五种淡水吸管虫原生动物中国新纪录种的描述

对采自于中国洞庭湖和汉阳墨水湖氧化沟的5种吸管虫做了形态学报道,均为国内新纪录:靴状盘吸管虫Discophryacothurnata(Weisse,1847-1848)Lachmann,1859;粗壮盘吸管虫DiscophryarobustaNozawa,1938;长柄球吸管虫Metacinetamacrocaulis(Stokes,1887)Matthes,1954;圆形放射吸管虫Heliophryarotunda(Hentschel,1916)Matthes,1954和孟加拉锤吸管虫Tokophrya

应用RAPD技术初步分析无裂栉江珧四种类型的基因组DNA

利用 3个随机引物 (S4 5 3,S4 5 4 ,S4 6 3)对无裂栉江珧 (Atrina pectinata L inaeus)的 4种类型 :青口、黄口、沙螺、棘螺基因组 DNA进行 RAPD分析 ,并对 RAPD的实验条件行了优化研究。10～ 2 0 ng的高纯度 DNA用作模板 ,退火温度为 39℃时 ,RAPD扩增的效率较高 ,扩增的带纹清晰可辨。3个引物中 ,引物 S4 5 3和 S4 6 3获得了清晰的 RAPD扩增结果 ,引物 S4 5 4未获得有效扩增 ,共扩增出 8条清晰的 DNA

草鱼、中华鳖IL-2活性影响因素的研究

结果显示 :当年草鱼种和中华鳖脾细胞培养上清液中能检测出IL 2活性 ,而且 1龄以上草鱼、中华鳖的IL 2活性高于当年孵化的草鱼和中华鳖。草鱼、中华鳖脾细胞在 2 5℃培养温度条件下 ,其上清液中IL 2活性最高 ,35℃次之 ,1 5℃最低。因此 ,草鱼、中华鳖IL 2活性在一定范围内是随着年龄增加而增强和依赖温度的。通过小鼠胸腺细胞增殖和对小鼠L92 9细胞杀伤率的实验表明 37℃比 2 5℃检测温度下所测的IL 2活性高 ,而中华鳖胸腺细胞增殖实验却显示 2 5℃检测温度下IL 2活性高于 37℃

长江圈养和饲养池中江豚行为的几点观察

作者对长江自然环境圈养条件下和人工饲养池中江豚（Neophocaenaphocaenoides）的部分行为作了初步的记录和分析。江豚对人工饲养的适应与环境变化的大小以及群体结构受损程度有关。环境变化大，群体结构受损大，适应慢。反之亦然．江豚常以一母一仔、一母一仔一幼或一雄一雌一起活动，是群体构成的核心单元．存在救助、争斗等社群行为及嬉戏行为。抚养关系严格。对窄小的过道有畏惧反应。

用浅水湖泊型鱼探仪估算东湖鱼群数量

用浅水湖泊型鱼探仪估算了武汉东湖中的鱼类个体数。鱼探仪的探头可以横向或垂直放置,水平探鱼时得到的是从湖面到1.5米深的个体鱼探图像;垂直探鱼时得到的是从1.5米到水底的个体鱼探图像。按半减半角3°计算了鱼探仪探索的水团中鱼的密度。根据每100米距离的个体鱼探图像计数值的时间系列变化以及鱼类密度的两向方差分析,发现鱼类的栖息密度随湖区的不同而异。根据各湖区鱼类当时的“现存”尾数,估计东湖郭郑湖区(11平方公里)1983年10月“现存”的鱼数为44万尾,1984年3月为112万尾。

武汉东湖鲢、鳙生长的几个问题的研究

采用退算法研究东湖鲢、鳙的生长,包括生长的基本模式,瞬时生长率及其变动,雌、雄鱼生长的差异等问题:1)鲢、鳙的生长模式可用von Bertalanffy方程来描述,其中鲢的参数l_∞=99.8厘米、W_∞=17,104克、K=0.3040、t_0=0.4821年,鳙的参数l_∞=117.6厘米、W_∞=29,311克、K=0.3088、t_0=0.5392年;2)鲢、鳙的瞬时生长率随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降,并且不同世代同龄鱼的瞬时生长率有一定的变动,其变差系数与年龄呈正相关;3)鲢、鳙的生长无显著的性别差

用鱼血清转氨酶监测水污染的研究

以三硝基甲苯(INT)、六六六、滴滴涕(DDT)、对硫磷(E-605)、氯化汞分别进行白鲢鱼种的急性致毒实验,与对照组相比,鱼血清谷草转氨酶活性显著增加;对硫磷还引起血清谷丙转氨酶活性的升高。血清转氨酶活性增加的程度与氯化汞浓度相关。不同种类的我国淡水鲤科鱼类、不同鱼龄、不同水体以及短期饥饿、惊扰及网箱饲养对血清转氨酶活性没有影响,但水温升高或溶氧低于1ppm会使鱼血清谷草转氨酶活性升高。水温与鱼血清谷草转氨酶活性有相关性。

