非束缚核~(11)N共振能级研究

简要回顾了目前有关非束缚态核11N的实验研究现状,并根据GANIL和MSU的逆运动学弹性 共振散射实验的结果,用多能级R矩阵理论拟合了散射质子的激发函数共振峰．拟合结果表明,新的 11N能级顺序应为:1/2+,1/2-,5/2+,3/2+,3/2-,5/2+,7/2-,同镜像核11Be的实验测量结果和GCM 理论计算11N的能级顺序相一致．

在πh_(11/2)νi_(13/2)扁椭球转动带中观测到旋称反转

利用160Gd(35Cl,5nγ)190Tl反应研究了双奇核190Tl的高自旋态,建立了由πh9/2?νi13/2扁椭球转动带和一个具有单粒子激发特征的级联组成的190Tl能级纲图.确定地指定了190Tl扁椭球转动带的自旋值,首次发现了190Tlπh9/2?νi13/2扁椭球转动带的低自旋旋称反转.基于双奇核Tl能级结构的相似性,重新指定了双奇核192~200Tlπh9/2?νi13/2扁椭球转动带能级自旋值,在这些扁椭形变核中均出现了低自旋旋称反转.考虑了p-n剩余相互作用的2-准粒子-转子模型能够定性地解释πh9/2?νi13/2扁椭球转动带出现的低自旋旋称反转现象.

2006年3月11日南京“泥雨”降尘特征及其粉尘来源

对２００６年春季南京地区一次“泥雨”形式的湿降尘特征进行了系统分析，并在此基础上对泥雨粉尘来源及泥雨降尘形成机制进行了探讨.

晕核~(11)Be和~(11)Li的能谱

基于自相似结构壳模型,并考虑到单粒子轨道的均方根半径的振动,提出了尺度共振模型。在尺度共振模型中,考虑了晕中子轨道的尺度共振和核实表面的尺度共振。用尺度共振模型成功地计算了~(11)Be和~(11)Li的激发谱。

Measurement of total reaction cross section for neutron-rich nucleus Li-11 on Si-28 target at medium energy

The neutron-rich nucleus Li-11 is separated by the radioactive ion beam line RIBLL at HIRFL from the breakup of 50MeV/u C-13 on Be target. The total reaction cross sections for Li-11 at energies range from 25 to 45MeV/u on Si target have been measured by using the transmission method. The experimental data at high and low energies can be fitted well by Glauber model using two Gauss density distribution. The matter radius of Li-11 was also deduced.

Multi-electron processes in 4.15-11.08 keV/u(13)C(6+) on argon collisions

The relative partial cross sections for C-13(6+)-Ar collisions at 4.15-11.08 keV/u incident energy are measured. The cross-section ratios sigma(2E)/sigma(SC), sigma(3E)/sigma(SC), sigma(4E)/sigma(SC) and sigma(5E)/sigma(SC) are approximately the constants of 0.51 +/- 0.05, 0.20 +/- 0.03, 0.06 +/- 0.03 and 0.02 +/- 0.01 in this region. The significance of the multi-electron process in highly charged ions (HCIs) with argon collisions is demonstrated (sigma(ME)/sigma(SC) as high as 0.79 +/- 0.06). In multi-electron processes, it is shown that transfer ionization is dominant while pure electron capture is weak and negligible. For all reaction channels, the cross-sections are independent of the incident energy in the present energy region, which is in agreement with the static characteristic of classic models, i.e. the molecular Coulomb over-the-barrier model (MCBM), the extended classical over-the-barrier (ECBM) and the semiempirical scaling laws (SL). The result is compared with these classical models and with our previous work of C-13(6+)-Ne collisions

Multi-electron processes in C-13(6+) ions with neon collisions in energy region 4.15-11.08 keV/u

