Investigation of mode characteristics for microdisk resonators by S-matrix and three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain technique

The mode characteristics of a three-dimensional (3D) microdisk with a vertical refractive index distribution of n(2)/3.4/n(2) are investigated by the S-matrix method and 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. For the microdisk with a thickness of 0.2 mu m. and a radius of 1 mu m, the mode wavelengths and quality factors for the HE7,1 mode obtained by 3D FDTD simulation and the S-matrix method are in good agreement as n(2) increases from 1.0 to 2.6. But the Q factor obtained by the 3D FDTD rapidly decreases from 1.12 X 10(4) to 379 as n2 increases from 2.65 to 2.8 owing to the vertical radiation losses, which cannot be predicted by the proposed S-matrix method. The comparisons also show that quality factors obtained from the analytical solution of two-dimensional microdisks under the effective index approximation are five to seven times smaller than those of the 3D FDTD as n(2) = 1 and R = 1 mu m. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

Influence of ambient atmosphere on the plasmon resonance absorption of Ag/SiOx(0 <= x <= 2) nanocomposite film

Nanocomposite films consisting of nanosized Ag particles embedded in partially oxidized amorphous Si-containing matrices were prepared by radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering deposition. We studied the influence of ambient atmosphere during the preparation and heat-treatment of Ag/SiOx (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 2) nanocompositefilm on its optical absorption properties. We found that the plasmon resonance absorption peak shifts to shorter wavelengths with the increasing oxygen content in the SiOx matrix. The analysis indicates that the potential barrier between Ag nanoparticles and SiOx matrix increases with the increasing x value, which will induce the surface resonance state to shift to higher energy. The electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi level of Ag nanoparticles must absorb more energy to be transferred to the surface resonance state with the increasing x value. It was also found that the plasmon resonance absorption peaks of the samples annealed in different ambient atmospheres are located at about the same position. This is because the oxidation surface layer is dense enough to prevent the oxygen from penetrating into the sample to oxidize the silicon in the inner layer.

Linearization Method and Linear Complexity

We focus on the relationship between the linearization method and linear complexity and show that the linearization method is another effective technique for calculating linear complexity. We analyze its effectiveness by comparing with the logic circuit method. We compare the relevant conditions and necessary computational cost with those of the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm and the Games-Chan algorithm. The significant property of a linearization method is that it needs no output sequence from a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) because it calculates linear complexity using the algebraic expression of its algorithm. When a PRNG has n [bit] stages (registers or internal states), the necessary computational cost is smaller than O(2n). On the other hand, the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm needs O(N2) where N ( 2n) denotes period. Since existing methods calculate using the output sequence, an initial value of PRNG influences a resultant value of linear complexity. Therefore, a linear complexity is generally given as an estimate value. On the other hand, a linearization method calculates from an algorithm of PRNG, it can determine the lower bound of linear complexity.

Ni-Cr系光谱选择性吸收薄膜制备与表征

太阳能选择性吸收薄膜是中高温太阳能集热器的最关键部分，目前世界很多国家都在积极研究工艺简单、成本低廉、性能优良稳定的中高温光谱选择性吸收薄膜。本论文根据金属陶瓷型太阳能光谱选择性吸收表面和磁控溅射技术的原理，在国内外研究发展的基础上，针对目前国内平板型太阳能集热器的现有状况，结合太阳能热水器建筑一体化的发展趋势，开展了磁控溅射制备光谱选择性吸收薄膜的研究。本工作以直流反应磁控溅射方法作为制备手段，选择Ni-Cr合金作为靶材，以N2, 02两种气体为反应气体，反应溅射制备折射率变化的NiCr-NiCrO,N

Ultra-dry oxygen atmosphere to protect tellurite glass fiber from surface crystallization

In this study we report on surface crystallization phenomena and propose a solution for the fabrication of long and robust tellurite glass fibers. The bulk tellurite glasses of interest were prepared by melting and quenching techniques. Tellurite glass preforms and fibers were fabricated by suction casting and rod-in-tube drawing methods, respectively. The surfaces of the tellurite bulk glass samples and of the drawn fibers prepared under different controlled atmospheres were examined by X-ray diffraction. When the tellurite glass fibers were drawn in ambient air containing water vapor, four primary kinds of small crystals were found to appear on the fiber surface, alpha-TeO(2), gamma-TeO(2), Zn(2)Te(3)O(8) and Na(2)Zn(3)(CO(3))(4)center dot 3H(2)O. A mechanism for this surface crystallization is proposed and a solution described, using an ultra-dry oxygen gas atmosphere to effectively prevent surface crystallization during fiber drawing. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The radio counter-jet of the QSO 3C 48

