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海拔梯度造成的环境异质性,如崎岖的地形、复杂的植被结构以及花期延迟等可能会极大地影响到物种的形态和遗传变异格局。理解物种形态和遗传变异的海拔格局对于物种多样性的管理和保护是非常重要的。尽管植物群体遗传学是一个飞速发展的研究领域,然而与海拔相关的形态变异、遗传变异及群体间遗传差异的研究却很少。到目前为止,还不清楚遗传变异与海拔之间是否必然的相关性。 川滇高山栎是一种重要的生态和经济型树种,广泛分布于中国西南的四川、西藏、贵州和云南省的高海拔地区,在保持水土、调节气候方面起着十分重要的作用。尽管主要受阳光限制而仅分布于阳坡,但其海拔梯度范围较大,表明川滇高山栎对不同的环境具有很强的适应性。本文通过叶型及生理响应、微卫星分子标记和扩增性片段长度多态性方法,试图探索川滇高山栎叶沿海拔梯度的形态和生理响应及其沿海拔梯度的遗传变异格局,为川滇高山栎的保护和利用提供进一步的遗传学理论依据和技术指导。 对叶形、含氮量及碳同位素的试验结果表明,平均比叶面积、气孔密度、气孔长度和气孔指数等气孔参数随海拔的升高呈非线性变化。在海拔大于2800 m时,川滇高山栎的比叶面积、气孔长度和气孔指数都随海拔升高而降低,但是在海拔小于2800 m时,这些指标都随海拔的升高而增大。相对而言,单位叶面积的含氮量和碳同位素则表现出相反的变化模式。另外,比叶面积是决定碳同位素沿海拔梯度变化的最重要参数。本研究结果表明,海拔2800 m附近是川滇高山栎生长和发育的最适地带,在这里生长的植物叶片厚度更薄、气孔更大、叶碳同位素值更小。 利用六对微卫星引物对五个不同海拔川滇高山栎群体遗传多样性进行研究,结果表明,群体内表现出较高的遗传多样性,平均每位点等位基因数11.33个,平均期望杂合度达0.820。群体间差异较小,分化仅为6.6%。聚类分析也并没有显示出明显的海拔格局。然而低频率等位基因却与海拔呈显著性正相关(R2=0.97, P < 0.01),表明在高海拔处,川滇高山栎以更多的稀有基因来适应恶劣的环境条件。本试验结果表明由海拔梯度形成的选择性压力对川滇高山栎群体的遗传变异影响并不明显。 为了进一步探讨川滇高山栎群体遗传变异与海拔之间的相互关系,我们还对其进行了扩增性片段长度多态性分析。结果表明:(1)随海拔的升高(从群体WL2到群体WL5),群体内遗传变异降低,而群体间遗传差异增加;(2)低海拔群体WL1表现出最低的遗传变异性(HE = 0.181),同时与其余四个群体间呈现出最大的遗传差异性(平均FST = 0.0596);(3)在除去低海拔群体WL1后,Mantel检测表明群体间遗传距离与海拔距离之间表现出正相关性。另外,研究结果还表明,遗传变异受生境条件(过度的湿热环境)及人为干扰(火烧、砍伐和放牧)的影响,这一点至少在低海拔群体WL1上发生了作用。 通过叶形态、生理及DNA分子水平的研究,结果表明叶形态特征和碳同位素与海拔紧密相关,与海拔之间呈非线性变化,海拔2,800 m附近是川滇高山栎生长和发育的最适地带。海拔梯度在一定程度上会影响到川滇高山栎群体的遗传变异结构,但在这样一个狭窄的地理分布区域里,这种影响并不足以导致群体间较大的遗传分化。同时生境条件及人为干扰也是影响遗传变异的限制性因子,不容忽视。 Altitudinal gradients impose heterogeneous environmental conditions, such as rugged topography, a complex pattern of vegetation and flowering delay, and they likely furthermore markedly affect the morphological and genetic variation pattern of a species. Understanding altitudinal pattern of morphological and genetic variation at a species is important for the management and conservation of species diversity. Although plant population genetics is a fast growing field of research, there are only few recent investigations, which analyzed the genetic differentiation and changes of intra-population variation along altitudinal gradients. At present, it is still unclear whether there are some common patterns of morphological and genetic variation with altitude. Quercus aquifolioides Rehder & E.H. Wilson, which is an important ecological and economical endemic woody plant species, is widely distributed in the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, Southwest China. Its large range of habitat across different altitudes implies strong adaptation to different environments, although it is mainly restricted to sunny, south facing slopes. It plays a very important role in preventing soil erosion, soil water loss and regulating climate, as well as in retaining ecological stability. In this paper, we tried to understand the altitudinal pattern of morphological and genetic variation along altitudinal gradients through the experiments of leaf morphological and physiological responses, microsatellite analysis and AFLP markers. In leaf morphological and physiological responses experiment, we measured leaf morphology, nitrogen content and carbon isotope composition (as an indicator of water use efficiency) of Q. aquifolioides along an altitudinal gradient. We found that these leaf morphological and physiological responses to altitudinal gradients were non-linear with increasing altitude. Specific leaf area, stomatal length and index increased with increasing altitude below 2,800 m, but decreased with increasing altitude above 2,800 m. In contrast, leaf nitrogen content per unit area and carbon isotope composition showed opposite change patterns. Specific leaf area seemed to be the most important parameter that determined the carbon isotope composition along the altitudinal gradient. Our results suggest that near 2,800 