Impacts of a small dam on riverine zooplankton

In order to explore the temporal impacts of a small dam on riverine zooplankton, monthly samples were conducted from November 2005 to June 2006 in a reach of Xiangxi River, China, which is affected by a small hydropower plant. A total of 56 taxa of zooplankton were recorded during the study and rotifers were the most abundant group, accounting for 97% of total taxa, while the others were copepod nauplii and copepod adults. This study indicated that: (1) the small dam in the Xiangxi River study area created distinct physical and ecological conditions relative to free-flowing lotic reaches despite the constrained channel and small size of the dam; (2) the existence of the plant's small dam had a significant effect on the zooplankton community. In long periods of drought or dry seasons the effect of the dam on potamoplankton was more pronounced (e.g., November, February, March, and May). But the downfall or the connectivity of channel appeared to decrease the effect of small hydropower plants on riverine zooplankton (e.g., April). The present observation underscores the need for additional studies that provide more basic data on riverine zooplankton communities and quantify ecological responses to dam construction over longer time spans.

Integration of double-fluorescence expression vectors into zebrafish genome for the selection of site-directed knockout/knockin

Production of zebrafish by modifying endogenous growth hormone (GH) gene through homologous recombination is described here. We first constructed the targeting vectors pGHT1.7k and pGHT2.8k, which were used for the knockout/knockin of the endogenous GH gene of zebrafish, and injected these two vectors into the embryos of zebrafish. Overall, the rate of targeted integration with the characteristic of germ line transmission in zebrafish was 1.7x10(-6). In one experimental patch, the integrating efficiency of pGHT2.8k was higher than that of pGHT1.7k, but the lethal effect of pGHT2.8k was stronger than that of pGHT1.7k. The clones with the correct integration of target genes were identified by a simple screening procedure based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) and RFP dual selection, which corresponded to homologous recombination and random insertion, respectively. The potential homologous recombination zebrafish was further bred to produce a heterozygous F-1 generation, selected based on the presence of GFP. The potential targeted integration of exogenous GH genes into a zebrafish genome at the P-0 generation was further verified by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. Approximately 2.5% of potential founder knockout and knockin zebrafish had the characteristic of germ line transmission. In this study, we developed an efficient method for producing the targeted gene modification in zebrafish for future studies on genetic modifications and gene functions using this model organism.

Modification of two-photon excited fluorescence from quantum dots on SiN photonic crystals

We investigate two-photon excited fluorescence from CdSe quantum dots with a center-emitting wavelength of 655 nm on SiN photonic crystals. We find that two-photon excited fluorescence is enhanced by more than 1 order of magnitude in the vertical direction when a photonic crystal is used compared to the fluorescence spectra in the absence of photonic crystals. The spectrum of two-photon excited fluorescence from quantum dots on SiN photonic crystal is observed to shift to blue compared to that from quantum dots on SiN without photonic crystals. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Growth of (10(1)over-bar(3)over-bar) semipolar GaN on m-plane sapphire by hydride vapor phase epitaxy

The crystalline, surface, and optical properties of the (10 (1) over bar(3) over bar) semipolar GaN directly grown on m-plane sapphire substrates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) were investigated. It was found that the increase of V/III ratio led to high quality (10 (1) over bar(3) over bar) oriented GaN epilayers with a morphology that may have been produced by step-flow growth and with minor evidence of anisotropic crystalline structure. After etching in the mixed acids, the inclined pyramids dominated the GaN surface with a density of 2 X 10(5) cm(-2), revealing the N-polarity characteristic. In the low-temperature PL spectra, weak BSF-related emission at 3.44eV could be observed as a shoulder of donor-bound exciton lines for the epilayer at high V/III ratio, which was indicative of obvious reduction of BSFs density. In comparison with other defect related emissions, a different quenching behavior was found for the 3.29 eV emission, characterized by the temperature-dependent PL measurement. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spin relaxation in submonolayer and monolayer InAs structures grown in a GaAs matrix

Electron-spin dynamics in InAs/GaAs heterostructures consisting of a single layer of InAs (1/3-1 monolayer) embedded in (001) and (311)A GaAs matrix was studied by means of time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy. The spin-relaxation time of the submonolayer InAs samples is significantly enhanced, compared with that of the monolayer InAs sample. The electron-spin-relaxation time and the effective g factor in submonolayer samples were found to be strongly dependent on the photogenerated carrier density. The contribution from both the D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism and Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanism are discussed to interpret the temperature dependence of spin decoherence at various carrier densities.

Annealing behaviors of long-wavelength InAs/GaAs quantum dots with different growth procedures by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

The effects of annealing on the optical properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown under different conditions by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are studied. A lower QD growth rate leads to an earlier and faster decrease of QD photoluminescence (PL) intensity with increasing annealing temperature. which is proposed to be related to the increased QD two-dimensional (2D)-three-dimensional (3D) transition critical layer thickness at low QD growth rate. High-quality GaAs cap layers grown at high temperature and a low deposition rate are shown to decrease the blueshift of the QDs' emission wavelength significantly during in-situ I h annealing experiments, which is important for the fabrication of long-wavelength InAs/GaAs QD lasers by MOCVD technique. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.