金属薄膜单轴拉伸过程中的等效性能研究

关注单轴拉伸条件下裂纹萌生扩展阶段的金属薄膜性能变化.通过运用Parallel、Maxwell和Hashin-Shtrikman等效理论,建立拉伸过程中金属薄膜的裂纹模型,得出了电阻值与应变的关系,并与现有实验结果进行了比较.结果表明, Maxwell等效理论条件下的理论值与实验结果吻合较好.然后运用有限元计算,比较了拉伸能量法和均匀化方法在计算等效弹性模量时的准确性,最后建立了等效电阻和等效弹性模量以及损伤变量的关联.

运用含有偶氮苯的自组装单层膜在光化学条件下可逆地控制细胞黏附

细胞生物学研究的一个重要方向是动态地控制细胞在基底上的黏附。最近，随着表面化学的研究深入，尤其是对烷基硫醇在金基底上形成自组装单层膜（self-assembled monolayers, SAMs）这一体系的研究，使得人们能在分子水平的表面上控制细胞黏附。精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸（arginine-glycine-aspartate, RGD）序列首先是从细胞外基质蛋白中分离出来的，能够识别并非共价结合细胞膜表面的整合素受体，从而促进细胞黏附。以前的一些工作已经证实，将含有RGD的肽链连接到SAMs表面之后，能够生物特异性地黏附动物细胞。已有的手段比如光照、电压、加热、微电极、微流控以及表面纳米形貌的梯度变化，都不能真正实现可逆地控制细胞黏附，原因是这些方法所用的化学有限；这些方法也不能得到完全抗拒细胞黏附的表面，原因是这些方法产生的表面缺陷等不完整。用两种不同波长的光（紫外光和可见光）照射偶氮苯，偶氮苯会发生可逆的光致异构变化，因此，偶氮苯的光致异构性质可以用来可逆地控制细胞在表面黏附。运用含有偶氮苯的混合SAMs，偶氮苯的末端连接GRGDS肽，混合SAMs中是以末端为六聚乙二醇的硫醇为背景，该SAMs修饰而成的表面能够黏附或者抗拒细胞黏附，其表面黏附性质取决于SAMs中偶氮苯的构象。该方法提供了一种在分子水平的表面上我们所了解到的唯一能可逆控制细胞黏附的方法，该方法需要用到的光源来自于标准荧光显微镜所配置的汞灯。 为了实现在金基底表面可逆的控制细胞黏附，我们合成了如下三个化合物： 由于化合物1的溶解性很差，几乎在所有溶剂里都不溶，所以不能直接用化合物1制备SAMs；化合物2能高效地抗拒细胞的黏附；化合物3的偶氮苯末端是活化酯，能够连接GRGDS肽，从而控制细胞黏附。 将化合物2和化合物3以一定的比例均匀混合在金基底表面形成SAMs，然后将GRGDS肽连接到偶氮苯(反式)的末端（通过GRGDS肽的甘氨酸上的伯胺基与偶氮苯末端的活化酯反应），从而得到细胞黏附的表面。用紫外光照射该细胞黏附表面5-10小时，随着偶氮苯的构象由反式变为顺式，偶氮苯末端的GRGDS肽淹没在化合物2的六聚乙二醇中，得到抗拒细胞黏附的惰性表面。再用可见光照射该惰性表面1个小时，随着偶氮苯的构象由顺式变为反式，原先埋没在六聚乙二醇中的GRGDS肽伸展至单层膜的末端，又得到了细胞黏附的表面。因此，该表面能完全可逆地控制细胞在金表面黏附。 An important area in cell biology is the dynamic control of cell adhesion on substrates. Recent advancements in surface chemistry, in particular, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on gold substrates, have permitted unprecedented control of cell adhesion via molecularly defined surfaces. The tri-peptide sequence arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD), initially isolated from the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, can recognize and non-covalently bind with integrin receptors on cell membranes to promote cell adhesion. Some previous work has demonstrated that RGD peptide grafted on SAMs can allow bio-specific adhesion of mammalian cells that mimic natural adhesion. Existing technologies such as light, voltage, heat, microelectrodes, microfluidic systems and surface gradient of nanotopography, either cannot realize fully reversible control of cell adhesion, due to the limitation in the chemistry used, or cannot yield a surface completely resistant against cell adhesion, due to the imperfection of surfaces. Azobenzenes undergo reversible photo-induced isomerization rapidly at two different wavelengths of light (UV and visible light), it therefore potentially allows the reversible control of cell adhesion on a surface. By using a mixed SAMs presenting azobenzene groups terminated in GRGDS peptides in a background of hexa(ethylene glycol) groups, the surface can either accommodate or resist cell adhesion depending on the conformation of the azobenzene embedded in SAMs. This method provides the only means we know to control cell adhesion reversibly on a molecularly well-defined surface by using light generated by a mercury lamp equipped on standard fluorescence microscopes. To realize the reversible control of cell adhesion on gold surface, we synthesized three kinds of compounds as following, We found that it was difficult to obtain SAMs directly from compound 1 because of its poor solubility in almost all kinds of solvents; compound 2 can resist cell adhesion efficiently; compound 3 presents an azobenzene terminated with NHS-activated ester, which can couple with a GRGDS peptide to control cell adhesion. After coating a gold surface with compound 2 and 3 in appropriate ratios to form a SAM followed by coupling the GRGDS peptides with NHS-activated esters at the end of azobenzene (E configuration) resulted in a cell-adhesive SAM. Irradiating this cell-adhesive SAM with UV light for 5-10 h converted the E configuration of azobenzene into the Z form, the GRGDS peptides becoming masked in the PEG, resulting in a cell-resistant surface. These SAM could again support cell adhesion as a result of the conformational switch of azobenzene from Z to E with the irradiation of visible light for 1 h. This surface, therefore, allows completely reversible control of cell adhesion on a gold surface.

