STUDY ON ION-IMPLANTATION OF EUROPIUM INTO CAF2 SINGLE-CRYSTAL

CaF_2 single crystal is very useful as optical host materials. It has been systematically studied and widely used in thermoluminescence that rare earth ions were doped into CaF_2 single crystal with chemical methods. However, the ion implan-

Benthic foraminifera and bottom water evolution in the middle-southern Okinawa Trough during the last 18 ka

A piston sediment core E017 from the middle-southern Okinawa Trough was investigated. A preliminary study of the deep-water evolution since 18 cal. ka BP was performed based on the quantitative census data of benthic foraminiferal fauna, together with planktonic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotope, AMS(14)C dating, and the previous results achieved in the southern Okinawa Trough. The result shows that the benthic fauna was dominated by Bulimina aculeata (d'Orbigny), Uvigerina peregrina (Cushman), Hispid Uvigerina and Uvigerina dirupta (Todd) during the glaciation-deglaciation before 9.2 cal. ka BP, while Epistominella exigua (Brady), Pullenia bulloides (d'Orbigny), Cibicidoides hyalina (Hofker), Sphaeroidina bulloides (d'Orbigny) and Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady) predominated the fauna in the post-glacial period after 9.2 cal. ka BP. The benthic foraminifera accumulation rate (BFAR), paleoproductivity estimates and benthic foraminiferal assemblage conformably indicate that surface water paleoproductivity and organic matter flux during the glaciation-deglaciation were higher than those of the post-glacial period in the middle-southern Okinawa Trough, and gradually enhanced from the southern to the central Okinawa Trough during the glaciation-deglaciation, which could be caused by the discrepancy of the terrigenous nutrients supply. High abundances of E exigua, an indicator of pulsed organic matter input, after 9.2 cal. ka. BP may indicate that the intensity of seasonally riverine pulsed flux during the post-glacial period was stronger than that of the glaciation-deglaciation period, and the seasonal influx in the central trough might be stronger than in the south. The temporal distributions of the typical species indicating bottom water oxygen content and ventilation condition show that the ventilation of the bottom water during the post-glacial period is more active than the glaciation-deglaciation, which reflects that the evolution of the intermediate and deep waters of the northwestern Pacific during the last glaciation has no evident influence on the deep-water of the middle-southern Okinawa Trough. Additionally, the variations in agglutinated benthic foraminiferal abundance and other carbonate dissolution proxies indicate that carbonate dissolution gradually increased since the last 18 ka in the Okinawa Trough and rapidly enhanced at 9.2 cal. ka BP. The modern shallow carbonate lysocline could form at 3 cal. ka BP.

牙鲆生长相关性状遗传力估计

遗传力是数量遗传学的重要参数，对鱼类良种选育具有重要意义。可靠的遗传力估计值可以为合理制定育种计划提供宝贵信息，同时可以预测选择反应。本文按照10×3因子设计方法，10尾雄鱼与3尾雌鱼两两授精，产生10个父系半同胞、3个母系半同胞及30个全同胞家系，以微卫星分子标记为家系鉴定手段，对40日龄牙鲆生长相关性状遗传力进行了估计；同时，初步探讨了因子交配设计及人工控制条件下，亲本对子代遗传贡献率差异及有效群体大小。主要结论包括：1.初步筛选的14个微卫星位点中，有9个（Po91、Po1、Po56、Po20、Poli23、Po89、Poli121、Po42、Po13）在亲本中呈现中、高度多态性：平均等位基因9.4个；平均亲本特异性等位基因4个。用5个位点（Po91、Po1、Po56、Po20、Poli23）为346个子代中的227个个体找到所属家系；继续用另外4个位点（Po89、Poli121、Po42、Po13）分型，成功鉴定72个个体。鉴定率约86%，其中，亲本特异性等位基因的存在使鉴定效率大大提高。以上9个位点可为该群体良种选育工作提供技术支持。2. 发生降解的DNA与完整的DNA，在相同引物、相同PCR体系、相同模板浓度下扩增的带型一致。该结果证实了微卫星分型对降解的DNA同样稳定。3. 亲本对子代的遗传贡献率存在差异。雄亲的贡献率为5.8—14.3%，除3号、9号子代数较少，5号、6号子代数较多外，其它父本基本一致；母本对子代的贡献率差异较大（18.5%—50.6%），这与人工授精前雌亲发育状况、卵子质量检测结果基本一致，在一定程度上说明，母本尤其是卵子质量对鱼类早期存活具有较大影响。4. 家系内子代数目的不平衡导致实际有效群体大小下降。Ne=7.44，比理论有效群体大小（9.23）下降约19%。但与自然交配相比（有效群体下降可达75%），人工控制下的交配在一定程度上可有效限制遗传多样性的下降。5. 基于父本方差组分，40日龄生长相关性状遗传力估计值（h2s±S.E.）为（0.157±0.052）－（0.440±0.137）。加性遗传方差在表型方差中所占的比例，在一定程度上表明该牙鲆群体生长性状具有一定的选择力度。

