147 resultados para 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID 2,4-D
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earth (Eu3+, Dy3+)-heteropolytungstate thin films were fabricated by self-assembly method successfully. The thin films give off strong fluorescence, which can be observed by eyes upon UV irradiation. The characteristic emission behaviors of the rare earth ions in self-assembled thin film were investigated compared with those of the corresponding solids. It is noticed that the intensity ratio between D-5(0) --> F-7(2) and D-5(0) --> F-7(1) of Eu3+ and the intensity ratio between F-4(9/2) --> H-6(13/2) and F-4(9/2) --> H-6(15/2) of Dy3+ in the self-assembled films are different from those of the corresponding solids. Furthermore, the self-assembled films present shorter fluorescence lifetimes than the corresponding solids. The reasons for these results have been discussed.
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The anion of MeO2CCH2CH2SnCl4 - was obtained by decomposing the yellow solution of MeO2CCH2CH2SnCl3.(2-OHC6H4CH=NC6H5) by standing for 15 days, which is the product of 3-methoxy-carbonylethyltin trichlorides with Schiff base (2-OHC6H4CH=NC6H5). The title compound was characterized by elemental analysis, IR. H-1 NMR,C-13 NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal of the title compound belongs to orthorhombic system, space group P2cn, a=7.852(2), b=12.236(1),c=16.952(4)Adegrees, V=1628.7 Angstrom(3), Z=4, D-c=1.79g/cm(3) F(000)=860, mu=22.2cm(-1), R=0.0449, Rw=0.0382. The title compound exists as a discrete molecule, and the tin atom attains a distorted octahedral geometry via the coordination of intramolecular carbonyl oxygen and chloride ion. The coordination number of tin atom is 6.
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目的:研究蒺藜(Tribulus terrestris L.)中生物活性物质。方法:用硅胶柱色谱、HPLC进行分离,根据光谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:分离纯化得到两种呋甾皂苷,确定其结构为26-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(25R,S)-5α-呋甾-12-羰基-20(22)-烯基-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D吡喃葡糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(I);26-O-β-D吡喃葡糖基-(25R)-5α-呋甾-12-羰基-3β,22α,26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅱ)。结论:I,Ⅱ均为新化合物
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近二十多年来,在异成二烯的络合催化聚合中,由Ni、Co、Ti及稀土等过渡金属元素络合物组成的催化体系,研究报道得很多,有些已投入工业生产。但由最常见的过渡金属元素铁络合物组成的催化体系,对异成二烯聚的聚合却不多见。本工作研究了三乙酰基丙酮铁为主催化剂,烷基铝为助催化剂,添加含氮类给电子试剂组成三元体系,对异成二烯聚合的催化作用。Fe(a cac)_3 - Al(i-Bu)_3二元体系不能引起异成二烯聚合,而加入少量的含氮类给电子试剂如邻菲啰啉、α,α'-联吡啶等,催化活性显著提高。聚合活性与含氮类给电子试剂的性质有关,并随着下列顺序依次递减:邻菲啰啉、α,α'-联吡啶、对苯二胺、邻苯二胺,对硝基苯胺、邻硝基苯胺;吡啶和已二胺对催化活性的提高几乎没有贡献。烷基铝的不同对催化活性也有明显的影响。其活性顺序为:Al(i-Bu)_3 approx Al Eτ_3 > Al(i-Bu)_2H。首次合成了结晶的3,4-聚异成二烯,3,4-链节含量为70%左右时,Tm为121 ℃左右, Tc为65 ℃左右,透射电镜下观察到结晶的3,4-聚异成二烯具有球晶状结构。初步研究了铁系三元催化体系的反应机理,设想铁化合物和烷基铝生成的烷基铁必须与含氮类给电子试剂作用才能形成活性中心;可见光谱和催化活性实验数据证实了含氮类给电子试剂参与活性中心的形成,并起着稳定活性中心的作用。本文详细地研究了Fe(a cac)_3 - phen - Al(i-Bu)_3催化体系对异成二烯的聚合,考察了起始单体浓度、聚合温度,催化剂总用量以及催化剂各组分配比对聚合速率、聚合物的特性粘数和链节结构的影响,从实验结果讨论了Fe(a cac)_3 - phen - Al(i-Bu)_3体系催化异成二烯的聚合机理,并进行了一些动力学的基本计算,得到了与实验结果基本相符的结果,解释了一些实验现象。铁系聚异成二烯橡胶的表征工作未见诸文献,本工作对铁系聚异成二烯生胶的结晶、力学、流变及阻尼性能作了较系统的研究,并对硫化胶的物理机械性能,弹性及阻尼性能作了初步的表征。铁系聚异成二烯橡胶在室温具有较好的阻尼性能,并且生热值和冲击弹性均较低,可作为室温阻尼材料使用。
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K7H6[Nd(GeMo11O39)2].18H2O was first synthesized and the crystal structure was determined. Crystal structure data are as follows: monolinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 1.7095(4), b = 2.6895(3), c = 2.1214(5) nm, beta = 103.11 (2)-degrees, V = 9.4994(3) nm3, Z = 4, D(m) = 3.14g/cm3, D(c) = 3.05g/cm3, mu(MoK-alpha) = 43.7 cm-1. Experimental evidence and theoretical foundation of the method inferring the molecule structure of heteropoly compounds using their IR spectra were gaved by studying IR spectra properties of the complex with results of structural analysis. Electronic spectra prove that 4f-obital of Nd3+ take part in bonding in the complex.