We present multi- frequency radio observational results of the quasar 3C 48. The observations were carried out with the Very Large Array ( VLA) at five frequencies, 0.33, 1.5, 4.8, 8.4, and 22.5 GHz, and with the Multi- Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network ( MERLIN) at the two frequencies of 1.6 and 5 GHz. The source shows a one- sided jet to the north within 1", which then extends to the northeast and becomes diffuse. Two bright components ( N2 and N3), containing most of the flux density, are present in the northern jet. The spectral index of the two components is alpha(N2) similar to -0.99 +/- 0.12 and alpha(N3) similar to - 0.84 +/- 0.23 ( S proportional to nu(alpha)). Our images show the presence of an extended structure surrounding component N2, suggestive of strong interaction between the jet and the interstellar medium ( ISM) of the host galaxy. A steep- spectrum component, labelled S, located 0.25 " southwest to the flat- spectrum component which could be the core of 3C 48, is detected at a significance of > 15 sigma. Both the location and the steepness of the spectrum of component S suggest the presence of a counter- jet in 3C 48.

REDUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE DISORDER IN MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY GAAS ON SI BY MEV ION-IMPLANTATION AND SUBSEQUENT ANNEALING

Molecular beam epitaxy GaAs films on Si, with thicknesses ranging from 0.9-2.0-mu-m, were implanted with Si ions at 1.2-2.6 MeV to doses in the range 10(15)-10(16) cm-2. Subsequent rapid infrared thermal annealing was carried out at 850-degrees-C for 15 s in a flowing N2 atmosphere. Crystalline quality was analyzed by using Rutherfold backscattering/channeling technique and Raman scattering spectrometry. The experimental results show that the recrystallization process greatly depends on the dose and energy of implanted ions. Complete recrystallization with better crystalline quality can be obtained under proper implantation and subsequent annealing. In the improved layer the defect density was much lower than in the as-grown layer, especially near the interface.

AN ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE FILM

We report on an aluminum oxynitride (AlON) film which was successfully made using the reactiver r.f. sputtering method in an N2-O2 mixture. The fabrication process, atomic components, breakdown field and refractive index of the AlON film are shown in detail. The AlON film is a new polyfilm combining the good properties of Al2O3 and AlN, and it is very interesting with regard to optoelectronic devices and integrated optic circuits.

Cl2／Ar／BCl3ICP刻蚀对AIGaN的损伤研究

感应耦合等离子体（ICP）刻蚀在AlGaN基紫外探测器台面制作中起着重要作用，初步研究了Cl2／Ar／BCl3ICP刻蚀对A1GaN材料的损伤。运用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对ICP刻蚀前后的n型Al0.45Ga0．55N表面进行了分析，并对刻蚀后AlGaN材料在N2气中快速热退火进行了研究。结果表明，在N2气中550℃退火3min对材料的电学性能有明显的改善作用。

Metal-organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy Growth and Characterization of InAlGaN Epilayers

In order to improve crystal quality for growth of quaternary InAlGaN, a series of InAlGaN films were grown on GaN buffer layer under different growth temperatures and carrier gases by low-pressure metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to measure the chemical composition of the quaternary, high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and photoluminescence (PL) technique were used to characterize structural and optical properties of the epilayers, respectively. The PL spectra of InAlGaN show with and without the broad-deep level emission when only N2 and a N2+H2 mixture were used as carrier gas, respectively. At pressure of 1.01×104 Pa and with mixed gases of nitrogen and hydrogen as carrier gas, different alloy compositions of the films were obtained by changing the growth temperature while keeping the fluxes of precursors of indium (In), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N2) constant. A combination of HRXRD and PL measurements enable us to explore the relative optimum growth parameters-growth temperature between 850℃ and 870℃,using mixed gas of N2+H2 as carrier gas.

