Novel erbium-doped TeO2-based oxysulfide glasses: thermal and spectroscopic properties

Er3+-doped TeO2-based oxysulfide glasses have been prepared in argon atmosphere in carbon crucibles. The thermal analysis and spectroscopic properties of Er (3+) have been considered in terms of sulfide influence. As a function of composition, we have principally measured optical absorption, spontaneous emission and lifetime measurements. Judd-Ofelt theory was introduced to calculate bandwidth and emission cross-section. The results show the product FVMM x sigma(c) increase from 476.8 8 to 635.04 10(-21) cm(2) nm evidently with the addition of 10 mol% PbS into tellurite glass, which indicates a perfect effect on spectra property of Er3+ ions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fluorescence properties and laser demonstrations of Nd-doped high silica glasses prepared by sintering nanoporous glass

Porous glass with high-SiO2 content was impregnated with Nd ions, and subsequently sintered at 1100 degrees C into a compact non-porous glass in air or reducing atmosphere. Sintering in a reducing atmosphere produced an intense violet-blue fluorescence at 394 nm. However, the sintering atmospheres almost did not affect the fluorescence properties in the infrared range. A good performance Nd3+-doped silica microchip laser operating at 1064 nm was demonstrated. The Nd-doped sintering glasses with high-SiO2 content are potential host materials for high power solid-state lasers and new transparent fluorescence materials. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

不同退火气氛下γ-LiAlO2形貌和结构研究

研究了温度梯度法生长的γ-LiAlO2晶体在1100℃下富Li气氛和空气中退火处理后的表面形貌、表面结构以及吸收光谱。发现γ-LiAlO2晶体的抛光面在1100℃空气中退火后变为粗糙面，X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明此粗糙面为单相的LiAl5O8。而γ-LiAlO2晶体的抛光面在1100℃富Li气氛中处理后几乎没有变化。同时对不同气氛下热处理的γ-LiAlO2晶体进行了光谱分析，确认了晶片中196nm的吸收峰是由Li空位引起的。

Characteristics and optical spectra of V : YAG crystal grown in reducing atmosphere

A V:YAG single crystal was grown by the temperature gradient technique (TGT) with graphite-heating elements. The as-grown crystal has different colorations of light green and yellow brown in different parts. Distribution of vanadium in three samples with different colorations was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. From the absorption spectrum of the yellow-brown part with peaks at 370, 820 and 1320nm, we can deduce that the reducing atmosphere of carbon diffused from the heating elements can increase the concentration of tetrahedral V3+ ions and induce F color centers. All three samples exhibited light-green color after annealing in vacuum or H-2 atmospheres. In the vacuum annealing process, the V3+ ions in tetrahedral positions were enhanced through two methods: one method is the exchanging of octahedral V3+ and tetrahedral Al3+ ions in neighboring sites under thermal excitation, the other is that F color centers were thoroughly eliminated and the escaped free electrons could be captured by V ions with higher valance states to further improve the concentration of tetrahedral V3+ ions. Besides the two mechanisms, the H-2 annealing process greatly improved the V-tetra(3+) ions through the reduction effect of H-2. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cr4+在八面体格位中的光谱特性研究

Cr-doped and Mg, Cr-codoped Al2O3 crystals were grown by Czochralski method. The latter has a broad absorption peak in 900-1600nm region. We investigated the change of the absorption band with annealing under different atmospheres or temperatures. Through establishing a structure defect model, we successfully interpreted all the experiment results and confirmed that the extremely broad infrared absorption band belonged to Cr4+, which should occupy the octahedral sites in Al2O3.

提高生物拮抗菌对果实采后病害的生防效力研究

摘要 　　"随着人们对身体健康和环境污染的日益重视，化学农药作为控制果实采后病害的主要方法受到了很大限制，科学研究者不得不寻求更加安全有效的防治果实采后病害的新方法。生物防治以其对环境和人类健康不造成危害的优点而逐渐受到人们的青睐。然而，由于生物防治是以活菌为基础，有其局限性和时效性，单独使用拮抗菌很难达到化学药剂完全控制果实采后病害的效果，因此，提高拮抗菌的生防效力成为当今生物防治领域的研究重点。本文主要研究了拮抗菌与不同外源物质配合使用的抑病效果及协同抑病机理;拮抗菌对采前田间和采后贮藏环境条件的适应能力;以及采前应用拮抗菌对果实采后贮藏期间病害的生物防治效力。研究结果表明： 　　1、酵母拮抗菌Cryptococcus laurentii与低浓度化学杀菌剂imazalil（25g/ml）和kresoxim-methyl（50g/ml）配合使用可以显著提高对冬枣果实采后黑霉病（Alternaria alternata）和褐腐病（Monilinia fructicola）的防治效果，杀菌剂并不影响拮抗菌在冬枣果实伤口的生长动态。 　　2、酵母拮抗菌Pichia membranefaciens和C. laurentii 与钼酸铵（NH4-Mo，5 mmol/L）和碳酸氢钠（NaHCO3，2%）配合能够显著提高对甜樱桃果实采后褐腐病（M. fructicola）的抑病能力。通过in vitro和扫描电镜观察结果表明，NH4-Mo和NaHCO3能够显著地抑制病原菌M. fructicola在培养基和果实伤口的生长，具有杀菌作用。 　　3、酵母拮抗菌C. laurentii和Rhodotorula glutinis与硅酸钠（Na2SiO3）配合使用对甜樱桃果实采后青霉病（Penicillium expansum）和褐腐病（M. fructicola）以及对冬枣果实青霉病（P. expansum）和黑霉病（A. alternata）的防治效果更好。经in vitro和扫描电镜观察表明，Na2SiO3对病原菌在培养基和果实伤口的生长有明显的抑制作用。同时，Na2SiO3还能诱导果实苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和过氧化物酶（POD）等抗性相关酶活性的提高。 　　4、酵母拮抗菌R. glutinis与水杨酸（SA，0.5mmol/L）配合可显著提高对甜樱桃果实采后青霉病（P. expansum）和黑霉病（A. alternata）的抑病能力。SA不影响拮抗菌在果实伤口的生长，in vitro实验中低浓度的SA对病原菌孢子萌发和芽管伸长也没有抑制作用。SA可能是通过诱导果实产生抗性来协同提高拮抗菌的抑病效果，而不是直接抑制病原菌生长。 　　5、酵母拮抗菌C. laurentii和R. glutinis在气调（Controlled atmospheres, CA）贮藏条件下对樱桃果实采后青霉病（P. expansum）和黑霉病（A. alternata）的防治效果显著提高。气调贮藏不抑制拮抗菌在甜樱桃果实伤口的生长。 　　6、采前应用酵母拮抗菌C. laurentii 和R. glutinis能够显著抑制甜樱桃果实在采后不同贮藏环境下的发病率。拮抗菌能够在田间果实表面生长并一直保持较高的数量。在试验的三种酵母拮抗菌中，C. laurentii的防病效果最好，该菌不仅能在果实表面迅速生长，也能适应低温和CA贮藏环境。"

