105 resultados para 495


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Cyclophilin A (CypA), a receptor for the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA), is a cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) which accelerates the cis-trans isomerization of prolyl-peptide bonds, interacts with a variety of proteins and therefore regulates their activities. One CypA (designated CfCypA) cDNA was cloned from Chlamys farreri by expressed sequence tag (EST) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The full-length cDNA of CfCypA consisted of 1,248 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA, a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 495 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 164 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence shared high similarity with CypA from the other species, indicating that CfCypA should be a new member of the CypA family. Quantitative real-time (RT) PCR was employed to assess the mRNA expression of CfCypA in various tissues and its temporal expression in haemocytes and gonad of scallops challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. The mRNA transcripts of CfCypA could be detected in all the examined tissues with highest expression level in gonad. After bacterial challenge, the expression level of CfCypA was almost unchanged in haemocytes, but up-regulated in gonad and increased to the peak (22.59-fold; P < 0.05) at 4 h post-injection, and then dropped to the original level at 8 h post-injection. These results indicated that CfCypA was constitutive expressed in haemocytes, but could be induced in gonad, and perhaps played a critical role in response to the bacterial challenge in gonad.

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The enhancing effect of lanthanum on gene expression of recombinant allophycocyanin (rAPC), a potential antitumor medicine, in Pichia pastoris was studied. PCR and sequence analysis were used in order to prove whether the APC gene had integrated into the yeast genome. The expression level of the recombinant allophycocyanin (rAPC) in BMMY medium containing LaCl3 was detected by ELISA method. The recombinant allophycocyanin was determined by Western blot. The results show that the recombinant Pichia pastoris chromosome contained allophycocyanin gene. Expression efficiency of rAPC gene in Pichia pastoris was promoted by proper LaCl3 concentration like 2, 5, 10 mmol (.) L-1, among which 5 mmol (.) L-1 was the most effective. The highest expression yield of rAPC in the BMMY medium containing 5 mmol (.) L-1 LaCl3 was 4.4 mg (.) L-1 at 48 h, that was increased by 110% compared with 2.1 mg (.) L-1 of control, in the meantime, the optimum culture time is shortened from 72 to 48 h. The result of western blot analysis indicates that the rAPC consisted of two kinds of subunits with molecular weight of 19 and 21 kDa respectively.

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Oysters are commonly found on rocky shores along China's northern coast, although there is considerable confusion as to what species they are. To determine the taxonomic status of these oysters, we collected specimens from nine locations north of the Yangtze River and conducted genetic identification using DNA sequences. Fragments from three genes, mitochondrial 165 rRNA, mitochondria! cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and nuclear 285 rRNA, were sequenced in six oysters from each of the nine sites. Phylogenetic analysis of all three gene fragments clearly demonstrated that the small oysters commonly found on intertidal rocks in north China are Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793), not C. plicatula (the zhe oyster) as widely assumed. Their small size and irregular shell characteristics are reflections of the stressful intertidal environment they live in and not reliable characters for classification. Our study confirms that the oysters from Weifang, referred to as Jinjiang oysters or C. rivularis (Gould, 1861), are C. ariakensis (Wakiya, 1929). We found no evidence for the existence of C. talienwhanensis (Crosse, 1862) and other Crassostrea species in north China. Our study highlights the need for reclassifying oysters of China with molecular data.

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比较了两种高原环境下16个春小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量、出粉率、沉淀值及粉质参数8个品质性状.结果表明:①品种间品质有明显差异;不同品种的品质对高原环境的敏感性有差异,有的品种不敏感,表现稳定.②两种高原环境间籽粒蛋白质含量无显著差异,但黄土高原的面团流变学特性明显优于青海高原的,表明青海高原不利于蛋白质质量的提高.③青海高原小麦品质育种应提高蛋白质质量,培育制作优质馒头和面条的品种,并注重弱筋小麦培育.