沙地樟子松幼苗对水肥添加的生理生态响应

水分和N(氮)素是树木赖以生长和生存的必需要素，它们的有效性直接影响着树木的生长和发育，进而影响生态系统的生产力。本文研究了水分和N素添加对沙地樟子松幼苗的生理生态影响，以期确定沙地樟子松苗木生长发育的限制性因子，加深对樟子松在沙地环境中适应能力的进一步认识，为樟子松的引种栽培、苗圃水肥管理提供一定的科学依据。 本研究以樟子松幼苗为研究材料，在水泥池子（大小为1.0 m × 1.0 m）中进行。设置两组实验：（1）水、N肥（NH4NO3）添加实验，由CK（既不加水也不加N肥）、W（每10 d加水1次，水量为10.0 L•m-2）、N（10.0 g•m-2）、W+N (包含W和N 2个处理)4个处理组成，每处理3个重复，以3年生苗木为材料；（2）5个不同N肥（NH4NO3）水平（CK-0.0、N1-5.0、N2-10.0、N3-20.0和N4-25.0 g•m-2）实验，各水平3个重复，以2年生苗木为对象。通过季节性取样，测定了形态指标（株高、地径、生物量等）、生理指标（叶片相对含水量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶片脯氨酸含量等）和养分指标（植株与土壤的全N、全P浓度等）。结果如下： （1）樟子松幼苗生长与N素添加水平关系密切，3年生苗木株高、地径、单株总生物量在W、N、W+N处理下明显增加，且在W+N处理下达到最大值；在CK~N3范围内，2年生苗木的株高随N肥水平的增加明显加大，株高、地径、单株总生物量等的最大值出现在N3水平，N3水平最有利于促进樟子松幼苗的生长。 （2）相对生长速率（RGR）是衡量苗木总生物量累积状况的重要指标。RGR对水、N肥处理和N肥水平的响应不明显，随着时间的推移而下降。 （3）叶片相对含水量（RWC）在W处理、不同N肥水平处理下的变化均不明显，W+N处理使得叶片RWC明显增加；叶绿素含量在水和N肥处理下、不同N肥水平处理均未发生明显的变化，最大值分别出现在W+N处理和N3水平下。脯氨酸的含量与植物所处环境中的水分、N养分条件有一定联系，在W处理下其含量有下降趋势；在N4水平下达到最大值，起到明显的积累作用。 （4）W、N和W+N处理促使3年生苗单株全N含量明显增加，在W+N处理下达到最大值；W+N处理对单株全P含量具有明显的影响；水、N肥添加处理对3年生苗木根、茎、叶的全N浓度和全P浓度作用不明显。在N2、N3水平下，单株全N含量明显增加；N3水平促使2年生樟子松幼苗根、茎、叶中的全N含量明显升高；添加N肥对幼苗全N浓度没有产生明显的影响；在N3水平下的单株全P含量明显增加，全P浓度对N肥施加反应不明显。 （5）W+N处理明显加快了3年生苗木的净N利用效率（NNUR）和净P（磷）利用效率（NPUR），W处理和N处理对NNUR和NPUR影响不大，这说明水与N肥联合后对NNUR和NPUR产生作用，其大小关系一致，即：CK < W < N < W+N。在不同N肥水平下，2年生樟子松幼苗的NNUR和NPUR差异均不显著。NNUR和NPUR随着时间的推移而降低。 （6）根据的N∶P比值和叶片养分含量临界值以及苗木的株高、单株总生物量在不同N肥水平和水、N肥添加处理下的变化情况，可以初步判定本研究中樟子松苗木受到N养分的限制，另外，水分和N养分之间具有联合作用。因此，在苗圃育苗和造林初期，要合理地进行水肥管理。

Spatial structure of internal tidal waves generated on weak topographies

The generation of internal gravity waves by barotropic tidal flow passing over a two-dimensional topography is investigated. Rather than calculating the conversion of tidal energy, this study focuses on delineating the geometric characteristics of the spatial structure of the resulting internal wave fields (i.e., the configurations of the internal beams and their horizontal projections) which have usually been ignored. it is found that the various possible wave types can be demarcated by three characteristic frequencies: the tidal frequency, wo; the buoyancy frequency, N; and the vertical component of the Coriolis vector or earth's rotation.f. When different possibilities arising from the sequence of these frequencies are considered, there occur 12 kinds of wave structures in the full 3D space in contrast to the 5 kinds identified by the 2D theory. The constant wave phase lines may form as ellipses or hyperbolic lines on the horizontal plane, provided the buoyancy frequency is greater or less than the tidal frequency. The effect that stems from the consideration of the basic flow is also found, which not only serves as the reason for the occurrence of higtter harmonics but also increases the wave strength in the direction of basic flow. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Plasma and electrode emissions from a 1 kW hydrogen-nitrogen arcjet thruster

Arc root behavior affects the energy transfer and nozzle erosion in an arcjet thruster. To investigate the development of arc root attachment in 1 kW class N2 and H2-N2 arcjet thrusters from the time of ignition to the stably working condition, a kinetic series of end-on view images of the nozzle obtained by a high-speed video camera was analyzed. The addition of hydrogen leads to higher arc voltage levels and the determining factor for the mode of arc root attachment was found to be the nozzle temperature. At lower nozzle temperatures, constricted type attachment with unstable motions of the arc root was observed, while a fully diffused and stable arc root was observed at elevated nozzle temperatures.

Experimental study on energy dissipation in a 1 kW arcjet thruster

As a simple and reliable propulsion system, arcjet thrusters have been used in multiple satellite missions. In order to improve the efficiency of arcjet thrusters, energy dissipation study was carried out in a 1 kW arcjet thruster with pure N2, H2-N2 and H2 as the propellant. Using a 698 nm interference filter, thermal radiation was isolated from arc and plume emissions and the internal nozzle temperature was obtained by converting the thermal radiation signals. Results show that the addition of hydrogen leads to higher nozzle temperature, which is the determining factor for the mode of arc root attachment. At lower nozzle temperatures, constricted type attachment with unstable motions of the arc root was observed, while a fully diffused and stable arc root was observed at elevated nozzle temperatures. Output energy distribution analysis shows that losses from frozen flow and exhaust thermal losses are the main parts in limiting the efficiency of arcjet thrusters.