81 resultados para Lotus-japonicus
Resumo:
本文主要以花鲈[Lateolabrax.japonicus (C.& V.)]和褐牙鲆[Paralichthys olivaceus(T. & S.)]作为海洋肉食性鱼类的代表种类,根据鱼类生态生理学理论,通过设定不同饥饿时问下因子水平,研究两种鱼类摄食率、排粪率、转化效率和SGR等生态生理效率的状态变化。其目的在于研究高营养级鱼类在海洋生态系统中的下行控制作用(Top-down Effect),以及肉食性鱼类的生态对策与鱼类资源补充机制的相互关系,为深入解析鱼类资源生产力及其持续利用海洋生物资源,提供科学依据。其主要研究结果概述如下:1.花鲈: 饥饿0(对照组)、4、8、12、16d后恢复投喂,过量投喂淡水桡足类,温度为19.5±2.0℃,初始体重为0.61-0.93g,平均体重为0.79g实验周期为28d。1.1饥饿时间对花鲈的体重损失率产生显著影响,受过饥饿的个体的湿重失率
(LR_W)与饥饿时间(t)的关系为:LR_W=2.2164t-3.6634(r~2=0.9767,p
Resumo:
在浅海养殖系统中,生源要素的形态和动态对滤食性贝类生长有着重要影响,与此同时,滤食性贝类对系统中的生源要素的动态也具有重要作用,国外学者对此研究的比较多,但在我国研究甚少。在本论文中利用室内模拟实验和海上调查的方法,研究滤食性贝类的生物过滤、生物沉积及排泄作用对浅海养殖系统中生源要素动态的影响。室内模拟实验部分:1998年4月至6月间,在烟台利用室内规格相同的水池,建立了栉孔贝扇(Chlamys farreri)不同养殖密度单养、栉孔扇贝和海带(Laminaria japonica)混养、栉孔扇贝和海带、刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)多元化养殖等三种养殖模式,九个养殖系统和一个对照系统,实验中各池的温度、光照、盐度和换水量基本一致,定期测定实验池中颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒氮(PN)和水体及沉积物中营养盐的含量。实验结果表明:1 栉孔扇贝大量滤食水体中的颗粒物质,导致水体中颗粒物质浓度的降低,水体中POC和PN的现存量与栉孔扇贝的放养密度负相关,水体中颗粒物的缺乏会限制栉孔扇贝的生长,当POC、PN的现存量分别降低到0.09mg/L、0.015mg/L时,就会限制栉孔扇贝的生长。2 栉孔扇贝排泄代谢产物增加了水体中无机营养盐的浓度,栉孔扇贝排泄的氮以NH_4~+-N为主,占三氮的93.5%;海带可为栉孔扇贝生长提供一部分饵料。3 实验期间硅浓度低于或近于2umol/L,限制了硅藻的生长,实验后期水体中氮盐浓度降低,氮磷比小于10,可能限制了浮游植物的生长,减少了栉孔扇贝的饵料生物,从而抑制了栉孔扇贝的生长。4 在栉孔扇贝单养和贝藻参混养系列中,沉积物中有机物、有机碳、有机氮、有机磷及总磷的含量随栉孔扇贝放养密度的增大而减少。5 在贝藻混养系列中的栉孔扇贝生长好于单养系列,在贝藻参混养系列中的海带生长速度快于贝藻混养系列;单养和贝藻参混养模式中栉栉孔扇贝的日产量均以放养密度中等的(20个/m~2)养殖系统较高。海上调查部分:于1997年冬季、1998年春季和夏季,在烟台四十里湾海区进行了三次野外调查,分别在养殖海区和非养殖海区取得沉积物柱状样,测定沉积物中有机质和间隙水中无机营养盐的含量。实验结果表明:6 养殖区沉积物中有机质的含量大于非养殖区,平均高约22%。7 养殖海区沉积物间隙水中营养盐的浓度大于非养殖海区,其中养殖区NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P 的浓度分别高于非养殖区50%和200%-400%,NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N 的浓度差别不明显;沉积物间隙水中营养盐浓度冬季较小,而春夏季浓度较高;氮盐以NH_4~+-N 为主,占90%以上。8 养殖海区沉积物-海水界面间营养盐扩散通量大于非养殖海区,烟台四十里湾沉积物-海水界面间NH_4~+-N, PO_4~(3-)-P, NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N 冬、春、夏三季平均扩散通分别为249.99 umol/m~2/d、3.78 umol/m~2/d、5.24 umol/m~2/d、0.83mol/m~2/d。
Resumo:
Stomach contents were examined of 4527 adult individuals of 12 flatfish species collected during the 1982 - 1983 Bohai Sea Fisheries Resources Investigation. Their food habits, diet diversity, similarity of prey taxa, trophic niche breadth and diet overlap were systematically analysed. Ninety-seven prey species belonging to the Coelenterata, Nemertinea, Polychaeta, Mollusca, Crustacea, Echinodermata, Hemichordata and fish were found and five of them were considered to be principal prey for flatfishes: Alpheus japonicus, Oratosquilla oratoria, Alpheus distinguendus, Loligo japonicus and Crangon affinis. Among the flatfishes, Paralichthys olivaceus was piscivorous, whereas Pseodopleuronectes yokohamae and Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini both had polychaetes and molluscs as their main prey groups. Pleuronichthys cornutus was classified as a polychaete-mollusc eater, with a strong preference for crustaceans. Verasper variegatus, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Eopsetta grigorjewi and Cleisthenes herzensteini ate crustaceans. Kareius bicoloratus was classified as a mollusc-crustacean eater: Cynoglossus abbreviatus, Cynoglossus joyneri and Zebrias zebra were grouped as crustacean-fish eaters. However, Z. zebra also took polychaetes and C. abbreviatus and C. joyneri preyed on some molluscs. Trophic relationships among the flatfishes were complicated, but they occupied distinctive microhabitats in different seasons and selected their specific prey items, which was favourable to the stability of the flatfish community in the Bohai Sea.