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在复杂制造过程中,存在质量异常预测及诊断能力弱、智能化程度低、效率低等问题。如何针对制造过程质量问题特点采用合适的预测与诊断方法,满足日益提高的过程自动化水平的要求,是该领域研究人员面临重要的亟待解决的问题。 由于模糊Petri网是模糊集理论与Petri网理论有机结合的一种网络理论,其突出优势在于知识表示、推理和处理模糊信息的能力; 目前,尽管模糊Petri网已有成功的应用案例,但仍存在某些不足,需不断地改进与完善。因此,对模糊Petri网理论方法的研究,有利于提高其知识表示能力、模糊动态推理能力、推理结果可靠性与准确性等,对模糊Petri网理论的广泛应用具有推动作用。 本文以制造过程质量问题的预测与诊断为研究和应用背景,对模糊Petri网预测与诊断方法的研究为主线,以研发的系统为辅助分析工具,重点从方法的层面上对模糊Petri网理论进行了研究和探讨。旨在进一步完善模糊Petri网相关理论,并应用于制造过程质量问题的解决,提高过程的质量监控能力、事故预防能力、缩短故障原因查找周期、提高定位准确性及可靠性奠定方法基础。 针对制造过程质量预测与诊断问题特点,在广泛阅读相关文献并深入探索的基础上,对模糊Petri网理论方法进行了较深入的研究和探讨,重点解决了以下问题: 1)模糊Petri网自动建模方法:对模糊Petri网理论研究的基础和前提是建立模糊Petri网模型。为解决当前模糊Petri网建模效率低、工作量大、易出错等问题,本文提出了模糊Petri网的自动建模方法。该方法的提出,易于保证知识库与模型库更新的同步和一致,提高了建模效率,避免了建模的人为失误。 2) 模糊Petri网参数确定:模型建立后,为实现可靠有效地推理,需进行相关参数的确定。提出了确定模糊Petri网的初始库所token的方法。通过模糊统计的方法来获得模糊token,减少确定token时的主观臆断性和不一致性,为物理量与模糊token的实时转换提供了技术支持。由于构建符合客观实际的、连续的隶属函数是确定模糊token的前提条件,本文提出采用最小二乘拟合来构造模糊隶属函数方法。该方法简单,拟合能力强,人工干预少。由于变迁阈值影响推理的正确性及可靠性,这里对阈值设定进行了初步探讨。阈值设定越高,预测及诊断的漏报率越高;反之,误报率越高。给出了阈值设定的总代价计算式,阈值选择的目标是使总代价最小。 在建立了模糊Petri网模型、确定了相关参数后,便可对异常事件进行预测及诊断推理。 3)模糊Petri网预测方法:对预测模式进行了分类与定义,便于对不同模式下进行预测分析。提出了改进的FPN四种基本推理模型,通过禁止弧的引入,避免了激发过的变迁反复被激发,减少不必要的计算,实现了推理与模型结构的一致性。从而提高了推理效率和基于规则系统的响应能力。 4)模糊Petri网诊断方法:给出了一种模糊Petri网诊断推理方法。该方法充分利用模糊Petri网自身的结构与数学特性这一突出优势,实现了并行推理。以矢量计算方式获得中间库所能力,取代了常规的搜索方式,提高了推理效率。通过引入人机交互的处理策略,减少了模糊Petri网的复杂性及规模。指出在实践中,推理方法的效率、成本及实际的应用效果, 在重要性方面,要远大于方法自身的运算效率。 5)模糊着色Petri网推理方法:在建模复杂大型系统时,为解决模糊Petri网存在模型空间过大,模型数据结构松散等问题,提出了FCPN并行推理方法及FPR与FCPN模型转换算法。提出的FCPN与现有方法的主要区别在以下方面:首先,算法实现变迁的单次激发,避免推理激发变迁的重复计算。其次,某个使能变迁前集库所中token在该变迁激发后并不移除,符合实际推理情况。此外,通过输入/输出关联矩阵计算迭代,实现了并行推理。 最后,以一典型制造过程—埋弧自动焊接过程质量问题的预测和诊断为例,来说明模糊Petri网方法的实际应用。通过系统的实现,验证了相应方法是可行的。通过模糊Petri网的预测及诊断推理,便于实现质量异常的分析、预警、处理、过程控制及数字化管理,为生产策略的调整、纠正措施的采取提供了决策依据,加快了系统响应速度。 本文研究工作重点围绕模糊Petri网理论方法展开,虽以制造过程质量问题的预测与诊断为研究和应用背景,但并不局限于该领域,是属于具有一般性的共性方法。因此,所开展的方法研究工作具有良好的科研价值和广泛的应用前景。