The cross-section ratios of double-, triple-, quadruple-, and the total multi-electron processes to the single electron capture process sigma(DE)/sigma(SC), sigma(TE)/sigma(SC), sigma(QE)/sigma(SC) and sigma(ME)/sigma(SC)) as well as the relative ratios among reaction channels in double-electron active, triple-electron active and quadruple- electron active are measured in C-13(6+) -Ne collision in the energy region of 4.15-11.08 keV/u by employing position-sensitive and time-of-flight coincident techniques. It is determined that the cross-section ratios sigma(DE)/sigma(SC), sigma(TE)/sigma(SC), sigma(QE)/sigma(SC) and sigma(ME)/sigma(SC) are approximately the constants of 0.20 +/- 0.03, 0.16 +/- 0.04, 0.06 +/- 0.02 and 0.42 +/- 0.05. These values are obviously smaller than the predictions of the molecular Coulomb over-the-barrier model (MCBM) [J. Phys. B 23 (1990) 4293], the extended classical over-the-barrier model (ECBM) [J. Phys. B 19 (1986) 2925] and the semiempirical scaling laws (SL) [Phys. Rev. A 54 (1996) 4127]. However, the relative ratios among partial processes of DE, TE and QE are found to depend on collision energy, which suggests that the collision dynamics depends on the collision velocity. The limitation of velocity-independent character of ECBM, MCBM and SL is undoubtedly shown.

Study of unbound nuclei N-11 resonance energy level

The excitation functions of elastic scattering proton which were measured with inverse kinematics of elastic resonance scattering reactions in GANIL and MSU have been fitted by the multi-energy level R-matrix theory. The final result shows that the new energy levels order for nucleus N-11 should be 1/2(+), 1/2(-), 5/2(+), 3/2(+), 3/2(-), 5/2(+), 7/2(-), which is consistent with the experimental results of Be-11 (the mirror nucleus of N-11) and the theoretical calculation of N-11 with GCM theory.

Shell effect on stabilization processes following multi-electron transfer in slow Arq+-Ar (g=6-9, 11) collisions

We experimentally investigate the shell effect on the stabilization processes following the multi-electron transfer in slow collisions of Arq+-Ar (q = 6-9, It) The relative cross-section ratios of multi-electron transfer and of the subsequent stabilization with respect to single-electron capture are measured meanwhile compared with the theoretical results predicted by the classical over-barrier model. Our result indicates that the multi-electron transfer is dominant when the projectile charge is large and the subsequent stabilization shows a dramatic variation if the projectile L-shell configuration becomes open. It shows that the subsequent stabilization processes of multiply excited scattering ions have a strong dependence on the projectile shell. (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved.

Biosorption of uranium by chemically modified Rhodotorula glutinis

The present paper reports the biosorption of uranium onto chemically modified yeast cells, Rhodotorula glutinis, in order to study the role played by various functional groups in the cell wall. Esterification of the carboxyl groups and methylation of the amino groups present in the cells were carried out by methanol and formaldehyde treatment, respectively. The uranium sorption capacity increased 31% for the methanol-treated biomass and 11% for the formaldehyde-treated biomass at an initial uranium concentration of 140 mg/L The enhancement of uranium sorption capacity was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, with amino and carboxyl groups were determined to be the important functional groups involved in uranium binding. The biosorption isotherms of uranium onto the raw and chemically modified biomass were also investigated with varying uranium concentrations. Langmuir and Freundlich models were well able to explain the sorption equilibrium data with satisfactory correlation coefficients higher than 0.9. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