m in altitude could be the optimum zone for growth and development of Q. aquifolioides, and highlight the importance of the influence of altitude in research on plant physiological ecology. Genetic variation and differentiation were investigated among five natural populations of Q. aquifolioides occurring along an altitudinal gradient that varied from 2,000 to 3,600 m above sea level in the Wolong Natural Reserve of China, by analyzing variation at six microsatellite loci. The results showed that the populations were characterized by relatively high intra-population variation with the average number of alleles equaling 11.33 per locus and the average expected heterozygosity (HE) being 0.779. The amount of genetic variation varied only little among populations, which suggests that the influence of altitude factors on microsatellite variation is limited. However, there is a significantly positive correlation between altitude and the number of low-frequency alleles (R2=0.97, P < 0.01), which indicates that Q. aquifolioides from high altitudes has more unique variation, possibly enabling adaptation to severe conditions. F statistics showed the presence of a slight deficiency of heterozygosity (FIS=0.136) and a low level of differentiation among populations (FST=0.066). The result of the cluster analysis demonstrates that the grouping of populations does not correspond to the altitude of the populations. Based on the available data, it is likely that the selective forces related to altitude are not strong enough to significantly differentiate the populations of Q. aquifolioides in terms of microsatellite variation. To further elucidate genetic variation pattern of Q. aquifolioides populations under sub-alpine environments, genetic variation and differentiation were investigated along altitudinal gradients using AFLP markers. The altitudinal populations with an average altitude interval of 400 m, i.e. WL1, WL2, WL3, WL4 and WL5, correspond to the altitudes 2,000, 2,400, 2,800, 3,200 and 3,600 m, respectively. Our results were as follows: (i) decreasing genetic variation (ranging from 0.253 to 0.210) and increasing genetic differentiation with altitude were obtained from the WL2 to the WL5 population; (ii) the WL1 population showed the lowest genetic variation (HE = 0.181) and the highest genetic differentiation (average FST = 0.0596) with the other four populations; (iii) the positive correlation was obtained using Mantel tests between genetic and altitude distances except for the WL1 population. Our results suggest that altitudinal gradients may have influenced the genetic variation pattern of Q. aquifolioides populations to some extent. In addition, habitat environments (unfavorable wet and hot conditions) and human disturbances (burning, grazing and felling) were possible influencing factors, especially to the low-altitude WL1 population. The present study shows that there were close correlations between morphological features and carbon isotope composition in our data. This indicates that a coordinated plant response modified these parameters simultaneously across different altitudes. Around 2,800 m altitude there seems to be an optimum zone for growth and development of Q. aquifolioides, as indicated by thinner leaves, larger stomata and more negative d13C values. All available evidence indicates altitudinal gradients may have influenced the genetic variation pattern of Q. aquifolioides to some extent. Decreasing genetic variation and increasing genetic differentiation with altitude was obtained except for the WL1 population. And the environment of habitats and human disturbances were also contributing factors, which impact genetic variation pattern, especially to the low-altitude WL1 population.

