113 resultados para vitamin B-12


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Polysiphonia urceolata R-phycoerythrin and Porphyridium cruentum B-phycoerythrin were degraded with proteinaseK, and then the nearly native gamma subunits were isolated from the reaction mixture. The process of degradation of phycoerythrin with proteinaseK showed that the gamma subunit is located in the central cavity of (alpha beta)(6) hexamer of phycoerythrin. Comparative analysis of the spectra of the native phycoerythrin, the phycoerythrin at pH 12 and the isolated gamma subunit showed that the absorption peaks of phycoerythrobilins on alpha or beta subunit are at 535 nm (or 545 nm) and 565 nm, the fluorescence emission maximum at 580 nm; the absorption peak of phycoerythrobilins on the isolated gamma subunit is at 589 nm, the fluorescence emission peak at 620 nm which overlaps the absorption maximum of C-phycocyanin and perhaps contributes to the energy transfer with high efficiency between phycoerythrin and phycocyanin in phycobilisome; the absorption maximum of phycourobilin on the isolated gamma subunit is at 498 nm, which is the same as that in native phycoerythrin, and the fluorescence emission maximum at 575 nm.

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Cystatins form a large family of cysteine protease inhibitors found in a wide arrange of organisms. Studies have indicated that mammalian cystatins play important roles under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, much less is known about fish cystatins. In this report, we described the identification and analysis of a cystatin B homologue, SmCytB, from turbot Scophthalmus maximus. The open reading frame of SmCytB is 300 bp, which encodes a 99-residue protein that shares high levels of sequence identities with the cystatin B of a number of fish species and contains the conserved cysteine protease inhibitor motif of cystatin B. Constitutive expression of SmCytB is high in muscle, brain, heart and liver, and low in spleen. blood, gill and kidney. Bacterial infection upregulates SmCytB expression in kidney, spleen, liver and brain but not in muscle or heart. Functional analysis showed that recombinant SmCytB purified from Escherichia colt exhibits apparent cysteine protease inhibitor activity. Transient overexpression of SmCytB in head kidney macrophages enhances macrophage bactericidal activity probably through a nitric oxide-independent mechanism. These results indicate that SmCytB is involved in the immune defense of turbot against bacterial infection. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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对虾流行病爆发以来,我国乃至世界的对虾产业一直受到各种虾病的困扰,对虾养殖业严重受阻。解决这一问题的关键是加强对虾免疫机制的研究,并在此基础上寻找对虾疾病防治的有效方法。Rel/NF-κB是一类核转录因子,在无脊椎动物的先天性免疫中,起着极为重要的作用。 本论文根据其他无脊椎动物中NF-κB家族基因Relish和Dorsal的保守氨基酸序列分别设计简并引物,从中国明对虾血细胞cDNA中先后克隆到了Relish和Dorsal基因的部分片段,并结合SMART-RACE技术分别获得了中国明对虾Relish基因(FcRelish)和Dorsal基因(FcDorsal)的cDNA 全长。 FcRelish的cDNA 全长为2157个碱基,其中开放阅读框为1512个碱基,编码504个氨基酸;FcRelish蛋白的推导分子量为57373.5 Da,理论等电点为7.00。FcDorsal基因的cDNA 全长为1627个碱基,其中开放阅读框为1071个碱基,编码357个氨基酸;FcDorsal蛋白的推导分子量为39780.7 Da,理论等电点为8.85。 分析了FcRelish基因和FcDorsal基因的在血细胞、淋巴器官、肠和肌肉等12个组织中的表达水平。组织表达结果表明FcRelish和FcDorsal在淋巴器官和血细胞中表达水平明显高于其他组织,而淋巴器官和血细胞是对虾免疫系统中最重要的两个组织,由此可以推测中国明对虾中的Relish和Dorsal可能与免疫关系密切。 本论文还利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对灭活鳗弧菌刺激,以及WSSV病毒刺激后,对虾血细胞和淋巴器官中FcRelish基因和FcDorsal基因的转录水平进行了研究。FcRelish基因在WSSV病毒刺激后,在血细胞和淋巴器官中都出现了波浪形变化,说明FcRelish对WSSV病毒刺激产生了应答。在灭活鳗弧菌刺激后,FcRelish在血细胞中变化不明显,而在淋巴器官中出现了两次明显的下调上调交替,出现这种现象的具体原因有待探究。在WSSV病毒刺激后,血细胞和淋巴器官中FcDorsal的转录表达呈波浪形变化。而在鳗弧菌刺激后,FcDorsal在血细胞和淋巴器官中的转录均在短时间内出现明显的上调表达,说明FcDorsal对鳗弧菌非常敏感。 作为核转录因子的NF-κB蛋白的转录激活作用需要在细胞质中通过蛋白水解作用来激活,为了进一步阐明NF-κB对病菌感染的应答机制,需要进一步研究这两种转录因子在蛋白水平的变化,以便从分子水平阐明NF-κB在对虾天然免疫中的作用。

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Chemical examination of the green alga Cladophora fascicularis resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new porphyrin derivative, porphyrinolactone (1), along with five known phaeophytins 2-6 and fourteen sterols and cycloartanes. The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of its NMR data with those of known phaeophytins. Compounds 1-6 displayed moderate inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, while 2 and 4 displayed potential inhibitory activity toward proteasome chymotripsin-like activation. The primary structure-activity relationship was also discussed.