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在贵州喀斯特区域一块典型的退耕弃荒洼地中央和周边坡面采集了4个土壤剖面,研究土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和δ^13Corg值的变化.结果表明,坡面不同土壤层次SOC的变化范围为6.0-92.3 mg·kg^-1,并沿着土壤层次的加深迅速降低,变化幅度远远大于洼地土壤剖面(6.3-26.7 mg·kg^-1).坡面土壤δ^13Corg介于-25.103‰和-23.666‰之间,但各剖面土层内部δ^13Corg变化趋势不一致.洼地土壤δ^13Corg介于-23.495‰和-20.809‰之间,并随着土壤层次的加深δ^13Corg逐渐增加.洼地土壤剖面层次内C4-C占SOC的比例随土壤层次的加深逐渐增加,与林-农生态系统转变过程中的变化趋势相反;土壤δ^13Corg与C3-C之间呈显著相关性(R^2=0.7806,n=7),对δ^13Corg起到主要影响作用的是退耕弃荒后新加入的C3-C.

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δ^13C方法是近年来用于土壤有机质动力学研究的一种新方法,该方法除了具有^14C标记法的优点外,还具有无放射性,可以提供长期的标记,并能使所有的土壤有机质组分都能被均匀标记,相对经济、在实验地采样后直接进行研究等特殊优点,从而在土壤有机质及其组分的来源、周转和C3/C4植被的历史变化研究中得到广泛应用。随着该方法的迅速发展以及各种分析δ^13C值技术的不断改进,δ^13C方法在研究土壤过程特别是土壤碳循环中显示出新的活力。为了推动δ^13C方法在国内土壤有机质研究中的应用,本文对影响土壤有机质δ^13C值的因素、国内外近年来该方法在土壤有机质研究中的应用和δ^13C值的分析方法作了较全面的综述.

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金川Ⅱ号岩体主要由二辉橄榄岩和硫化物橄榄岩构成,中细粒含辉橄榄岩呈"上悬体"产于岩体顶部,与中粒二辉橄榄岩呈短程渐变关系,反映出岩浆或"晶粥"多期贯入的特点.在各岩相矿物之间的岩相学关系的研究基础上,结合热力学相图分析,本文认为金川Ⅱ号岩体造岩矿物的结晶顺序为:尖晶石、橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和斜长石.同时,橄榄石结晶后与母岩浆发生反应,使橄榄石颗粒变为浑圆状.此外,矿体硫化物橄榄岩、硫化物含辉橄榄岩中堆积矿物橄榄石粒度明显小于硫化物二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石粒度,暗示在"晶粥"侵入浅部岩浆房之前,深部岩浆房底部已聚集了大量的硫化物矿浆.