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简要介绍了采用ARM7 CPU和嵌入式系统的VME式总线控制器的设计方法.三星公司的S3C4510B是一款基于ARM7内核的支持网络连接的高性能16/32位RISC处理器,我们采用它与Xilinx的XC95288XL CPLD芯片结合研制出了类似于3U的VME总线控制器,嵌入式操作系统为uClinux.该控制器主要给设备总线提供高速网络连接通道,把后台计算机数据库和前端总线设备紧密地连接起来,实现VME设备和后台数据库的信息快速交换.

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综述了蛋白质组学的主要方法和技术———双向凝胶电泳、生物质谱技术、蛋白质芯片技术,及其在肿瘤标志物的筛选和鉴定、肿瘤治疗效果的评价及肿瘤发生机制研究等方面的应用状况,并对蛋白质组学在重离子治疗中的应用进行了展望。

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介绍了兰州重离子研究装置工作场所辐射监测系统的组成及性能,通过多年的现场使用,具有良好的稳定性和抗干扰能力,可以满足大型加速器或其他核装置的现场辐射剂量监测的需要。

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The pp -> pn pi(+) reaction is a channel with the largest total cross section for pp collision in COSY/CSR energy region. In this work, we investigate individual contributions from various N* and Delta* resonances with mass up to about 2 GeV for the pp -> pn pi(+) reaction. We extend a resonance model, which can reproduce the observed total cross section quite well, to give theoretical predictions of various differential cross sections for the present reaction at T-p = 2.88 GeV. It could serve as a reference for identifying new physics in the future experiments at HIRFL-CSR.

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Thermally grown amorphous SiO2 samples were implanted at room temperature (RT) with 120 keV C-ions to a dose ranging from 1.0 x 10(16) to 8.6 x 10(17)C ions/cm(2), then irradiated at RT with 950 MeV Pb, 345 or 1754 MeV Xe ions to a fluence in the region from 1.0 x 10(11) to 3.8 x 10(12) ions/cm(2), respectively. The irradiated samples were investigated using micro-FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopes. It was found that new chemical bonds such as Si-C, C=C(O), C C and Si(C)-O-C bonds formed significantly in the C-doped SiO2 films after heavy ion irradiations. The evolution of Si-O-C bonds and possible mechanism of structural modification in C-doped SiO2 induced by swift heavy ion irradiations were discussed.

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Carboxin was synthesized and its heat capacities were measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 79 to 380K. The melting point, molar enthalpy (Delta(fus)H(m)) and entropy (Delta(fus)S(m)) of fusion of this compound were determined to be 365.29 +/- 0.06K, 28.193 +/- 0.09 kJ mol(-1) and 77.180 +/- 0.02 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. The purity of the compound was determined to be 99.55 mol% by using the fractional melting technique. The thermodynamic functions relative to the reference temperature (298.15 K) were calculated based on the heat capacity measurements in the temperature range between 80 and 360 K. The thermal stability of the compound was further investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The DSC curve indicates that the sample starts to decompose at ca. 290degreesC with the peak temperature at 292.7degreesC. The TG-DTG results demonstrate the maximum mass loss rate occurs at 293degreesC corresponding to the maximum decomposition rate. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

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采集长白山自然保护区北坡东北赤杨、西伯利亚赤杨、色赤杨根瘤样品 2 1个 ,对根瘤内FrankiaDNA的 16S -2 3SrDNA和nifD -nifK两个基因间隔区段 (IGS)进行PCR -RFLP分析 ,研究其基因多样性。结果表明 :与赤杨共生的Frankia菌存在丰富的基因多样性 ,基因类型与宿主种型关系密切。东北赤杨对Frankia的特异性较高 ,与西伯利亚赤杨和色赤杨共生的Frankia菌有较近的亲缘关系。上述结果说明Frankia菌与其宿主赤杨间存在着协同进化