乌龟遗传多样性的RAPD分析

运用RAPD技术对乌龟的遗传多样性进行了分析。用 2 0个随机引物对 2 4个个体的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增 ,一共扩增出 32 88条DNA片段 ,平均每个个体扩增出 137条带。在检测到的 137个位点中 ,多态位点数为 119个 ,占 86 9% ,标记的分子量在 0 .2kb— 3kb之间。个体间最大的遗传距离为 0 4 6 7,个体间最小的遗传距离为0 16 8。 2 4个个体的平均遗传距离为 0 32 4 +0 0 6 31。表明乌龟的遗传多样性水平较高。采用类平均聚类法(NJTREE)构

微囊藻毒素与自然水体中细菌VIVIFORM状态的相关性

细菌VIVIFORM状态是直接关系到自然水体水质评价和环境保护的生态现象 ,其形成机理相当复杂 ,但环境胁迫是主要诱因。通过人为改变湖水中的微囊藻毒素 (MC LR)水平 ,对水体中蓝藻毒素与细菌VIVIFORM状态之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明 ,较高的毒素水平对水体中细菌种群总量没有明显的影响 ,但能刺激VIVIFORM细菌转化成可培养状态 ,从而证实了自然水体中蓝藻毒素与水细菌VIVIFORM状态之间存在直接的相关性。

生物入侵的进化生物学

中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KSCXI SW 13 0 4) ; 国家重点基础研究发展计划 (2 0 0 3CB415 10 3 )资助

中国砂壳虫属新纪录(肉鞭门,根足总纲,叶足纲,表壳目,砂壳科)

记述了首次在中国横断山区各种淡水中鉴定出隶属肉鞭门根足总纲叶足纲表壳目砂壳虫属中国 12新纪录种 :球水瓶砂壳虫DifflugiaamphoralisglobosaGauthier Li埁ｖｒｅｅｔＴｈｏｍａｓ、坛状砂壳虫Ｄ .ampullulaPlayfair、窄巧砂壳虫D .elegansangustataDeflandre、双角巧砂壳虫D .elegansbicornisJung、盖氏砂壳虫D .gassowkii (Gas sowsky)Ogden、黑氏砂壳虫D .hiraethogiiOgden

副沙鳅属系统发育分析

以沙鳅属Botia为外类群 ,共发现了副沙鳅属Parabotia 35个有系统发育意义的外部与骨骼形态特征 ,并由此重建副沙鳅属系统发育关系为 :漓江副沙鳅 +(双斑副沙鳅 +(花斑副沙鳅 +(武昌副沙鳅 +点面副沙鳅 ) ) )或漓江副沙鳅 +(双斑副沙鳅 +(武昌副沙鳅 +(点面副沙鳅 +花斑副沙鳅 ) ) )。具有囟门 ;后翼骨外侧面为不规则的梯形 ;吻骨侧面观呈一长方形 ;无下舌软骨 ;具有 3对咽鳃骨 ;中喙骨弯曲较大 ,近直角 ;上吻皮中间有切刻状缺口 ,左右不连续 ;以及颐部无纽状突起等构成

电脉冲作用将外源基因导入稀有鮈鲫精子的研究

将稀有鲫 (Gobiocyprisrarus)精子与重组质粒pCAhLFc线性DNA混合温育 ,经电脉冲处理后与卵子受精 ,孵化出苗。从鱼苗中提取DNA ,经PCR检测 ,2 5 .5 %～ 6 6 .7%鱼苗带有外源基因。在显微镜下观察经电脉冲处理过的精子 ,发现其活力有不同程度下降 ,受精率也有不同程度下降 ,说明不同的电脉冲条件对精子有不同程度的损害作用。精子与外源DNA混合温育 ,经电脉冲处理后 ,用DNA外切酶消化后 ,提取精子DNA ,经PCR检测 ,仍有阳性电泳带 ,证明电脉冲可以促使稀有

影响异育银鲫人工繁殖的主要因子的研究

异育银鲫的适宜催产水温为18 —22℃之间。低于适宜温度下限, 温度影响较大, 不仅影响产卵、受精和孵化, 而且孵出的鱼苗体质较弱, 成活率较低; 高于适宜温度上限, 温度的影响则不十分严重。在繁殖季节, 已发育成熟的亲鱼, 捕捞转池会严重影响其催产和产卵。不同品系或不同年龄的亲鱼, 其对催产剂的需求量不同。1 龄的异育银鲫有部分达到性成熟, 可以催产并产出卵, 但只有体重在250 克以上的鱼, 其产出的卵才有较高的受精率和孵化率。

贵州省小型甲壳动物新种和新记录

本文记述了1988年2～8月间采自贵州省的49种小型甲壳动物。其中,有枝角类29种,包括2新种——长刺尖额(氵蚤)Alona longispina Chen et Yang sp.nov,,透明锐额(氵蚤)Alonella hyalina Chen et Cao sp.nov.和2个国内新记录亚种——毛尾靴尾(氵蚤)Dunhevedia crassp cilio-caudata(Sovinsky,1891),短角平直(氵蚤)Pleuroxus trigonellus breviconis Brehm,19