奇奇核158Ho和124Cs高自旋态的实验研究

奇奇核作为研究准质子和准中子间相互作用的独特侯选核，近年来，人们给予了越来越多的关注。奇奇核高j组态带中观测到的低自旋旋称反转现象(Signature inversion)已成为原子核高自旋态领域中一个十分活跃的研究课题。近十年来，一系列基于二准粒子加转子模型框架的计算结果表明，奇奇核中这两个准粒子之间的相互作用与旋称反转现象的发生密切相关。相对于偶偶核和奇A核，奇奇核的能级结构更复杂一些，实验上对其高自旋态的研究比较困难，这主要体现在实验上所提供的许多奇奇核的能级纲图存在着一定程度的不确定性，例如能级的激发能位置、转动带的组态、自旋和宇称的指定，甚至在纲图结构、级联系列的核素归属等方面都有一些问题。其中，转动带能级自旋的指定直接关系到准粒子能量的劈裂属性(即正常劈裂还是反常劈裂、旋称反转发生在低自旋区还是高自旋区及旋称反转的发生位置等)：自旋的奇偶性定错了，会导致本来是反转的旋称劈裂变成不反转的(反之亦然)；自旋值定错了△I，会导致旋称反转的位置发生相应的漂移。由于实验上奇奇核转动带能级自旋指定的混乱局面，掩盖了旋称反转现象的客观规律，使得相关理论模型的计算结果得不到及时检验。基于激发能系统学分析方法、以顺排角动量相加性为判据，我们曾对A～160轻稀土区的πhl_(11/2)direct X vi_(13/2)转动带(17个核素)和A～130过渡区的πh_(11/2)direct XVh_(ll/2)转动带(20个核素)进行了系统研究，对其中20个核的自旋数据提出质疑、并提出了相应的修正方案，在此基础上总结了两核区旋称反转现象的系统规律。利用激发能系统学方法指定奇奇核转动带的能级自旋，主要遵循以下三点原则：①自旋奇偶性：根据推转壳模型的描述，当准粒子处于优惠态(Favored)时、较非优惠态(Unfavored)具有更大的顺排角动量。这样，通过对转动带中两signature分支系列的i_x大小的比较，可以辅助推断能级自旋的奇偶性；②顺排角动量相加性：在忽略p-n剩余相互作用条件下，奇奇核中总的顺排角动量近似等于相邻奇A核中相应组态带提取的准粒子顺排角动量之和。这样，利用i_x对自旋值比较敏感的特点，可以推断出能级自旋取值的大致范围；③激发能系统性分析：由于集体转动反映大量核子的集体行为，少数核子的改变不会对这种运动产生明显影响，利用转动惯量的组态相关特性，在一组同位素或同中子素系列链中，对应一定内禀结构的转动带，随着质子数或中子数的均匀递增，能级能量应表现光滑的变化趋势(即不发生突变)。这三个方面基于不同角度、相对独立地指定转动带自旋。其结论的统一、往往可以给出正确的自旋数据。然而，必须指出的是：系统学分析过程是一种经验方法，并不具有严格的理论基础，上述的自旋修正以及总结出的旋称反转规律，必须得到实验核谱学测量的支持。基于这一思想，针对两核区，我们分别选择情况较为阿典型的奇奇核~(158)Ho和~(124)Cs进行了集中的实验测量。本论文的主要研究目标就是要建立两核中晕带与低激发态或基态的联系，找出原纲图中错误自旋指定的原因所在，验证系统学结论的有效性，并用旋称反转的实验规律性对理论模型的系统计算结果进行检验。(一)奇奇核~(158)58Ho高自旋态的实验研究在原子能研究院的HI-13串列加速器上，通过~(152)Sm(~(11)B，5nγ)~(158)Ho融合蒸发反应(束流轰击能E_(lab)=60 MeV)、对目标核~(158)Ho的高自旋态进行布居。探测阵列由八个高纯锗探测器构成，为了提高低能射线的收集效率，使用了一个平面型高纯锗探测器。分别进行了激发函数曲线测量、γ-γ-t符合测量和剩余放射性测量。数据反演后，两重符合总记数～120x10~6。实验结果概括如下：1．建立了基态带，组态指定为：{πh_(11/2)[523]7／2-direct Xvh_(9/2)[521]3／2~-}K~π=5~+；2．建立了一个强度仅次于晕带的强耦合带结构(亚晕带：yrare band)。通过转动参数、跃迁几率、顺排角动量、带交叉频率等特征参量的分析，其组态指定为：{πg_(7／2)[404】7／2]~+ direct X vi_(3／2)[651]3／2~+}K~π=5~+。 尽管该带带头附近的结构还不完整，但观测到了带内几条能级退激、分别贯入到晕带和基态带，从而将晕带和亚晕带同基态联系起来，固定了晕带和亚晕带中能级的激发能位置，并通过对这些连接跃迁多极性的分析，指定了两个带中的能级自旋和宇称；3.晕带(πh_(11/2)direct X vi~(13/2))向高自旋端拓展了7条能级，最高自旋态达到26h，激发 能4．9MeV。肯定了原纲图中不确定的617kev跃迁的存在和放置，观测到了反转点(I_(inv.)≈16h)，肯定了系统学研究对该核的自旋修正。基于本实验建立的连接关系，晕带中观测到的最低态(即70.8kev跃迁贯入能级)激发能为207．6kev，而对应该能级，原纲图中激发能为156．9kev。这意味着原能级纲图中，晕带向基态退激途径中漏掉了一个～5lkeV的"能隙"(Energy gap)，自旋差|△I|=3。根据晕带与退激5-同质异能态的跃迁(156．9kev)的快符合关系，该"能隙"至少由两个跃迁构成。该结果否定了原纲图中对晕带带头处理的三种可能性(①70．8kev为连接跃迁，其退激的能级为带头；②70．8kev为带内跃迁，156．9kev、5-同质异能态为带头：⑨70．8kev为带内跃迁，156．9kev、5-同质异能态为带头，但带头附近仍存在尚未观测的跃迁)。不确切的连接关系是过去实验中无法正确指定晕带自旋的原因；4．建立了一个强耦合的转动带结构，其能级间距(跃迁E_γ)随角动量的增加均匀递增，组态指定为{πh_(11/2)[523]7／2~-direct Xvh_(11/2)[505]11／2~-}K~π=9~+；同时，观测到了另一高K激发态退激到该转动带。其内禀结构指定为：{πg_(7／2)[404]7／2~+direct Xvh_(11/2)[505]1 l／2~-}K~π=9~-；5．建立了基于156．