碳离子束辐照对甜高梁节间参数的影响

研究了碳离子柬辐照剂量对甜高粱节间数的影响及辐照后不同节间长度、节间重量及糖锤度的变化规律。结果表明:(1)不同的辐照剂量对节问数影响差异不显著(p>0.05);(2)和对照BJ0601相比,碳离子束辐照后,KFJT-1的节间长度、节间重量及节间糖锤度的平均值均有所增加,增加量的平均值分别为0.6cm,18.9g,0.79%。

离子辐照后4H-SiC晶体退火前后的光谱研究

分析了高能Pb27+辐照预注入12C+的和未预注入12C+ 4H-SiC样品在,退火前后傅立叶变换红外光谱和拉曼散射光谱的变化。从傅立叶变换红外光谱可以知道,900℃以上的退火使损伤层发生显著恢复;在拉曼散射光谱中可以看到1200℃退火后有石墨相的存在。实验结果说明,高温退火有利于损伤的恢复,使注入到碳化硅中的碳原子发生聚集并引起相变。

轻丰中子核反应中子集团产生截面的理论研究

采用Boltzmann-Langevin方程研究了能量为35MeV／u的14Be,8He,6He,11Li,17B,11Be,19C与 12C靶的反应,计算了产生中子集团的截面,发现14Be与12C靶反应产生4n的截面与实验值符合得很好．通过这几个入射核与12C靶形成中子集团截面的对比,发现核的晕中子越多产生中子集团的截面越大,晕中子数相同时,质量数越大产生中子集团的截面越大．中子集团可能主要来自晕核子．

HIRFL-CSRm内靶实验终端上TPC性能的Monte-Carlo研究

基于Monte Carlo方法对HIRFL CSRm上的TPC的性能进行了模拟.研究了磁场、读出电极几何尺寸、灵敏丝距以及读出电极平面与灵敏丝平面之间的距离等参数对TPC性能的影响,给出了TPC的一些最佳设计参数.

重离子辐照春麦稳定后代品质和贮藏蛋白的变化

低能重离子辐照春麦定西 2 4,经过多年选择获得了稳定的两个后代 1 1 8和1 1 9。品质测定和种子贮藏蛋白分析表明 :1 )同定西 2 4相比 ,1 1 8的蛋白质含量提高了 1个百分点 ,1 1 8和 1 1 9的SDS沉降值都有所升高 ;2 )在和面仪曲线分析中 ,两个品质的和面时间和 7分钟带宽均有所下降 ,而峰高和 7分钟尾高 ,1 1 8增加 ,1 1 9降低 ;3 )辐照后代的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基类型没有改变 ,但其相对含量发生了很大变化 ;4)低分子量麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白区表现了新带产生和旧带消失的较大改变。品质性状及贮藏蛋白的变化为重离子辐照小麦材料实现高产、优质的结合提供了机会

Topological objects in two-gap superconductor

We discuss the non-Abelian topological objects, in particular the non-Abrikosov vortex and the magnetic knot made of the twisted non-Abrikosov vortex, in two-gap superconductor. We show that there are two types of non-Abrikosov vortex in Ginzburg-Landau theory of two-gap superconductor, the D-type which has no concentration of the condensate at the core and the N-type which has a non-trivial profile of the condensate at the core, under a wide class of realistic interaction potential. We prove that these non-Abrikosov vortices can have either integral or fractional magnetic flux, depending on the interaction potential. We show that they are described by the non-Abelian topology pi(2)(S-2) and pi(1)(S-1), in addition to the well-known Abelian topology pi(1)(S-1). Furthermore, we discuss the possibility to construct a stable magnetic knot in two-gap superconductor by twisting the non-Abrikosov vortex and connecting two periodic ends together, whose knot topology pi(3)(S-2) is described by the Chern-Simon index of the electromagnetic potential. We argue that similar topological objects may exist in multi-gap or multi-layer superconductors and multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluids, and discuss how these topological objects can be constructed in MgB2, Sr2RuO4, He-3, and liquid metallic hydrogen.