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[CoCl4(C3H12N2)], M(r) = 276.87, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 10.703 (2), b = 10.653 (1), c = 10.852 (2) angstrom, beta = 118.46 (1)-degrees, V = 1087.8 angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(x) = 1.69 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71073 angstrom, mu = 22.60 cm-1, F(000) = 556, T = 298 K, final R = 0.059 for 1068 unique reflections [I > 3-sigma(I)]. The Co(II) ion is coordinated by four Cl atoms in a tetrahedral geometry. The paraffinic chains which bridge the tetrahedra have a nearly planar zigzag configuration.
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C12H12I2Te4, M(r) = 920.44, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 10.942 (2), b = 14.924 (2), c = 11.415 (2) angstrom, beta = 104.32 (1)-degrees, V = 1806.0 (5) angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(x) = 3.38 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71069 angstrom, mu = 100.7 cm-1, F(000) = 1592, T = 294 K, R = 0.033 for 1828 observed reflections. One of the Te atoms is bonded to the two I atoms, which are on either side of the molecular plane. The Te-I distances are 2.963 (1) and 2.961 (1) angstrom, which means oxidation at the Te atom instead of at the C = C bonds.
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电子自旋共振技术已经用来研究还原态V_2O_5/SiO_2催化剂和各种吸附分子的相互作用。实验指出:具有四面体配位结构的V~(4+)离子是活性中心,V~(4+)和CH_2OH,HCl,CH_3CN分子的相互作用导致形成八面体配位结构的表面VO~(2+)络合物,它们的ESR和成键参数计算指出不成对电子主要定位在钒离子的d轨道上。77 K下吸附O_2分子已经观察到氧自由基的ESR信号,但吸附乙烯和丙烯不能改变V~(4+)离子的配位结构。
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某些过渡金属组成的Ziegler-Natta催化剂聚合共轭双烯烃,所得聚合物的微观结构易随聚合条件和主催化剂配体的改变而异.具有d电子的钴、钛催化体系聚合丁二烯,既可得cis-1,4结构聚丁二烯,又可得1,2结构的聚丁二烯;而具有f电子的稀土催化剂聚合共轭双烯烃,无论怎样改变其聚合条件和配体,一般皆得高顺式聚合物.一般认为:这种定向性的特征是由单体向活性中心上配位、插入时的环境及活性中心的本质所决定的.在第一报中作者利用同一种配位体,使具有d电子的过渡金属Fe和具有f电子的稀土
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由D-甘露醇出发合成了两种新型的手性1,6-双膦:1,6-双(二苯膦基)-2,3,4,5-二亚(艹卡)基-D-甘露醇和1,6-双(二苯膦基)-3,4-亚(艹卡)基-2,5-亚甲基-D-甘露醇。 以这两种手性配位体的Rh(Ⅰ)配合物为催化剂用于α-乙酰氨基肉桂酸的不对称氢化反应,但都未观察到对映选择性,而且由第一种配位体参加的反应,也未显示氢化活性,对此本文也作了初步的说明。
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电活性质点Fe~(2+)可穿透六氰亚铁钒薄膜在玻璃碳基体电极表面于较负电位处直接氧化,也可经VHF膜中氧化还原点位的媒介在较正电位处于膜-溶液界面及膜内部发生催化氧化.两个过程分别在用VHF修饰过的旋转GC电极上的伏安曲线中产生,可明确分辨的第一波和第二波.第一波的极限电流受Fe~(2+)离子在溶液中和膜中的扩散速率控制.VHF薄膜对Fe~(2+)离子的透过能力,kD_m/d,为10~(-3)-10~(-2)cm·s~(-1)数量级,随膜厚度增大而减小,不随溶液中Fe~(2+)离子浓度改变.