Resumo:
Objective To study the transfer of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) using four simulated marine food chains: dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense -> Arterriia Artemia salina -> Mysid shrimp Neomysis awatschensis; A. tamarense-N. awatschensis: A. taniarense A. salina -> Perch Lateolabrax japonicus; and A. tamarense -> L. japonicus. Methods The ingestion of A. tamarense, a producer of PST, by L. japonicus, N. awatschensis, and A. salina was first confirmed by microscopic observation of A. tamarense cells in the intestine samples of the three different organisms, and by the analysis of Chl.a levels iii the samples. Toxin accumulation in L. japonicus and N. awatschensis directly from the feeding on A. tamarense or indirectly ibrough the vector of A. salina was then studied. The toxicity of samples was measured using the AOAC mouse bioassay method, and the toxin content and profile of A. tamarense were analyzed by the HPLC method. Results Both A. salina and N. awatschensis could ingest A. tamarense cells. However, the ingestion capability of A. salina exceeded that of N. awatschensis. After the exposure to the culture of A. tamarense (2 000 cells(.)mL(-1)) for 70 minutes, the content of ChLa in A. salina and N. awatschensis reached 0.87 and 0.024 mu g-mg(-1), respectively. Besides, A. tamarense cells existed in the intestines of L. japonicus, N. awatschensis and A. salina by microscopic observation. Therefore, the three organisms could ingest A. tamarense cells directly. A. salina could accumulate high content of PST, and the toxicity of A. salina in samples collected on days 1, 4, and 5 of the experiment was 2.18, 2.6, and 2.1 MU(.)g(-1), respectively. All extracts from the samples could lead to death of tested mice within 7 minutes, and the toxin content in arternia sample collected on the 1st day was estimated to be 1.65x10(-5) pg STX equa Vindividual. Toxin accumulation in L. japonicus and N. awatschensis directly from the feeding on A. tamarense or indirectly froin the vector of A. salina was also studied. The mice injected with extracts from L. japonicus and N. awatschensis samples that accumulated PST either directly or indirectly showed PST intoxication symptoms, indicating that low levels of PST existed in these samples. Conclusion Paralytic shellfish toxins can be transferred to L. japonicus, N. awatschensis, and A. salina from A. taniarense directly or indirectly via the food chains.
Resumo:
简述了 Lotus Notes软件及其数据库特性 ,介绍了 Notes数据库构建和在 Internet/Intranet环境下提供全文检索的途径和方式。
Resumo:
通过对贵州花江峡谷喀斯特石漠化区4种典型石漠化植物群落中11种常见植物种叶片的δ^13C值测定,研究了各植物种对影响植物碳同位素分馏的主要环境因子(土壤储水量、大气相对湿度、光照强度、土壤厚度)的响应,分析了石漠化梯度中不同土层土壤储水量、大气相对湿度、土壤有机质、年均气温、光照强度等环境因子梯度变化与植物叶片δ^13C值的关系。结果表明,大部分物种的δ^13C值对环境因子的变化趋势表现为随环境水分好转呈下降趋势,即水分利用效率下降;也有部分物种呈稳定不变或逆势上升趋势。相关性分析表明,清香木(Pistacia weinmannifolia)、石岩枫(Mallotus repandus)、红背山麻杆(Alchornea trewioides)的主导因子是土层储水量;肾蕨(Nephrolepis cordifolia)、野桐(Mallotus japonicus var。floccosus)的主导因子是土壤厚度;肾蕨、八角枫(Alangium chinense)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)的主导因子是光照强度;而广西密花树(Rapanea kwangsiensis)、圆叶乌桕(Sapium rot undifolium)和灰毛浆果楝(Cipadessa cinerascens)则分辨不出主导因子,即环境影响因素更为综合。总体而言,叶片高δ^13C值是对低水分、高光、低资源环境的适应.