9 kev(I~π=5~-、T_(1/2)=29 ns)同质异能态上的转动带，该带观测完整，具有较强耦合的结构特点。其内禀准粒子轨道指定为：{πh_(11/2)[523]_(7／2)~-direct X vd_(3／2)[402]3／2~+}K~π=5~-，与处于较低激发能(67．3 kev)的2~-态(T_(1／2)=27 min．)构成了一对GM伙伴态。否定了过去的实验中把该态指定为{πg_(7/2)~2+direct Xvh_(9/2)[521]3／2~-}K~π=2~-组态；6．观测到了一个基于65．5 kev激发态的转动带，通过理论模型预言的带头激发能及转动参数与实验值的比较、考虑到其较弱的布居强度和很低的顺排角动量、以及较强耦合的结构特点， 其组态指定为： {πd~(5／2)[402]5／2~direct X vh_(9／2)[521]3／2~-}K~π=4~-。这一结果肯定了过去放射性测量中对处于较高激发能(139．2 kev)、T_(1／2)=1．85 ns、I~π=1~-激发态的讨论，即二者构成了一对GM伙伴态；7．建立了基于{πh_(11／2)[523]7／2~-direct X v_(7／2)[523]5／2~-}K~π=6~+激发态的强耦合转动带结构，其带头激发能为450．1 kev，与I~π=1~+、激发能为146．9 kev的同质异能态构成了一对GM伙伴态；8．在过去的放射性衰变测量中，提供了三个2~+激发态(激发能分别为117．7 kev、74．95 kev和316 kev)。其中两个2~+态(117．7和74．95 kev)同时指定具有{πh_(11／2)[523↑]7／2~-direct X vh_(9／2)[521↓]3／2~-}K~π=2~+组态。这里，我们指定1 17．7 kev的2~+激发态为{πg_(7／2)[404↓]7／2~+ direct X vi_(l3／2)[651↓]3／2~+}K~π=2+组态，即与本实验建立的亚晕带内禀激发态构成了一对GM伙伴态，而74．95 kev的2~+激发态指定为 {πh_(11/2)[523↑]7／2~-direct X vh_(9/2)[521↓]3／2~-}K~π=2~+组态，即与基态构成了一对GM伙伴态。基于本实验中K~π=9~+激发态的观测及其转动带的建立，我们指定激发能为3 1 6 kev的2~+激发态具有{πh_(11/2)[523↓]7／2~-direct X vh_(11/2)[505个]1 1／2~-}K~π=2~+组态，即这两个态构成了一对GM伙伴态；9．通过本实验、提供了~(158)Ho中各能态的跃迁强度和跃迁几率等数据。概括起来，奇奇核~(158)Ho的能级纲图大大完善了。综合本实验观测到的高自旋转动带结构和放射性测量中的部分激发态信息，我们可以整理出10对GM伙伴态，并提供了四个分别对应自旋平行和反平行耦合的GM能量漂移(GM Shift)，即：{πh_(ll／2)[523]7／2~-direct Xvh_(9／2)[521]3／2~-}K~π=5~+、2~+，EGM=101．4 kev；{πh_(11/2)[523] 7／2~-direct X vd_(3／2)[402]3／2~+}K~π=5~-、2~-，E_(GM)=64．1 kev；{πd_(5/2)[402]5／2~+direct X vh_(9／2)[521]3／2~-}K~π =4~-、1~-，E_(GM)=113．3 kev；{πh_(11/2)[523]7／2~-direct Xvf_(7/2)[523]5／2~-}K~π=6~+、1~+，EGM=255．7 keV。(二)奇奇核~(124)Cs高自旋态的实验研究在原子能院的HI-13串列加速器上，利用~（116）Sn（~（11)B，3nγ)~(124)Cs融合蒸发反应(束流轰击能E_(lab.)=45 MeV)，对奇奇核~(124)Cs的高自旋态进行了布居。探测阵列由10个高纯锗探测器和一个小平面探测器组成。数据反演后，总的两重符合事件数达到160x10~6。实验结果概括如下：1．高自旋转动带的信息更丰富了：建立了三个新的转动带结构，其中两个耦合带、一个退耦带，组态分别为：{πh_(11／2)[550]1／2~- direct X vhd_(5/2)[413]5／2~+}K~π=3~-、{πg_(7／2)[413]5／2~+direct X vg_(7/2)[402】5／2~+}K~π=5~+以及{πh_(11/2)[550]1／2~- direct X vd_(3/2)[400]l／2~+}K~π=1~-；2．低激发态的信息更丰富了：观测到了20多条新的低激发态跃迁，增加了10多个新的低激发态；3．转动带之间以及转动带与低激发态间耦合的信息大大丰富了：在过去的研究中观测到了三个彼此孤立、悬空的转动带结构，这里指定它们的组态为：{πh_(11／2) [550]1／2~-direct X vh_(11/2)[523]7／2~-}K~π=4~+(晕 带) ； {πh_(11/2)[550]1／2~- (direct X)vg_(7/2)[402]5/2~+}K~π=3~-(亚晕带：布居强度仅次于晕带)；{πh_(11/2)[550]1/2~-(direct X)vs_(1/2)[411]1／2~+}K~π=1~-(双退耦结构)。其中，亚晕带(yrare band)通过至少三个独立的退激路径与低激发态联系起来；同时，建立了晕带与亚晕带间的多条连接关系。其它转动带分别与晕带和亚晕带联系起来，从而，在奇奇核~(124)Cs中，转动带的"悬空"不再存在，限定了各转动带中能级的激发能位援，并通过这些连接跃迁多极性的分析，分别指定了各能态的自旋和宇称。4．基于本实验建立的连接关系，晕带的最低态(124kev射线贯入能级)的激发能为618．9kev，该能量值比过去研究中的同一能级高出11．7kev。这表明原能级纲图中晕带的退激途径漏掉了一个11．7kev的"能隙"(根据Weisskopf估计，该能隙很可能由两个偶极跃迁构成)。该"能隙"的漏观测，正是导致过去实验中无法正确指定晕带自旋的原因所在；