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The responses of stem segments of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) to 6-BA,NAA and 2,4-D were studied. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D was used for callus initiation and maintenance. MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/L 6-BA was suitable for plant regeneration and MS medium without plant hormone supplement was used for rooting and plant propagation. For screening of salt tolerant calli, stem segments of watercress were plated onto callus initiation medium containing 1/3 natural seawater. Seventeen out of the 325 plated explants produced calli. The growth curves demonstrated that the growth rate of salt-tolerant calli on saline medium almost matched that of the control calli on normal medium. Some of the salt-tolerant calli were transferred to the normal regeneration medium or saline regeneration medium to induce plant regeneration. In the first case, buds and shoots were regenerated in the same way as those of control calli on normal regeneration medium. More than 1 000 regenerated shoots were obtained of which 83 regenerated shoots were cut and transferred to saline MS base medium. At first, all shoot growth was inhibited, but 40 days after the transfer, rapid-growing axillary shoots were observed on 16 of the original shoots but none on the control shoots on saline MS base medium. Moreover, green spots appeared on most calli 10 days after they were transferred to saline medium, however buds appeared only on 5 calli from the 30 transferred calli and at the end only 2 rapid-growing shoots were obtained from two calli. In total, 18 variant lines were obtained through. propagation of the salt-tolerant shoots on saline MS base medium. RAPD analysis was performed in 10 of the 18 salt-tolerant variant lines and DNA variation was detected in all the tested variant lines.
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Circadian growth rhythm of the juvenile sporophyte of the brown alga Undaria pirznatifida was measured with the computer-aided image analysis system in constant florescent white light under constant temperature (10 degrees C). The growth rhythm persisted for 4 d in constant light with a free-running period of 25. 6 h. Egg release from filamentous gametophytes pre-cultured in the light - dark regime was evaluated for six consecutive days at fixed time intervals in constant white light and 12 h light per day. Egg release rhythm persisted for 3 d in both regimes, indicating the endogenous nature. Temporal scale of egg release and gametogenesis in 18, 16, 12 and 8 h light per day were evaluated respectively using vegetatively propagated filamentous gametophytes. Egg release occurred 2 h after the onset of dark phase and peaked at midnight. Evaluation of the rates of oogonium formation, egg release or fertilization revealed no significant differences in four light-dark regimes, indicating; the great plasticity of sexual reproduction. No photoperiodic effect in gametogenesis in terms of oogonium formation and egg release was found, but fertilization in short days was significantly higher than in long days. Results of this investigation further confirmed the general occurrence of circadian rhythms in inter-tidal seaweed species.