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自20世纪60年代以来,探索全球性气候变化规律和环境变迁史的研究工作在世界各国广泛开展。大规模的深海岩芯的研究、中国北方黄土的系统研究、大型湖泊沉积岩芯的研究及对树木年轮、泥炭、珊瑚、冰芯等“自然环境历史档案”开展的研究工作,都为重建古气候和古生态环境提供了大量的资料。洞穴化学沉积物(石笋)由于其特有的微层结构及其内的稳定氧、碳同位素和微量元素所蕴含的古气候与古生态环境信息,并且具有分布广、时间长、信息保存完整等特点,因此,它是研究地球环境变化很好的自然环境历史档案。本论文通过对凉风洞洞穴体系的综合研究和对凉风洞石笋(微层)生长特征及石笋的碳、氧稳定同位素组成的研究,系统探讨了贵州凉风洞石笋的古气候记录和古生态环境意义,得出以下主要结论:1,地表植被的类型及生物量等信息可综合反映于洞穴体系的不同组.分(气样、土样、水样)中。而洞穴的水动力条件也能很好的被洞穴滴水中所含微量(常量)元素记录。根据分析,洞穴综合体系对外界气候与生态环境的响应关系存在一定规律性。通过对比说明,我们所选的凉风洞基岩的溶蚀和缓冲对水体中的信息影响不大,即洞穴滴水较好的继承了土壤水所携带的地表气候与生态环境信息,是理想的研究对象。2.凉风洞石笋具有多个沉积旋回,不同沉积旋回的纹层组合及纹层结构存在一定的差异,指示不同的沉积环境。根据年龄数据判断,旋回①至旋回⑧之间年龄跨度为1570-8000 aBP,以呈缓平顶(柱)对称叠复状的沉积形态组合为主,示洞顶滴水量较大,滴水点相对稳定,且均匀,与全新世较为稳定的气候与环境变化的主旋律相一致。旋回⑧以下至底部石葡萄状沉积物之上部分之间年龄跨度为8000-14220 aBP,期间经历末次冰期晚期向全新世大暖期过渡,受诸如新仙女木事件(Younger Dryas)等的影响,气候变化幅度大,且经历多次反复,石笋生长的沉积学特征表现为斜锥(柱)、尖顶锥不对称叠复纹层组合,示洞顶滴水水量较小但变化较大,且洞穴滴水不稳(固)定。与此时间段内不稳定的气候与环境变化的主旋律也相一致。3.凉风洞石笋上段微层具有典型南方石笋微层发育的特性:微层发育较差,层面多弯曲,层间界面模糊等。下段因为沉积间断较多、风化层面厚及受到若干时段内碳酸钙重结晶而导致晶体穿插层位生长的影响,尽管在某些层位有微层发育,但无法对石笋微层作连续观察记录。根据高精度的石笋TIMS、ICP-MS测年数据和在显微镜下所数石笋微层数量的对比,扣除若干个沉积间断及风化层导致的微层缺失,以及显微镜下肉眼对细小微层计数的误差,我们认为,凉风洞石笋微层是年生长层的可能性较大。4,由于部分测年数据仍在测试中,目前无法精确控制石笋中沉积间断的存在导致的信息缺失,因此,我们仅仅根据部分石笋测年数据,建立了凉风洞石笋在不同时段的生长速率。全新世以来石笋的生长速率在22μm/yr-51μm/yr之间,明显高于末次冰期晚期向全新世过渡这一时间段内的石笋生长速率(16μm/yr)。这些数据间接印证了石笋生长响应于外界气候,尤其是降雨的变化。5.通过对洞穴体系的综合分析对比,我们判断凉风洞洞穴综合体系相对完整,洞穴化学沉积物的6先值较为直接的响应了土壤c压的61t值变化,即反映了地表的植被(c3植物和c;植物)的组成状况。贵州地区降雨80%集中在5-10月份,在此期间,基本受西南季风和东亚季风所控制。西南季风盛行时贵州各地的降雨频繁,是一年中雨量最集中的时期,在东亚季风影响时期,贵州多晴少雨,往往形成干早的天气。又西南季风控制区大气降雨创的值的加权平均值明显低于东亚季风控制区大气降雨δ18O值的加权平均值。因此,贵州地区年均降雨量和年均降雨δ18O值主要取决于西南(印度洋)季风的强弱:西南季风加强,降雨量增加,年均降雨剐、值偏负;西南季风减弱,降雨量减少,年均降雨δ18O值偏正。洞穴滴水的6旧O值变化基本继承了大气降水的别勿值变化。因此,对地处我国西南地区贵州南部的凉风洞,源于洞穴滴水的凉风洞石笋的别勺值变化直接响应了外界的大气降雨量的变化和西南季风与东亚季风相互的强弱交替。6.对凉风洞石笋碳、氧同位素组成的时间序列曲线作20点移动平均,发现,特别是进入全新世后,石笋的引3c值和扩、值几乎具有完全一致的同步变化,只是在变化幅度上在某些时段存在差异。说明在凉风洞石笋反映的14220-1570 aBP时间段内,尤其是10500-1570 aBP期间,本区域气候具有雨热(或干冷)同期的气候特征:在气温较高时间段,西南季风增强,气候湿润多雨,更有利于地表。植物的生长。气温降低时,随着东亚季风增强,西南季风减弱,气候干旱少雨,地表C;植物的生长占有一定的比例。据此重建和恢复了本地区14220-1570 aBP期间的古气候和古生态环境:(1).14220-10500aBP,处于末次冰期晚期,气温较低。凉风洞石笋此时段的司、值都大于-9.8‰,最小值为-9.31‰,最大值达-7.290‰,平均值为-8.552‰。说明凉风洞洞穴地表的生长植被。植物占有一定的组分,石笋的δ18C值受C3植物和C4植物的共同影响。此时段内石笋6、值也存在一定的波动(-5.651‰-6.942‰),考虑到末次冰期晚期先全新世过渡期间气温变幅较大,O'Neil等(1969)所建立的氧同位素平衡分馏方程中的温度变化已不能忽略,并且大气降雨的温度效应作用也比较明显,因此我们对此时段的季风和大气降雨量的变化不作讨论。(2). 10500-9300 aBP,新仙女木事件结束,进入全新世,气温逐渐回升。凉风洞石笋此时段的扩3c值大都小于-9.8‰,最小值为-10.377‰,最大值为-9.267‰,平均值为-9.910‰。凉风洞洞穴地表植被已逐渐由C3植物占主导。此时段石笋δ18C值明显卜降,最小值为-7.420‰,最大值为-6.077‰,平均值为-6.854‰。反映在全新世早期夏季风盛行,降雨量较大,西南季风对本地区全年降雨贡献率大。(3).9300-8300 aBP,经历一段明显温度波动变化。仟3c值在-9.8‰上下波动,最小值为-10.155‰,最大值为-9.096‰,平均值为-9.712‰。凉风洞洞穴地表植被C4植物所占比例存在反复。此时段石笋岁a0值变化幅度不是很大,最小值为-6.796‰,最大值为-6.260‰,平均值为-6.490‰。受冬季风影响,夏季风有一定的减弱,总体降雨量一般,东亚季风对本地区全年降雨贡献率比全新世初期有所增大。(4).8300-3l000BP,俗称全新世大暖期,此时段全球气温明显回升,石笋δ18C值总体逐渐降低,最小值为-n.926编,平均值为-10.496‰。凉风洞洞穴地表植被基本由C3植物所控制。但在扩飞值总体逐渐降低的趋势一F,也存在若干扩3c值明显增大时段,如7700-6700 aBP时段,61七值最大值达-8.110‰,地表C4植物所占比例已不能忽略。此时段石笋6150值变化幅度较大,最小值为-7.373‰,最大值为-5.047‰,平均值为-6.261‰。反映在全新世大暖期的大背景下西南季风和东亚季风的交替以及大气降雨量的变化存在较大的波动,说明了季风气候的不稳定性。(5).3100-1570 aBP,在3100aBP前后,凉风洞石笋的δ18C值和δ18O值均急剧上升,标志进入晚全新世。此时段气温变幅很大,δ18C值总体虽然仍偏低,平均值为-10.275‰,但刻畜介于-6.495-12.097‰之间;δ18C值平均值为-6.184‰,变幅介于-4.677-8.65‰之间,均超过以往任何时段。此时段凉风洞洞穴地表植被基本上仍然由C。植物所控制,始于3100 aBP的急速降温事件使得在全新世晚期开始时段C4植物所占比例有一定的上升。此时段内西南季风和东亚季风反复多次交替,大气降雨量存在较大幅度的变化,说明了季风气候在此时段的很不稳定性。对于169于巧70 oBP百年时间段内石笋的δ18C值和司、值巨大幅度的急剧升高,有待进一步研究,也不排除石笋表层长期裸露受外界污染所致。