Sn-modified Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts for selective hydroisomerization of n-paraffins

The hydroconversion of n-paraffins is a key reaction in hydrodewaxing of lubricating base oil. In this paper, we investigate the performance of Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts for isomerization of n-paraffins by the model compound of n-dodecane. Under this experimental condition, yields of feed isomers as well as cracking products are a function of the total n-dodecane conversion. Primary products are methylundecane while multi-brancheds and cracking products are formed in successive reactions. The result shows that the addition of Sn increases the selectivity for isomerization reaction. The most ideal experimental data for hydroconversion of n-dodecane is that the selectivity of isomerized products gets 90% when conversion of n-dodecane is 90% for the Sn-promoted Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst.

Heat capacity and enthalpy of fusion of penconazole (C13H15C12N3)

Low-temperature heat capacities of penconazole (C13H15Cl2N3) were precisely measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature rang from 78 to 364 K. The sample was observed to melt at 332.38 +/- 0.06 K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the compound were determined to be 33580 +/- 11 J mol(-1), 101.03 +/- 0.02 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. Further research of the melting process for this compound was carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The result was in agreement with that obtained from the measurements of heat capacities. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mn-containing AlPO-11 and SAPO-11 catalysts for simultaneous isomerization and dehydrogenation of n-butane

MnAPO-11 and MnAPSO-11 were synthesized hydrothermally, and supported Mn-AlPO-11 and Mn-SAPO-11 were also prepared for comparison. Characterization results showed that there were differences in acidity and reducibility caused by the different incorporation methods of manganese. The manganese species in the samples also weakened the metallic properties of the palladium particles when the latter was added into the catalysts. Catalytic testing results for dehydroisomerization of n-butane indicated that incorporation of manganese increased the selectivity toward isomerization products. The highest isobutene selectivity (34.86%) could be obtained over a Pd/MnAPO-11 catalyst. When a combined catalyst system containing Pd/SAPO-11 and MnAPSO-11 was used in a single bed of two layers, the isobutene selectivity could be greatly improved, as compared to the single catalyst alone.