尖刺菱形藻的营养吸收和增殖动力学研究

本文采用批次培养和半连续培养的方法，研究了中国近海的主要赤潮生物之一尖刺菱形藻的营养盐吸收动力学和营养盐限制下的生长进行了研究。1）中国近海的尖刺菱形藻为尖刺型，不能形成软骨藻酸；2）尖刺菱形藻是一种典型的广温广盐的近岸型海洋浮游硅藻，其适应不同环境的能力较强；3）尖刺菱形藻的营养盐吸收动力学符合米氏酶动力学方程V=V_mXS/(Ks+S)；4）在稳定状态下，米氏方程与Droop方程一起，与Mond方程一样，都可以很好地描述尖刺菱形藻的生长率与外界环境中限制性营养盐浓度之间的关系 ；5）与其他浮游植物相比较，尖刺菱形藻吸收无机氮的能力较强，而吸收无机磷的能力相对较弱。

全球上层海流的漂流浮标资料分析

本文利用加拿大MEDS提供的卫星跟踪漂流浮标资料分析研究了全球大洋上层海流特征。统计得到空间分辨率为2°* 2°（部分区域为1°* 1°）的全球流畅、涡动能场和温动场，流场的散度场和旋度场大小同为一个量级，但其旋度场能体现出大尺度表层地转流的整体特征；对中国近海和黑潮流域相应的浮标资料分析表明，黑潮对中国近海的三处入侵表现明显，其中黑潮的南海表层入侵主要发生在秋冬两季，而台湾东北的表层入侵以秋季最强；对东太平洋赤道表层辐散计算，结果显示辐射最大为1.8 * 10~(-6)s~1，相应50米深处上升流速为9 * 10~(-5)m/s。

Growth, survival and immune activity of scallops, Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston, compared between suspended and bottom culture in Haizhou Bay, China

We examined the growth, survival and immune response of the scallop, Chlamys farreri, during a 1-year period in deep water of Haizhou Bay. Scallops were cultured using two methods: (1) in lantern nets at a 5 m depth and (2) in a bottom culture system (sleeves) on the seabed at about a 25 m depth. Shell heights, meat dry weight and immune activities in the haemolymph (superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase) were measured bimonthly or quarterly from July 2007 to June 2008. Survival was measured at the end of the study and environmental parameters in the experimental layers were monitored during the experiment. The growth and immune activities of scallops were lower when the water temperature was high, which was consistent with the main mortality occurring in summer. The growth and immunity of scallops were higher in the suspended culture than in the bottom culture during the experiment, with the exception of shell growth during the last study period. Survival of scallops in the suspended culture (54.6 +/- 12.3%) was significantly lower than that in the bottom culture (86.8 +/- 3.5%) at the end of this study. We conclude from our results that the high mortality of C. farreri can be prevented by culturing them in a bottom culture system before November of the first year, and then transferring them to a suspended culture to improve scallop production.