Planar refractive microlens arrays in indium phosphide and quartz substrates

Large-area concave refractive microlens arrays, or concave template structures, and then the non-refractive-index-gradient type of planar refractive microlens arrays in InP and quartz substrates, are fabricated utilizing the method consisting of conventional UV photolithography, thermal shaping of concave photoresist microlenses, etching with an argon ion beam of large diameter, and filling or growing optical medium structures onto the curved surfaces of preshaped concave templates. Several key conditions for fabricating concave and also planar microlenses are discussed in detail. The concave structures obtained are characterized by scanning electron microscope and surface profile measurements. The far-field optical characteristics of quartz/ZrO2 planar refractive microlens arrays have been acquired experimentally. (c) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Metal alloy and monoelemental nanoclusters in silica formed by sequential ion implantation and annealing in selected atmosphere

The preparation of metal alloy and monoelemental nanoclusters in silica by Ag, Cu ion sequential implantation and annealing in selected oxidizing or reducing atmosphere is studied. The formation of metastable Ag-Cu alloy is verified in the as-implanted samples by optical absorption spectra, selected area electron diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer spectrum. The alloy is discomposed at elevated annealing temperature in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The different effects of annealing behaviors on the Ag Cu alloy nanoclusters are investigated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dependence of intrinsic defects in ZnO films on oxygen fraction studied by positron annihilation

Defects in ZnO films grown by radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering under variable ratios between oxygen and argon gas have been investigated by using the monoenergetic positron beam technique. The dominate intrinsic defects in these ZnO samples are O vacancies (V-O) and Zn interstitials (Zn-i) when the oxygen fraction in the O-2/Ar feed gas does not exceed 70% in the processing chamber. On the other hand, zinc vacancies are preponderant in the ZnO Elms fabricated in richer oxygen environment. The concentration of zinc vacancies increases with the increasing (2) fraction. For the oxygen fraction 85%, the number of zinc vacancies that could trap positrons will be smaller. It is speculated that some unknown defects could shield zinc vacancies. The concentration of zinc vacancies in the ZnO films varies with the oxygen fraction in the growth chamber, which is in agreement with the results of photoluminescence spectra.

Influence of ambient atmosphere on the plasmon resonance absorption of Ag/SiOx(0 <= x <= 2) nanocomposite film

Nanocomposite films consisting of nanosized Ag particles embedded in partially oxidized amorphous Si-containing matrices were prepared by radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering deposition. We studied the influence of ambient atmosphere during the preparation and heat-treatment of Ag/SiOx (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 2) nanocompositefilm on its optical absorption properties. We found that the plasmon resonance absorption peak shifts to shorter wavelengths with the increasing oxygen content in the SiOx matrix. The analysis indicates that the potential barrier between Ag nanoparticles and SiOx matrix increases with the increasing x value, which will induce the surface resonance state to shift to higher energy. The electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi level of Ag nanoparticles must absorb more energy to be transferred to the surface resonance state with the increasing x value. It was also found that the plasmon resonance absorption peaks of the samples annealed in different ambient atmospheres are located at about the same position. This is because the oxidation surface layer is dense enough to prevent the oxygen from penetrating into the sample to oxidize the silicon in the inner layer.

Determination of the interdiffusion coefficients of liquid Zn and Sn using Ta/Zn-Sn/Si trilayers

In this paper we present a new method for measuring diffusion coefficients in liquid metals under convection-less conditions with solid/liquid-liquid/solid trilayer. The advantage of this kind of trilayer is that effects from gravity-induced convection and Marangoni-convection can be omitted, so that the diffusion coefficient is determined more accurately. The Ta/Zn-Sn/Si trilayer were prepared with a multi-target ion-beam sputtering deposition technique and annealed in an electric furnace under an argon atmosphere. The interdiffusion of liquid zinc and tin at 500 degrees degree C was investigated. The diffusion concentration profiles were determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The interdiffusion coefficients range from 1.0x10(-6)cm(2)/s to 2.8x10(-6)cm(2)/s, which is less than previous values measured by capillary reservoir technique under 1g-environment where various convection exist. The precise interdiffusion coefficients of liquid zinc and tin result from the removing of disturbances of various kinds of convection.