Experimental study on K alpha X-ray emission from intense femtosecond laser-solid interactions

The characteristics of K alpha X-ray sources generated by p-polarized femtosecond laser-solid interactions are experimentally studied in the relativistic regime. By use of knife-edge image technique and a single-photon-counting X-ray CCD camera, we obtaine the source size, the spectrum and the conversion efficiency of the Ka X-ray sources. The experimental results show that the conversion efficiency of Ka photons reaches an optimum value of 7.08 x 10(-6)/sr at the laser intensity of 1.6 x 10(18) W/cm(2), which is different from the Reich's simulation results (Reich et al., 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4846). We find that about 10% of laser energy is converted into the forward hot electrons at the laser intensity of 1.6 x 10(18) W/cm(2).

La-Ba-Cu-Sn-O钙钛矿型多元复合氧化物的制备、组成、结构、电学性质和气敏性质的研究

本文合成了LaBa_2Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(6.5) + x (x = 0.2; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0; 1.2; 1.5; 1.7; 2.0; 2.2; 2.5; 2.7; 3.0)系列，2aBaCu_(2-x)Sn_xO_(4.5) + x (x = 0; 0.2; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0; 1.2; 1.5; 1.7; 2.0)系列和La_3Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(7.5) + x (x = 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.2; 2.5; 2.7)系列等二十八个新复合氧化物。这三个系列二十八个新复合氧化物直至目前为止，文献上未见过报道。我们通过x-ray粉末衍射图分析了它们的结构，肯定了它们是新的单一化合物，计算了它们的晶胞参数并确定它们的所属晶系。元素化学分析表明，所有这些化合物均可用原始计算配比化学式表示。干湿两种合成方法所合成的结构相同。对于这三个系列二十八个瓣复合氧化物，我们选用LaBa_2-Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(6.5) = x (x = 0.5;1.0;1.5;2.0;2.5),LaBaCu_(2-x)Sn_xO_(4.5) = x(x = 0.5; 1.0; 1.5;2.0), La_3Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(7.5) + x (x = 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5)等十四个化合物，对它们的低温，高温和高湿下的电阻率和导电类型进行了测试，绘得了它们的电阻率和温度的关系曲线。在一定温度下，一个系列内的化合物电阻率随锡的分子含量增加而增大。La_3Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(7.5) = x系统人物的电阻率明显大于其它二个系列相应化合物的电阻率。所有化合物在液氮至室温温区内，基本上呈半导体导电类型。在高温以上温区，当温度升至一定温度时之前，化合物呈本导体导电类型达到一定温度之后，当金属导电类型所有新复合氧化物在高温均属P型半导体。本文还研究了这三个系列化合物和将它们掺入二氧化锡中的气敏性能。结果表明：所有这类化合物和将它们掺入二氧化锡中作为添加剂做成的气敏材料，除LaBa_2Cu_(1.5)Sn_(1.5)O_8掺入SnO_2做成的气敏材料外，在本文实验条件下做成的气敏元件对氧化性和还原性气体均无或只有很差的气敏性。LaBa_2Cu_(1.5)Sn_(1.5)O_8作为添加剂掺入SnO_2中(摩尔比0.2:0.8; 0.1:0.9)所制得的气敏文件对高浓度(1%-10%)的一氧化碳，液化气和煤气具有很好的气敏线性响应，当加热电流为300mA时，酒精，汽油和石油醚等还原性气体基本上无干扰。实验表明当摩尔比为0.1:0.9时，材料的气敏性能最佳，但重现性较差，当摩尔比为0.2:0.8时，气敏性稍低，但重现性较好。本文还合成了La_xBa_(1-x)SnO_3(x = 0; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15, 0.20)系列化合物，并确定了它们的结构和所属晶系。从结构上分析我们认该系列化合物相互之间为置换固溶体。其晶胞参数随镧的加入量增加而减小。该系列均属几型半导体材料。我们利用该系列材料进行了过敏性研究。结果表明。由La_(0.1)Ba_(0.9)SnO_3制得的高热式气敏器件对低浓度酒精(<1000 ppm)有很好的气敏线性响应。在加热电流为250 mA时，基本上排除了煤气，一氧化碳，液化气和汽油等可燃性气体的干扰。但香烟烟雾对器件检测酒精有一定的影响。La_(0.1)Ba_(0.9)SnO_3气敏材料多添加1%而制得的器件，机械强度达到很好的效果，器件对酒精的灵敏度有降低，而响应浓度区间宽度增加近一倍，选择性几乎不变。该材料具有较好的实验重现性。该系列的其它化合物在本实验条件下所制得的器件对可燃性气体的敏感性较差。

杂质元素Si、Ca对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导性的影响

通过对含有 Si,Ca 等非稀土杂质的 YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)氧化物超导体的 J_c,T_c测量、X 射线粉末衍射和扫描电镜等微结构分析、热重分析和热机械分析铜价态和氧含量的化学分析以及材料稳定性的测试等,发现杂质 Ca 有利于提高材料的 J_c,增强其结构质点间的怍用力,降低材料在空气中的失氧量,提高稳定性;杂质Si 的作用则与 Ca 的作用相反。