PCR-DGGE analysis of intestinal bacteria and effect of Bacillus spp. on intestinal microbial diversity in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus)

In this study, the intestinal microbiota of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) was examined by molecular analysis of the 16S rDNA to identify the dominant intestinal bacteria and to investigate the effects of Bacillus spp. on intestinal microbial diversity. Samples of the intestines of kuruma shrimp fed normal feed and Bacillus spp. amended feed. PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses were then performed on DNA extracted directly from the guts. Population fingerprints of the predominant organisms were generated by DGGE analysis of the universal V3 16S rDNA amplicons, and distinct bands in the gels were sequenced. The results suggested that the gut of kuruma shrimp was dominated by Vibrio sp. and uncultured gamma proteobacterium. Overall, the results of this study suggest that PCR-DGGE is a possible method of studying the intestinal microbial diversity of shrimp.

干旱与氧化胁迫对小麦根氧化还原状态和叶片ABA积累的影响

通过分析一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）、活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）和干旱胁迫对小麦根氧化还原状态和叶片脱落酸（abscisic acid，ABA）积累的影响，探讨了干旱胁迫下NO和H2O2调节ABA合成的可能机制。结果表明：干旱胁迫处理初期小麦根还原型谷胱甘肽含量降低、抗氧化酶活性发生振荡变化，细胞氧化还原状态向氧化型转变。NO和H2O2能模拟干旱胁迫的作用使细胞状态向氧化型转变，还可以使小麦叶片ABA积累量上升。干旱胁迫下NO和H2O2对ABA合成的调节作用可能是通过调节细胞氧化还原状态进行。

土壤水分胁迫对不同耐旱性春小麦品种叶片色素含量的影响

研究选用耐旱性强的“定西24”和“高原671”与耐旱性弱的“高原448”和“青春533”春小麦品种，在盆栽条件下比较了不同耐旱性品种在拔节后经不同程度水分胁迫后叶片的多种生理参数；叶片相对含水量、净光合速率、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量。结果表明：在土壤相对含水量75％、55％、40％和30％这4个等级上，这些生理指标均随土壤相对含水量的降低而下降，耐旱性强的品种降低慢，且降低幅度小。在水分胁迫下，4个品种叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量下降，证明此时光合器生理功能遭到破坏；在轻度水分胁迫下，耐旱性强的品种定西24和高原671叶片的类胡萝卜素含量上升；在严重水分胁迫下，4个品种的叶片类胡萝卜素含量明显下降，可能此时自由基积累超过了抗氧化剂的清除能力，从而使细胞受到损伤。根据本研究结果，可以将轻度水分胁迫下叶片类胡萝卜素含量升高作为春小麦品种耐旱性的选择指标之一。

高寒矮蒿草草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力对模拟降水的响应

通过野外控制实验,研究了高寒矮嵩草草甸群落植物多样性、初级生产力对模拟降雨条件的响应.结果表明:(1)在植物生长期(6月),增加降雨20%、增加降雨40%,植物群落物种多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(J)分别比对照提高了0.188和0.011、0.735和0.076,生长期(7月)增加降雨20%物种H和J提高了0.409和0.07;(2)禾草类:增加降雨20%处理的地上生物量与对照相比没有明显的显著性差异(P＞0.05),增加降雨40%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著(P＜0.05),说明过多增加降雨会抑制禾草的生长发育.杂类草:减少降雨50%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著(P＜0.05),其地上生物量对减少降雨的反映比较敏感.莎草类:其地上生物量对增加和减少降雨都没有显著变化;(3)0～10 cm和0～30 cm土层地下生物量均在增加降雨20%时最高,地下生物量的总量也在增加降雨20%时最高;(4)矮嵩草草甸地下生物量与地上生物量、总生物量的比值接近于生长季末时最大,且在模拟增加降雨20%的水平时,7、8、9月份地下和地上生物量较其它处理组高.

