ZnO clusters encapsulated inside micropores of zeolites studied by UV Raman and laser-induced luminescence spectroscopies

Using microporous zeolites as host, sub-nanometric ZnO clusters were prepared in the micropores of the host by the incipient wetness impregnation method. A small amount of sub-nanometric ZnO clusters were introduced into the channels of HZSM-5 zeolite, whereas a large quantity of sub-nanometric ZnO clusters can be accommodated in the supercages of HY zeolite and no macrocrystalline ZnO exists on the extra surface of the HY material. The vibrations of the zeolite framework and ZnO were characterized by UV Raman spectroscopy. The optical properties of these ZnO clusters were studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy. It is found that there are strong host-guest interactions between the framework oxygen atoms of zeolite and ZnO clusters influencing the motions of the framework oxygen atoms. The interaction may be the reason why ZnO clusters are stabilized in the pores of zeolites. Different from bulk ZnO materials, these sub-nanometric ZnO clusters exhibit their absorption onset below 265 nm and show a purple luminescence band (centered at 410-445 nm) that possesses high quantum efficiency and quantum size effect. This purple luminescence band most likely originates from the coordinatively unsaturated Zn sites in sub-nanometric ZnO clusters. On the other hand, the differences in the pore structure between HZSM-5 and HY zeolites cause the absorption edge and the purple luminescence band of ZnO clusters in ZnO/HZSM-5 show a red shift in comparison with those of ZnO clusters in ZnO/HY.

Pretreatment of polymer-supported Pd-Co and its catalytic activity

Various pretreatments of poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) protected palladium-cobalt system result in different catalytic activities in the hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene.

固相反应法制备的Pd/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性

催化剂中Pd粒子的粒径和相对结晶度对甲酸氧化峰峰电位基本没有影响.但在Pd/C-1和Pd/C-2催化剂电极上主要氧化峰峰电流分别为17·1和6·1mA/cm2,表明Pd/C-1催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性要高于Pd/C-2催化剂,这是由于Pd/C-1催化剂中Pd粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度比Pd/C-2催化剂的小而引起的.图3为Pd/C-1和Pd/C-2催化剂电极在0·5mol/LH2SO4+0·5mol/L HCOOH溶液中,电位恒定在0·1V时的计时电流曲线.由图可见,在Pd/C-1催化剂电极上(图3,曲线a),当电位恒定在0·1V下扫描1000s时,电流密度为2·35mA/c

Synthesis of isomeric bis(amine anhydride)s for novel poly(amine imide)s by Pd-catalyzed amination of 4-chlorophthalic anhydride

Two novel bis(amine anhydride) monomers, N,N'-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine dianhydride I and N,/N'-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-1,3-phenylenediamine dianhydride 11, were prepared via palladium-catalyzed amination reaction of 4-chloro-N-methylphthaliniide with 1,4-phenylenediamine or 1,3-phenylenediamine, followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the intermediate bis(amine imide)s and subsequent dehydration of the resulting tetraacids. A series of new poly(amine imide)s were prepared from the synthesized dianhydride monomers with various diamines in NMP via conventional two-step method.

Carbon-supported Pd nanocatalyst modified by non-metal phosphorus for the oxygen reduction reaction

A carbon-supported palladium catalyst modified by non-metal phosphorus(PdP/C) has been developed as an oxygen reduction catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells.The PdP/C catalyst was prepared by the sodium hypophosphite reduction method. The as-prepared Pd nanoparticles have a narrow size distribution with an average diameter of 2 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that P enters into the crystal lattice of Pd and forms an alloy.

Controlled release of urea encapsulated by starch-g-poly(L-lactide)

This paper presented a new approach for preparing a new type of slow-release membrane-encapsulated urea fertilizer with starch-g-PLLA as biodegradable carrier materials. By solution-casting and washing rapidly with water the urea was individually encapsulated within the starch matrix modified by L-lactide through in situ graft-copolymerization.

Synthesis, characterization and mechanism of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide bilayer-encapsulated gold nanosheets and nanocrystals

Single-crystal Au nanosheets and fcc gold nanocrystals of uniform size were synthesized by a novel and simple route. The results of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the formation of the single-crystal structure of gold nanosheets and fcc nanocrystals. Energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) showed absorbance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) molecules onto the surface of gold nanostructures.

Preparation of Pd/C catalyst for formic acid oxidation using a novel colloid method

A novel colloid method using (WO3)(n)center dot xH(2)O as colloidal source was developed to prepare Pd/C catalyst for formic acid oxidation. Transmission electron microscopy image shows that the Pd/C nanoparticles have an average size of 3.3 nm and a narrow size distribution. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the Pd/C catalyst exhibits significantly high electrochemical active surface area and high catalytic activity with good stability for formic acid oxidation compared with that prepared by common method.

Pd nanoparticles supported on WO3/C hybrid material as catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Pd nanoparticles supported on WO3/C hybrid material have been developed as the catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in direct methanol fuel cells. The resultant Pd-WO3/C catalyst has an ORR activity comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst and a higher activity than the Pd/C catalyst prepared with the same method. Based on the physical and electrochemical characterizations, the improvement in the catalytic performance may be attributed to the small particle sizes and uniform dispersion of Pd on the WO3/C, the strong interaction between Pd and WO3 and the formation of hydrogen tungsten bronze which effectively promote the direct 4-electron pathway of the ORR at Pd.

Synthesis of Pd/C catalysts with designed lattice constants for the electro-oxidation of formic acid

Pd/C catalysts with designed lattice constants were synthesized for the electro-oxidation of formic acid. By changing the solvents in the preparation procedure, it was demonstrated that the different lattice constants of Pd crystallites could be controlled as desired. The varied lattice constants may be attributed to the difference in the interactions between solvents and PdCl2. it was found that the lattice constant had an obvious effect on the electro-catalytic performance of Pd.

High-quality hydrogen from the catalyzed decomposition of formic acid by Pd-Au/C and Pd-Ag/C

Pd-Au/C and Pd-Ag/C were found to have a unique characteristic of evolving high-quality hydrogen dramatically and steadily from the catalyzed decomposition of liquid formic acid at convenient temperature, and further this was improved by the addition of CeO2(H2O)(x).