Y_(1-x)Ca_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)超导材料的研究

研究了Y_(1-x)Ca_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)系超导材料,当x≤0.15时,钙离子部分置换了123相中钇离子而形成固溶体,导致正交相晶胞参数稍微增大。钙含量增加,三价铜的含量上升,T_c却下降。由于钙离子取代钇离子后主要影响邻近的Cu(2)-O层的性质,这说明Cu(2)-O层的性质对超导电性起了很重要的作用。

Ba_2Pr_xLn_(1-x)Cu_3O_(7-δ)(Ln=Y,Nb,Yb,0≤X≤1)体系中Cu-O链及Cu-O层对超导作用的探讨

本文合成了 Ba_2P_(rx)Ln_(1-x)Cu_3O_(7-δ)系列化合物,测量了它们的超导电性(Tc),当 x=0.1,T_c(L_n=Y)=78.5K,T_c(Yd)=88K、T_c(Nd)<77K。晶胞参数及正交畸变与组成的变化图表明稀土元素的离子半径影响显著,讨论了 Ba_2LnCu_3O(7-δ)体系中 Cu-O 链、Cu-O 层及 Cu~(3+)对超导电性的作用,当 Ln 的价态界于三、四价之间时(如Pr),四价的成份越多,Cu~(3+)的量就越少,虽然正交畸变很大,但 T_c 降低。

Effect of alkaline-earth metal composition on spectroscopic properties of Er3+ in fluorophosphate glasses

Optical spectroscopic properties of Er3+-doped alkaline-earth metal modified fluoropho sphate glasses have been investigated experimentally for developing broadband fiber and planar amplifiers. The results show a strong correlation between the alkaline-earth metal content and the spectroscopic parameters such as absorption and emission cross sections, full widths at half-maximum and Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. It is found that strontium ions could have more influences on the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and the absorption and emission cross sections than other alkaline-earth metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+. The sample containing 23 mol% strontium fluoride exhibits the maximum emission cross section of 7.58 x 10(-21) cm(2), the broadest full width at half-maximum of 65 nm and the longer lifetime of 8.6 ms among the alkaline-earth metal modified fluorophosphates glasses studied. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameter Omega(6)s, the emission cross sections and the full widths at half-maximum in the Er3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses studied are larger than in the silicate and phosphate glasses.

Age structure, growth and mortality estimates of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan, 1905) (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in the Lhasa River, Tibet

Ptychobarbus dipogon is an endemic fish in the Yarlung Tsangpo River, but its biology is poorly known. We sampled 582 specimens (total length, TL, between 70.6 and 593.0 mm) from April 2004 to August 2006 in the Lhasa River, Tibet. We estimated ages based on the counts of alternating opaque and translucent zones (annuli) in thin transverse sections of lapilli otoliths. Ages ranged from 1(+) to 23(+) years for males and 1(+) to 44(+) for females. The observed 44(+) years was the oldest reported for schizothoracine fishes. Females attained a larger size than males. The TL weight relationship was W=7.12 x 10(-6)TL(3.006) for combined sexes. The growth parameters fitted von Bertalanffy growth functions were L-infinity = 598.66 mm, k=0.0898 year(-1), t(0)=-0.7261 year and W-infinity = 1585.38 g for females and L-infinity = 494.23mm, k=0.1197 year(-1), t(0)=-0.7296 year and W-infinity = 904.88g for males. The longevities of 32.7 year for females and 24.3 year for males were similar to the observed ages. Using an empirical model we estimated the instantaneous rate of total mortality (Z) at 0.28 per year in the lower reaches. Z in the upper and middle stocks was close to the M because of unexploited or lightly exploited stock. Protracted longevity, slow growth, low natural mortality and large body size were typical characteristics of P. dipogon. The current declining trend of P. dipogon could be prevented by altering fishing regulations.

Redescription of Myxobolus pyramidis chen, 1958 (Myxosporea : Bivalvulida)

Redescription of Myxobolus pyramidis Chen, 1958, from gill lamellae of allogynogenetic gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), is presented in this paper to complete Chen's description. The diagnostic characters of the myxosporidia are: ovoid round, greyish-white polysporous plasmodia, averaging (159 +/- 21)x(72 +/- 6.5) mu m in size; spore pyriform in front view with smooth surface and symmetrical valves, convex-shaped in sutural view with straight and thick sutural line, averaging (10.5 +/- 1.1)x(10.3 +/- 0.9)x(6.1 +/- 0.2) mu m in size; two equal pyriform polar capsules averaging (5.5 +/- 0.7)x(3.5 +/- 0.2) mu m in size with distinct intercapsular process and polar filament wounded in five to six coils. The histological effects of the pathogen were observed by light microscopy, and the parasite-host relationship was discussed.