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General expressions used for extracting the orientation and alignment parameters of a symmetric top molecule from laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) intensity are derived by employing the density matrix approach. The molecular orientation and alignment are described by molecular state multipoles. Excitation and detection are circularly and linearly polarized lights, respectively. In general cases, the LIF intensity is a complex function of the initial molecular state multipoles, the dynamic factors and the excitation-detection geometrical factors. It contains a population, ten orientation and fourteen alignment multipoles. The problem of how to extract the initial molecular state multipoles from the resolved LIF intensity is discussed.

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In the present study, 520 questionnaires about general self–efficacy, achievement goal orientation, learning motivation and time management were delivered to university students. The students were randomly chosen from Communication University of China, Central University of Finance and Economics, Capital University of Business and Economics and Shanxi University. 495 responses were valid , in which 225 majoring in liberal arts and 270 majoring in natural sciences. The influences of these four factors on students’ academic achievements were explored. And the gender differences in General self-efficacy, achievement goal orientation, learning motivation and time management were analyzed in the present study too. It was found that: 1) There were gender difference on academic achievements. The scores’ of female students were higher than males’. 2) Significant gender differences were found in four considered factors which indicated that female students got higher scores than male students; 3) There were close relations between the four considered factors and students’ academic achievements. There were also obvious relations among the four factors. 4) University students’ academic achievements could be well predicted by their general self-efficacy, achievement goal orientation, learning motivation and time management.