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分析祁连山海北高寒草甸地区2002年太阳总辐射(Eg)、UV-B及UV-B占Eg比例的气候变化特征。结果表明:海北站地区UV-B较强,日瞬时最高接近10W•m^-2,日总量最高达0.204MJ•m^-2;日、年变化依Eg的日、年变化具有显著的正相关关系。UV-B与Eg的比值(η),不论是日变化还是年变化表现明显,一日间早晚低,中午高,一年间6月最高,冬季的12月低,与太阳高度角的变化具有一定的正相关关系。年平均η约为0.54%,植物生长期的5~9月约为0.65%。在海北高寒草甸地区Eg和UV-B的年总量分别达6387.436MJ•m^-2和35.981MJ•m^-2。

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在高寒矮嵩草 (K obresia humilis)草甸地区以太阳短波辐射为背景 ,建立了人工增强 U V- B辐射的实验装置 ,每天增补 15 .8k J· m- 2 的辐射剂量 ,模拟平流层臭氧破坏约 5 %时近地表面太阳 UV- B辐射的增强。观测表明 :UV- B辐射的增强对麻花艽 (Gentiana straminea)植物的光合作用无明显的抑制或伤害作用。相反 ,在早晨补充UV- B辐射的短时间内 ,叶片的 Pn 随 Gs的增大而有所提高。随 UV- B辐射时间的延长 ,约在 11∶ 30~ 12∶ 30 ,Pn和Gs有所降低。U V- B辐射时间进一步延长后 (约 14∶ 0 0以后 ) ,处理和对照组叶片 Pn和 Gs的差异趋向不明显。增强太阳 UV- B辐射后 ,麻花艽叶片的光合色素并无明显变化 ,U V-B 吸收物质的含量也无明显变化。麻花艽叶片厚度的直接测量表明: 增强UV -B 辐射能明显提高叶片的厚度。叶片厚度的增加可补偿增强UV -B 辐射后引起的光合色素的光降解, 改善单位叶面积为基础的光合速率, 是高原植物对强UV-B 辐射的一种适应方式。

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1)依据镜质组反射率(或由沥青、无定形干酪根换算成的镜质组反射率)拟合计算沉积盆地及生油层古地温是一种比较实用而又简便可行的方法。2)从十二口井井温数据分析,除X6井(2.0℃/100M)和X1井(2.05℃/100M)外,其它十口井的现地温梯度均小于2℃/100M。塔里木盆地的现地温梯度是较低的。3)拟合计算古地温的结果表明,塔B和塔A地区古地温梯度偏低半呈下降的趋势:塔B地区古生代隆起区古地温梯度为3.5℃/100M,凹陷区为3.0℃/100M,中生代古地温梯度为2.5-2.7℃/100M,新生代古地温梯度为2.0-2.2℃/100M。塔A及塔C地区:古生代隆起区的古地温梯度为3.5℃/100M,凹陷区为3.0℃/100M;中生代古地温梯度为2.5℃/100M,新生代为2.0-2.2℃/100M,今地温梯度为2.0℃/100M。4)古地温拟合计算结果表明:塔B地区志留系至二叠系地层基本被剥蚀,有的部位下古地层也遭到部分剥蚀。寒武-奥陶系总厚度在3000-4000米以上,生油层的生油期持续时间很长。寒武系底的生油期从寒武纪末到石炭纪(522-342Ma),目前普遍处在干气阶段。奥陶系底的生油期从奥陶纪末期一直持续到第三纪,90%的地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末(早海西运动以后)之后(见图3-12),目前普遍处于凝析油-湿气阶段。塔A地区志留、泥盆系基本被剥蚀殆尽,而寒武-奥陶系基本未被剥蚀,总厚度在2000-4000米之间。寒武系底的生油期从寒武纪末期到泥盆纪(511-362Ma),至今大部分处于生气阶段。奥陶系底的生油期从泥盆纪一直到第三纪(404-40Ma),约30%的地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末(早海西运动)之后(见图3-?),至今部分生油岩处于生气阶段。由于受加里东和海西运动的影响,塔A和塔B地区古生界地层普遍存在“二次生油”的现象。两地区石炭-二叠系一般在第三纪开始生油,生油期普遍较短。相对塔B和塔A地工而言,塔C地区受构造运动而遭剥蚀的程度要小得多。寒武-奥陶系总厚度范围为2100-8200米,因此生油层的生油期持续时间很长。寒武系底的生油期从中寒武世到石炭纪(536.5-305Ma)。奥陶系底的生油期从晚奥陶世一直到第三纪晚期(439.5-16.5Ma),仅少数地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末(早海西运动)之后,目前大部分处于凝析油-湿气到干气阶段。石炭、二叠、三叠及侏罗系生油层目前大都处于“生油窗”内。总之,本区是塔A和塔B地区的主要油源区。5)通过对有机包裹体类型和荧光性质的鉴定、数量的统计、以及盐水溶液包裹体均一温度的测定,可以初步了解有机质热演化程度及含油气情况。6)对中生代样品,Tmax反映的成熟度与其它参数基本一致,而对于古生代样品,由于样品成熟度增大,Tmax失去指示成熟度的作用。原油和生油岩生物标志化合物反映的成熟度基本上与其它指标一致,因此在缺乏反射率资料的地区,可用生物标志化合物近似反映成熟度的变化。