超晶格结构的X射线衍射运动学理论模拟计算

Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

Comment on

In a recent letter, Hsieh reported the growth of high-quality Ge epilayers with a SiGe buffer thickness of only 0.45 mu m, a surface root-mean-square roughness of less than 0.4 nm, and a threading dislocation of 7.6 x 10(6) cm(-2) on Si+ pre-ion-implantation Si substrate utilizing of strain relaxation enhancement by point defects and interface blocking of the dislocations. Our comment has focused on x-ray diffraction data shown in Fig. 3 of Ref. 1. We demonstrate that the strain in Ge epilayers is tensile, rather than compressive as misunderstood by the authors. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3003873]

Study on the hydrolysis/precipitation behavior of Keggin Al-13 and Al-30 polymers in polyaluminum solutions

The hydrolysis/precipitation behaviors of Al3+, Al-13 and Al-30 under conditions typical for flocculation in water treatment were investigated by studying the particulates' size development, charge characteristics, chemical species and speciation transformation of coagulant hydrolysis precipitates. The optimal pH conditions for hydrolysis precipitates formation for AlCl3, PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) were 6.5-7.5, 8.5-9.5, and 7.5-9.5, respectively. The precipitates' formation rate increased with the increase in dosage, and the relative rates were AlCl3 >> PAC(A130) > PACA113. The precipitates' size increased when the dosage increased from 50 mu M to 200 mu M, but it decreased when the dosage increased to 800 AM. The Zeta potential of coagulant hydrolysis precipitates decreased with the increase in pH for the three coagulants. The isoelectric points of the freshly formed precipitates for AlCl3, PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) were 7.3, 9.6 and 9.2, respectively. The Zeta potentials of AlCl3 hydrolysis precipitates were lower than those of PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) when pH > 5.0. The Zeta potential of PAC(A130) hydrolysis precipitates was higher than that of PACA113 at the acidic side, but lower at the alkaline side. The dosage had no obvious effect on the Zeta potential of hydrolysis precipitates under fixed pH conditions. The increase in Zeta potential with the increase in dosage under uncontrolled pH conditions was due to the pH depression caused by coagulant addition. Al-Ferron research indicated that the hydrolysis precipitates of AlCl3 were composed of amorphous AI(OH)3 precipitates, but those of PACA113 and PACA130 were composed of aggregates of Al-13 and Al-30, respectively. Al3+ was the most un-stable species in coagulants, and its hydrolysis was remarkably influenced by solution pH. Al-13 and Al-30 species were very stable, and solution pH and aging had little effect on the chemical species of their hydrolysis products. The research method involving coagulant hydrolysis precipitates based on Al-Ferron reaction kinetics was studied in detail. The Al species classification based on complex reaction kinetic of hydrolysis precipitates and Ferron reagent was different from that measured in a conventional coagulant assay using the Al--Ferron method. The chemical composition of Al-a, Al-b and Al-c depended on coagulant and solution pH. The Al-b measured in the current case was different from Keggin Al-13, and the high Alb content in the AlCl3 hydrolysis precipitates could not used as testimony that most of the Al3+ Was converted to highly charged Al-13 species during AlCl3 coagulation.

研究半导体超晶格界面粗糙的X射线双晶Pendellosung方法

运用高精度X射线双晶衍射仪对GeSe/Si应变超晶格进行了分析研究,实验上观测到在卫星峰之间存在着干涉条纹(Pendellosung)。建立了界面的随机概率模型,结合计算机模拟发现: Pendellosung条纹对界面的粗糙十分敏感,当界面粗糙度较小时,只影响Pendellosung条纹的规则排列,而当粗糙度较大时,不仅使Pendellosung条纹强度下降,规则排列受到破坏,并且还将导致高级卫星峰强度下降,峰形严重宽化。

Ar~(16+)与Zr作用产生的X射线谱

本工作对超导离子源(SECRAL)上的10~20 kV/q Ar16+和Ar17+入射到金属Zr表面进行实验研究。实验结果表明,高电荷态Ar16+在金属表面存在着多电子激发过程。Ar空心原子的K层发射X射线强度随入射离子的动能减少,靶原子Zr的L壳层发射X射线强度随入射离子动能的增加而增强。Ar17+单离子的K-αX射线产额比Ar16+单离子的K-αX射线产额大5个数量级。

Experimental study of the beta-delayed neutron decay of N-21

The first spectroscopic study for the beta decay of N-21 is carried out based on beta-n, beta-gamma, and beta-n-gamma coincidence measurements. The neutron-rich N-21 nuclei are produced by the fragmentation of the E/A=68.8 MeV Mg-26 primary beam on a thick Be-9 target and are implanted into a thin plastic scintillator that also plays the role of beta detector. The time of flight of the emitted neutrons following the beta decay are measured by the surrounding neutron sphere and neutron wall arrays. In addition, four clover germanium detectors are used to detect the beta-delayed gamma rays. Thirteen new beta-delayed neutron groups are observed with a total branching ratio of 90.5 +/- 4.2%. The half-life for the beta decay of N-21 is determined to be 82.9 +/- 7.5 ms. The level scheme of O-21 is deduced up to about 9 MeV excitation energy. The experimental results for the beta decay of N-21 are compared to the shell-model calculations.