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本研究首次揭示了皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai) 血细胞内存在着利用活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)的抗病机制。为今后我国研究贝类的活性氧抗病机制和筛选免疫药物提供了理论基础。本研究主要结果如下:1. 利用鲁米诺(Luminol, 3-氨基邻苯二甲酰肼)为依赖的化学发光法在体外条件下用不同刺激物(酵母细胞和酵母聚糖)对皱纹盘鲍血细胞进行刺激,测定血细胞吞噬活动中历经呼吸爆发产生活性氧的化学发光反应。结果表明皱纹盘鲍血细胞在体外条件下,经刺激物诱导吞噬活动中有明显的呼吸爆现象和很强的活性氧产生。不同有刺激物诱导血细胞产生的化学发光强度不同;同一刺激物的不同处理和不同浓度对血细胞产生活性氧的化学发光强度的影响不同。刺激物经皱纹盘鲍自体血清调理和未经调理对血细胞刺激所产生的化学发光强度不同。SOD和NaN_3对皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬过程中活性氧产生的化学发光有抑制作用。上述结果证明了皱纹盘鲍血细胞内存在有象高等动物血细胞内一样的MPO-H_2O-卤素系统的氧化性抗病机制,即在血细胞吞噬异物过程中能够释放活性氧(ROS)对异物进行杀灭的功能。2. 利用活性氧清除剂(过氧化氢酶、SOD、苯甲酸钠、2,5-二甲基呋喃、NBT和EDTA等)对皱纹盘鲍血细胞释放的活性氧进行分类测试,结果表明活性氧清除剂对皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬的化学发光都有明显的抑制作用,从而证明皱纹盘鲍血细胞能够释放的活性氧的种类有:超氧阴离子(O_2~-),过氧化氢(H_2O_2),羟自由基(OH~·)和单线态氧(~1O_2)。3. 在体外条件下利用化学发光法定量地研究了不同种类和不同浓度的农药:对硫磷(Parathion)、敌敌畏(Dichlorovos)、乐果(Dimethoate)、2,4-D 丁酯(2,4-D butylester)和甲胺磷(Methamidophos)对皱纹盘鲍血细胞氧化性抗病机制的影响。结果显示不同农药对皱纹鲍血细胞产生ROS的影响程度不同,及同一种农药的不同浓度的浸泡1h或浸泡12h处理皱纹盘鲍血细胞都能够抑制血细胞吞噬时的化学发光,表明农药能够抑制皱纹敌国鲍血细胞吞噬活动中的活性氧(ROS)的产生,而且这种抑制作用随着农药浓度的增加而加强。几种农药抑制皱纹盘鲍血细胞产生活性氧(ROS)的强度不同:2,4D-丁酯,敌敌畏和乐果的抑制作用强于对硫磷和甲胺磷。同时测定了不同浓度的农药浸泡12h后的皱纹盘鲍因细胞吞噬酵母细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,结果显示多数农药在低浓度时能够提高皱纹盘鲍血细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,而在高浓度时则能抑制血细胞吞噬酵母细胞的活力而降低血细胞的吞噬百分率的吞噬指数。4. 在体外条件下利用化学发光法定量地研究了不同种类和不同浓度的重金属:铭(Cr)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)对皱纹盘鲍血细胞氧化性抗病机制的影响。结果显示不同种类和不同浓度的重金属浸泡1hr.处理皱纹盘鲍血细胞都不同程度地抑制了血细胞吞噬时的化学发光,表明重金属能够抑制皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬活动中的活性氧(ROS)的产生,而且这种抑制作用随着重金属浓度的增加而加强。不同的重金属抑制强度不同,从强到弱依次为Hg > Cd > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn. 研究表明六种重金属中,Hg对皱纹盘鲍血细胞的免疫毒性最大。