Macrozoobenthic community of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake of China, in the Yangtze floodplain

Poyang Lake (Poyang Hu) is located at the junction of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze (Changjiang) River, covering an area of 3283 km(2). As one of the few lakes that are still freely connected with the river, it plays an important role in the maintenance of the unique biota of the Yangtze floodplain ecosystem. To promote the conservation of Poyang Lake, an investigation of the macrobenthos in the lake itself and adjoining Yangtze mainstream was conducted in 1997-1999. Altogether 58 benthic taxa, including, 22 annelids, 8 mollusks, 26 arthropods, and 2 miscellaneous animals, were identified from quantitative samples. The benthic fauna shows a high diversity and a marine affinity. The standing crops of benthos in the lake were much higher than those in the river, being 659 individuals/m(2) and 187.3g/m(2) (wet mass) in the main lake, and 549 individuals/m(2) and 116.6 g/m(2) in the lake outlet, but only 129 individuals/m(2) and 0.4g/m(2) in the river. The dominant roup in the lake was Mollusca, comprising 63.4% of the total in density and 99.5% in biomass. An analysis of the functional feeding structure indicated that collector-filterers and scrapers were predominant in the lake, up to 42.2% and 24.7% in density and 70.2% and 29.2% in biomass, respectively, while shredders and collector-gatherers were relatively common in the river. The present study was restricted to the northern outlet and the northeast part of Poyang Lake. A scrutiny is required for the remaining areas.

STUDY ON MICROWAVE CYCLOTRON RESONANCE OF HIGH-MOBILITY GaAs/Al-0.35 Ga-0.65 As TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS

The properties of electron states in the presence of microwave irradiation play a key role in understanding the oscillations of longitudinal resistance and the zero-resistance states in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG) in low magnetic field. The properties of electron states in a high-mobility and low-density GaAs/Al0.35Ga0.65As 2DEG in the presence of Ka-band microwave irradiation were studied by reflectance-based optically detected cyclotron resonance(RODCR). The influences of the direction of microwave alternating electronic field, wavelength of the laser, and temperature on RODCR results were discussed. The results show that RODCR measurements provide a convenient and powerful method for studying electron states in 2DEG.

Synthesis and photoluminescence of ZnS : Cu nanoparticles

The room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) of copper doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu) nanoparticles were investigated. These ZnS:Cu nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile wet chemical method, with the copper concentration varying from 0 to 2 mol%. By Gaussian fitting, the PL spectrum of the undoped ZnS nanoparticles was deconvoluted into two blue luminescence peaks (centered at 411 nm and 455 nm, respectively), which both can be attributed to the recombination of the defect sates of ZnS. But for the doped samples, a third peak at about 500 nm was also identified. This green luminescence originates from the recombination between the shallow donor level (sulfur vacancy) and the t(2) level of Cu2+. With the increase of the CU2+ concentration, the green emission peak is systematically shifted to longer wavelength. In addition, it was found that the overall photoluminescence intensity is decreased at the Cu2+ concentration of 2%. The concentration quenching of the luminescence may be caused by the formation of CuS compound. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Initial stages of GaN/GaAs (100) growth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

We have investigated the growth of GaN buffers by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on GaAs (100) substrates. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) were employed to study the dependence of the nucleation on the growth temperature, growth rate, annealing effect, and growth time. A two-step growth sequence must be used to optimize and control the nucleation and the subsequent growth independently. The size and distribution of islands and the thickness of buffer layers have a crucial role on the quality of GaN layers. Based on the experimental results, a model was given to interpret the formation of hexagonal-phase GaN in the cubic-phase GaN layers. Using an optimum buffer layer, the strong near-band emission of cubic GaN with full-width at half maximum (FWHM) value as small as 5.6 nm was observed at room temperature. The background carrier concentration was estimated to be in the range of 10(13) similar to 10(14) cm(-3).

非结构化P2P系统Overlay优化技术综述

非结构化P2P Overlay网络的结构松散,网络中资源的分布没有明确的限制,这使得非结构化P2P Overlay网络中的资源搜索在很大程度上依赖于通信开销巨大的泛洪法,因而非结构化P2P系统在伸缩性,可用性等方面,存在明显的不足.非结构化P2P Overlay网络的上述特点决定了非结构化P2P Overlay优化技术的重要性.本文分四大类别,对非结构化P2P Overlay优化技术进行了介绍,分析比较了各类方法的优劣以及它们的适用场合,并在此基础上对未来工作进行了展望.

比例方程组与MPI同步通信静态死锁检测

介绍了一种MPI程序死锁检测的静态方法以及该方法所处理的程序模型.为实现该方法,提出了比例方程组(一种特殊线性方程组)的概念并设计了求解方程组最简解的线性时空复杂度的高效算法.算法由一个四遍扫描过程与一个主控程序构成.主控程序用来处理并行计算节点计算机构成的划分.四遍扫描过程采用深度优先搜索方法确定方程组中各变元之间的比例关系.通过该算法所获得的最简解,任意多个变元之间的比例关系能在常数时间内获得.证明了该算法的正确性,并采用Java语言实现了该算法的标准程序库.该程序库目前已运行于MPI同步通信静态死锁检测的软件框架中.