过分别利用地统计方法和遥感技术测定法分析海伦市表层土壤有机碳的空间分布格局，以步长为6170m时球状模型对表层土壤有机碳进行了拟合并利用Kriging插值方法得到了海伦市表层土壤有机碳分布格局；将这一结果与我们利用Landsat TM影像通过遥感技术测定方法得到表层土壤有机碳空间格局进行比较发现：在精度一致的前提下，遥感技术测定法在所需样本数量约为地统计方法的一半，同时在所消耗的人力、物力以及在时间上的循环周期等方面，遥感技术测定方法与地统计方法相比也有着明显的优势。

Analysis of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by capillary electrophoresis and solid-phase extraction

Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (80HdG) has been considered as an excellent marker of individuals at high risk of developing cancer. Until now, urinary 80HdG has largely been measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A new method for the analysis of urinary 80HdG by high-performance capillary electrophoresis has been developed and optimized in our laboratory. A single step solid-phase extraction procedure was optimized and used for extracting 80HdG from human urine. Separations were performed in an uncoated silica capillary (50 cm x 50 tm i.d.) using a P/ACE MDQ system with UV detection. The separation of 80HdG from interfering urinary matrix components is optimized with regard to pH, applied voltage, pressure injection time and concentration of SDS in running buffer. The detection limit of this method is 0.4 mug/ml, the linear range is 0.8-500 mug/ml, the correlation coefficients levels is better than 0.999. The developed method is simple, fast and good reproducibility, furthermore, it requires a very small injection volumes and low costs of analysis, which makes it possible to provide a new noninvasive assay for an indirect measurement of oxidative DNA damage.

8阶群速度控制格式及其应用

构造了8阶精度的群速度控制型差分格式.根据激波捕捉能力及对小尺度分辨能力对格式系数进行了优化.采用该格式对可压缩均匀各向同性湍流进行了直接数值模拟,所计算的最大湍流马赫数达到0.95.相同计算条件下的结果与他人结果吻合较好,说明了格式在捕捉激波的同时对湍流小尺度有较好的分辨能力.

蛋白质吸附和竞争吸附对ROS 17/2.8细胞粘附和生长的影响

细胞在材料表面的粘附是贴壁依赖型细胞生长的前提.本文以胶原和牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模型蛋白,研究了两者的吸附和竞争吸附对细胞粘附和生长的影响.

1989年3月和8月太阳大事件的日地系统整体行为研究

<正> 1989年3月日面出现了近四十年来最大的黑子群,发生了剧烈的太阳活动,产生了重大的地球物理效应。对这些事件的联测取得了大量日地物理的资料。为了推动进一步的分析和研究,中国科学院第22周太阳活动峰年日地系统整体行为研究专家组于1990年4月23日至26日在北京召开了“1989年3月和8月重大日地事件观测与分析研