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太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifica Hansen)作为目前已开发利用的6种主要磷虾资源之一,广泛分布于北太平洋北部及其临近近岸海域。在黄海,太平洋磷虾是黄海海洋生态系统中大型浮游动物的优势种和重要功能群的组成种类,它还是黄海生态系统中鱼类等上层营养级生物的重要饵料。太平洋磷虾的种群组成以及数量变化会直接影响到黄海经济鱼类的资源动态,从而影响到整个黄海海洋生态系统的变化。 本论文依托国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973-II)——“我国近海生态系统食物产出的关键过程及其可持续机理”和国家自然科学基金40306021号——“黄、东海太平洋磷虾种群补充机制研究”,在2006年4月到2007年8月的八个黄海调查航次中,通过网采固定样品和现场培养实验相结合的方法,对黄海海域太平洋磷虾的种群生态分布和补充、繁殖和发育策略、以及成体的摄食、代谢进行了较为全面、细致的研究。 种群生态分布:本文根据2006年4月(春季)和10月(秋季)两次黄海大面调查和2006年9月-2007年8月六次黄海断面调查所获得的样品,研究了太平洋磷虾在南黄海的种群生态分布和补充机制,并探讨了其生态分布与环境因子的关系。 春季,南黄海太平洋磷虾种群主要分布在33 °N-36 °N、50 m-75 m等深线之间的海域,种群总丰度(不包括卵)为152.90 ind. m-3,卵丰度非常高,成体丰度较低,仅占种群总数量的8.72%。调查海域的平均成体丰度为0.35 ind. m-3。种群组成以幼体为主,占到种群的90.85%。春季是太平洋磷虾种群补充的高峰期。秋季,种群主要分布在黄海冷水团海域,种群总丰度(不包括卵)为335.38 ind. m-3,成体丰度显著高于春季,调查海区成体的平均丰度为7.73 ind. m-3。成体和未成体以99.5%的总比例在种群中占绝对数量优势,卵和幼体都非常少。秋季太平洋磷虾种群处于稳定期。春季成体的体长显著大于秋季,春季成体全长以13-18 mm为主,而秋季成体的全长主要是9-13 mm。 春季,太平洋磷虾成体具有昼夜垂直迁移行为,白天主要停留在底层水域,夜间少部分成体会上升到中上层水域,但是大部分成体仍然停留在深层。幼体从C3期开始就具有一定昼夜垂直迁移行为,F2—F5期幼体的昼夜垂直迁移行为已经非常明显。由于从表层到底层叶绿素a浓度逐渐降低,因此,太平洋磷虾的昼夜垂直迁移行为可能与摄食有关。 太平洋磷虾成体的分布是与海水温度紧密相关,南黄海太平洋磷虾成体比较适宜生活的水温是8-16 °C。春、冬季水温较低,成体分布范围较广。夏、秋季表层水温急剧升高到20 °C以上,太平洋磷虾成体主要分布在黄海冷水团海域,丰度也达到一年中的最高值。另外,秋季在近长江口的北部海域有大量成体分布。 繁殖和发育:自2006年9月到2007年8月的一年内,在黄海进行了七个航次的太平洋磷虾现场培养产卵实验,结果表明:在南黄海,太平洋磷虾在3月—6月份都具有产卵行为,4月份达到产卵高峰期。单个雌体的最大产卵量为617 egg female-1,出现在4月份。8月、9月和12月在南黄海均未发现太平洋磷虾的产卵行为。太平洋磷虾具有二次产卵行为,并且第一次产卵量要高于第二次。太平洋磷虾的产卵行为与其干湿重紧密相关。成体干重低于5.0 mg,湿重低于26.0 mg,均不具有产卵能力。在产卵高峰期,太平洋磷虾的干湿重达到一年中的最高值。 在南黄海,太平洋磷虾的幼体发育主要遵循下面的发育途径:卵 → 无节幼体 → 后期无节幼体 → 原溞状幼体 → 溞状幼体F1(0' 7, 1' 7) → 溞状幼体F2(1' 4'' 7, 3' 1'' 7) → 溞状幼体F3(5'' 7) → 溞状幼体F4(5'' 5) → 溞状幼体F5(5'' 3) → 溞状幼体F6(5'' 1)。太平洋磷虾在15 °C下的幼体发育速度明显快于4 °C。15 °C下幼体发育到C1期只需5.6 d,而4 °C下则需要16.1 d。 摄食和代谢:2006年9、10、12月和2007年3、8月,在南黄海的五个断面调查航次中,在S1-4站进行了太平洋磷虾成体摄食实验,结果表明:太平洋磷虾在8月和9月份对水体中浮游植物的摄食率比较低,主要摄食水体中的微型浮游动物,从而由于营养级级联作用,致使水体中叶绿素a浓度升高。12月和3月,太平洋磷虾对水体中浮游植物有着很强的摄食活动,使得水体的叶绿素a浓度大量降低,当然太平洋磷虾也可能会同时摄食水体中微型浮游动物。 2006年9、12月和2007年3月,在南黄海的三个断面调查航次中,在S1-4站进行了太平洋磷虾现场耗氧率和排氨率实验,结果表明:太平洋磷虾在3月份的耗氧率是172.92 μg ind.-1 d-1,是9月份和12月份的6倍还要多。太平洋磷虾在9月和12月的耗碳率和体碳日损耗量相近,且都较低。3月份太平洋磷虾的代谢非常旺盛,体碳日损耗量达到2.70 % d-1,每日的耗碳率为62.9 µg C ind-1 d-1。9月和12月份太平洋磷虾代谢的氧氮比都较低,分别是11.3和7.0,太平洋磷虾成体的主要代谢基质是蛋白质。3月份的氧氮比为35.1,太平洋磷虾成体代谢主要以脂肪及碳水化合物为主。