隆务河流域植物区系研究

隆务河流域共有种子植物65科、329属、970种。区系特征如下：（1）本区系是在高寒类型和寒温、干旱类型兼具的生态环境下形成的。（2）以多年生草要为主、木本植物和一年生植物为辅的植物种类比较丰富。（3）以北温带成分为主的温带性质明显。（4）区系具有年轻性和衍生性质。（5）本区的中国特有种是以我国西南、西北和华北地区为集中分布区或分别为分布中心的种为基础组成的。（6）本区系具有促使物种分化的“过渡生境”的性质和作用，或可称之为“过渡区效应”。区系分析表明，本区系应属与横断山和甘肃南部区系联系密切的青藏高原区系范围，并且在以高原、高山区系成分为主的基础上兼有我国西北寒旱区的荒漠旱生成分。建议是否可在其周围区系更进一步研究的基础上重新确定唐古特地区的界线。

Emodin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer BCap-37 cells through the mitochondrial signaling pathway

Emodin, a natural anthraquinone compound isolated from the rhizome of rhubarb, is reported to suppress the growth of tumor in many clinical situations. In this study, we focused on the effect of emodin in human breast cancer BCap-37 cells and further understand the underlying molecular mechanism in treating breast cancer. Using MTT assay and flow cytometry, we demonstrated the critical role of emodin in the suppression of the proliferation of BCap-37 cells based on a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The increase of apoptotic rate was also observed after incubation of BCap-37 cells on emodin at 20 mu M and 50 mu M for 48 h. The cells exhibited typical apoptotic features including cellular morphological change, chromatin condensation and membrane blebbing. The results of the study further showed that Bcl-2 level decreased, while Bax and cytosolic cytochrome c levels in sample cells increased after the emodin treatment by using Western blot. The decline in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and the increase of cytosolic cytochrome c concentration were consistent with the increase of the apoptotic ratio. The results strongly suggest that the disruption of the mitochondrial signaling pathway was involved in emodin-induced apoptosis in BCap-37 cells.

反求工程中的三维测量数据融合新方法

根据工程实际需要，提出了一种基于点对应的三维测量数据融合新方法。该方法可利用不同测量过程中得到的点集数据之间部分点的对应关系，求解出两次测量数据坐标系之间的坐标变换关系，进而将两部分数据统一在一个坐标系中。在坐标变换求取过程中采用旋动理论，将带约束的多变量函数的非线性优化问题转化为线性方程组的求解问题，不但大大降低了计算的复杂性，而且算法稳定性好，具有很高的求解精度，完全可以满足工程需要。

空间目标深度获取系统：“终点弹道炸点测量系统”方案设计

如何快速可靠地获取空间目标深度信息是计算机视觉领域中的一个关键问题。本文主要论述了利用立体视觉原理快速精确获取空间目标深度信息的方法。本系统是为测量落在多合相机有效视场内的炸点深度信息而设计的。其首先对各相机抽取出的特征点进行快速匹配处理，找到所有匹配点对；然后再利用已找到的匹配点对来恢复该空间目标的深度信息。系统所使用的特征点快速匹配算法是作者提出的一种新的算法，具有很好的效果，且对应用范围没有特殊要求，并给出了仿真结果。作者所做工作大致分成下面几部份：1、提出了一种基于熵算子的目标特征提取的平滑滤波器参数的自适应选取方法，即让计算机根据输入图象固有特性自动选择其平滑滤波器的参数，摆脱人为因素的影响，并给出了实例。2、提出了一种基子图象特征点的尘标约束的特征点快速匹配算法，该算法既保留了epipolar线约束快速匹配的优点，又解决了实际测量中epipolar无法解决的问题。这对于从硬件上实现本系统在理论上提供了可能。同时给出了由多相机特征点对来恢复该空间目标点深度信息的公式。3、对上述结果进行了误差分析，指出影响结果精度的主要因素，对提交实际测量精度提供了理论依据，并给出了仿真结果。4、为摄象机建立了成象几何模型，并对摄象机内部永外部参数进行了标定处理，介绍了一种简单快速标定摄象机内部和外部参数的方法。